A sustainability-oriented multi-dimensional value assessment model for product-service development

In the product-service system (PSS), products are carriers of functions and media of services. Currently, value creation in PSS is directly related to the capabilities of the product-service solutions provided to serve customer demands and supplier business interest over time. There is a need for an evaluation approach that can identify in what manner and to what extent products and services should best be bundled in the development of a company’s value proposition. Furthermore, with an increasing focus on the sustainability profile of business operations, it is necessary to incorporate environmental impact measures with technical performance and cost measures to present a more comprehensive value assessment of product-service development. In this paper, a sustainability-oriented value assessment model is proposed as an attempt for product-service development decision support based on life cycle thinking. In this proposed approach, the fitness for extended utilisation indicators, the net present value (NPV) approach and life cycle assessment (LCA), are applied as the measures of life cycle performance, life cycle cost, and life cycle environmental impact, which are used for value assessment. A case study on a solar heating system will be presented to show how the assessment model can be used to support the evaluation and selection of different product-service development alternatives.     

Packaging throughout the value chain in the customer perspective marketing mix

Lauterborn has suggested that McCarthy's 4 P marketing mix classification be viewed by suppliers as the customers' four Cs, i.e. customer value, cost to satisfy, convenience and communication (the 4C perspective). 1 This paper seeks to illustrate the impacts of the four Cs on packaging value in the area of fast‐moving consumer goods throughout the whole value chain from the packaging producer to the end‐user, the consumer. Findings from two separate studies regarding trade‐offs in package values between different actors in the value chain, created through development of value‐adding package solutions, are presented and elaborated on. The positive effects of brand advertising can be acknowledged, but they cannot compensate for less efficient packaging. The market need will easily be affected and turned into a higher demand chain pull when creating packaging solutions that will attract retail business. Dynamics in values and trade‐offs were identified, even though requirements from the whole value chain were considered. The packaging solutions created gave the majority of stakeholders in the value chain great advantages, but the lack of dynamism in available infrastructure demanded adaptation that diminished value addition for all actors in the value chain. The contribution of this article is to theorize the 4C concept in the process of package design, taking value chain actor needs and value optimisation into consideration. Furthermore, a suggestion of an evaluation model from the 4C perspective on all value chain actors is presented and elaborated on. Copyright­© 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

成组技术在客户价值分析中的应用

“用户呼声”是新产品开发的决定性驱动力，基于客户的价值分析在产品规划，产品营销中具有重要意义，本文将成组技术的理论应用于客户价值分析中，应用模糊聚类分析方法，将具有相似价值取向的客户进行聚类分析，提高了客户价值分析的科学性和实用性。     

面向电动汽车租赁的多目标服务组合优化设计

电动汽车租赁行业迅速发展。为满足消费者和企业的综合需求,研究了面向电动汽车租赁的多目标服务组合优化设计方法。借助模糊理论确定各服务项权重,引入失望理论描述顾客的欣喜与失望感知以计算感知绩效,建立方案成本、相容度、市场竞争指数的计算方法,最终提出顾客感知绩效最大、成本最低、方案相容最优、市场竞争力最大的电动汽车租赁多目标服务组合优化设计模型。通过一种面向多阶段的多目标权重确定法对不同阶段的多目标决策设定权重。最后,通过实际项目案例对模型进行有效性验证,针对推广市场的不同阶段分别制定服务组合套餐,目标优化结果显著,为电动汽车租赁企业在服务设计方面提供了科学有效的决策方法。     

价值工程在某军用包装袋中的应用

目的 基于价值理论研究,以提高某军用包装袋价值的有效途径。方法 应用价值工程程序,首先对某军用包装袋的功能进行定量分析,然后计算出各零部件的成本及成本系数,再对零部件成本和功能匹配情况进行分析,找出价值系数不合适的零部件,最后对不合适的零部件提出建议,为该产品的改进提供方向。结果 运用价值功能理论分析发现,由于军用包装袋的可靠性要求,若提高功能其成本必然会提高,故仅能通过功能不变、降低成本的方法来提高价值。结论 通过对军用包装袋进行价值分析,可得出提高包装袋价值是降低成本的唯一途径,为军用包装的成本控制提供了新思路。     

Application of fuzzy quality function deployment for sustainable design of consumer electronics products: a case study

With a steep increase in the demand for consumer electronics products, the contemporary manufacturers are committed toward sustainable development of such products. There exists a scope for developing a methodology for enabling sustainable development of consumer electronics products. In this context, fuzzy quality function deployment (QFD) approach has been presented in this article in order to prioritize relevant customer requirements, sustainability parameters and sustainability initiatives. Key influential parameters for sustainable development of consumer electronics products have been identified from the literature. In the first phase of fuzzy QFD, parameters influencing sustainable development have been prioritized in accordance with customer requirements. In the second phase, environmental design initiatives have been prioritized based on critical sustainability parameters. From phase I of fuzzy QFD, ‘reduction in environmental release’ has been found as the most significant sustainability parameter with a crisp value of 22.83, and from phase II, environmental impact assessment is proved to be the significant design method with a crisp value of 20.40. The methodology would provide a comprehensive understanding to practitioners on the interrelationships among customer requirements, sustainability parameters and environmentally benign initiatives for development of consumer electronic products. The generic model developed can be applied to most of the consumer electronics product     

基于顾客选择行为的租赁车辆存量动态控制稳健模型

汽车租赁系统运营状态可划分为可租赁状态和无法租赁状态。考虑顾客到达站点无法租赁车辆的情况,为提高车辆的平均收益,减少期望利润的预测误差,构建租赁状态转移状态空间。应用连续短时段实时顾客行为变化检测策略和马尔可夫决策过程建立存量控制模型,得到租赁商的最优库存车辆数。算例分析表明,模型可以提高汽车租赁商的存量控制精度,实现对车辆的柔性控制。     

基于价值-成本模型的大规模定制生产模式

基于客户满意度的价值指数和学习曲线的成本指数等概念,构建了价值-成本模型,以此对不同程度的大规模定制生产模式进行了定量分析,并与其他生产模式进行了比较;用定量的方法揭示了大规模定制生产模式的本质.     

Aircraft Combat Survivability Estimation and Synthetic Tradeoff Methods

A new concept is proposed that susceptibility, vulnerability, reliability, maintainability and supportability should be essential factors of aircraft combat survivability. A weight coefficient method and a synthetic method are proposed to estimate aircraft combat survivability based on the essential factors. Considering that it takes cost to enhance aircraft combat survivability, a synthetic tradeoff model between aircraft combat survivability and life cycle cost is built. The aircraft combat survivability estimation methods and synthetic tradeoff with a life cycle cost model will be helpful for aircraft combat survivability design and enhancement.     

基于五维价值感知的文博文创产品消费需求洞察

目的 通过五维价值感知模型,洞察新生代群体文博文创消费需求的影响因素,从而为构建产品策略与设计方法奠定基础。方法 以文化消费与价值感知理论为基础,以情感、文化、社会、功能与价格价值感知为变量,对文博文创消费需求影响因素及其关系提出研究假设;通过问卷调研获取相关数据,应用SPSS分析工具进行数据分析,并进行假设检验。结果 得出情感价值感知是新生代群体文博文创消费需求的首要影响因素;文化价值感知是影响消费需求的关键因素;社会价值感知对文博文创消费需求具有重要影响;功能价值感知是必备而非显著性影响因素;价格价值感知基于新生代细分群体差异较大,对消费决策呈不同影响。结论 关注独特、共鸣、颜值与趣味交织的情感体验,满足基于文化认知、文化认同动机的文化探寻诉求,塑造自我价值与社交货币相互催化的社会价值感知,期待实现技术赋能下的“新文创”产品功能价值,构建满足价格预期与心理账户的文博文创产品层级体系,将对文博文创消费意愿提升具有显著影响。     

Fatigue analysis of a suspension for an in-wheel electric vehicle

Electrical vehicles (EVs) have a significant role in reducing transportation emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. This research has developed a high energy density in-wheel switch reluctance motor (SRM) drivetrain for a small car. The SRM drivetrains overcome the cost and availability issues associated with the permanent magnet motor (PMM), mostly used in EVs. However, the in-wheel SRM developed has an increased mass on suspensions when compared with an equivalent power output PMM drivetrain. Hence, the main aim of this paper is to assess the durability and life cycles for a small car suspension due to an increased mass. This fatigue study used a rain flow counting cycle method to generate damage and life matrix for the suspension. Using Plamgren-miner rule, the fatigue life cycles are predicted based on identified cumulative damages to the suspension.     

基于价值工程的可适应性评价方法

可适应设计是为适应用户需求不断变化、降低资源消耗而提出的一种新的设计方法,对产品的可适应性进行评价是其关键技术之一.在分析可适应设计原则及实现途径的基础上,给出了一种基于价值工程的产品可适应性的评价方法.该方法将产品的资源消耗总量、产品性能以及用户的使用环境等因素综合考虑,将用户使用产品后获得的效益与在完成这一系列任务时所消耗的资源量的比值作为评价产品可适应性的指标.通过该方法,可以选择使用户在产品的全生命周期内资源消耗量最少的产品设计方案.最后,将该可适应性评价方法用于高效圆柱齿轮机床的设计中,验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于KJ法对石兴菜市场服务模式的更新

目的 针对传统菜市场逐渐没落,甚至消失的处境,通过优化菜市场的空间设计,营造舒适干净的购物环境,构建新的服务模式,改善菜市场服务氛围,提高消费者的满意度与体验感,唤起菜市场的生活气息,激发菜市场的活力。方法 以东莞石排石兴菜市场为研究对象,针对其影响顾客在菜市场消费的体验感及满意度因素进行KJ法分析,测算出影响消费者服务体验感与满意度的主要因素。结果 对菜市场服务模式的优化提出改造设计方案及建设策略。结论 通过调整管理运营体系、改善环境质量、提高服务质量及保证食品质量安全等一系列方法来构建新的服务模式,营造和谐舒适的服务氛围,改善消费者的购物体验,促进消费者的消费支出,提升菜市场的竞争力与价值,为今后传统菜市场的服务模式优化与发展提供新的思路。     

基于货架寿命的乳制品配送车辆路径优化研究

目的 基于货架寿命对库存和配送进行优化研究,降低冷链过程中的乳制品损耗,保证乳制品的质量,降低企业成本,提高消费者的满意度。方法 考虑到货架寿命对配送的影响,在研究货架寿命的基础上,建立乳制品货损率与货架寿命的关系式。在时间窗约束下,以总成本最小为目标,分别构建未考虑货架寿命的配送车辆路径优化模型和考虑货架寿命的配送车辆路径优化模型,并通过改进遗传算法对2种模型进行求解分析。结果 对比2种模型的最优结果,发现在1个配送周期内,基于货架寿命配送的总成本比不考虑货架寿命的运输总成本低3.71%。结论 该研究在一定程度上可以为物流企业减少配送成本,提高企业的经济效益。     

基于顾客行为层次的价值分析与管理策略

目前从顾客行为角度强化顾客价值分析与管理,已成为现代企业赢得未来竞争的关键.本文深刻剖析了顾客价值的基本内涵,构建了顾客行为层次分析模型,并以此为基础,研究了基于不同类型顾客的价值管理策略.研究表明：本文所提出的理论分析模型与方法,可以有效探究各类顾客的顾客满意度、忠诚度和顾客价值之间的内在规律,对提高企业顾客价值分析和管理的科学化水平具有很强的现实意义.     

相似理论在高温气冷堆氦气压气机中的应用

根据相似理论推导出在不同工质条件下进行压气机模化试验的决定性相似准则数并加以敏感性分析,研究发现马赫数小于0．5时,绝热指数对模拟性能试验引起的偏差很小;在几何相似的基础上,只需使流量系数φ和压头系数ψ相等就能保证运动相似,从而保证模型与原型流动相似。研究发现氦气轮机部分工况下的低雷诺数会降低压气机气动性能和稳定性。在确定了压气机模化试验参数的基础上,由氦气压气机设计工况推导出使用空气进行模拟试验时压气机的特性曲线图,为氦气压气机的试验与优化设计提供了理论依据。     

考虑客户满意度的车辆路径优化研究

针对传统的车辆路径问题较少关注客户满意度的情况，以客户对服务时间和货物完好性的要求来衡量客户满意度，构建基于模糊时间窗的时间满意度函数和基于货损率的货物完好满意度函数，在此基础上以客户满意度最大和运输成本最小为目标建立优化模型，设计相应算例并利用LINGO17.0软件进行求解，与中小物流企业常用的扫描法进行对比验证模型的有效性。结果表明：利用LINGO17.0求得的优化结果与扫描法相比，虽然运输成本有一定增加，但相应的平均客户满意度提高了36.3%，建立的模型能较好地平衡客户满意度和运输成本，对于物流企业配送路径的决策优化有一定的参考价值。     

Improving Internationally Core Competences Based on the Capabilities of Precise and Accurate Project Management

Modern international project management has entered the phase of precise and accurate project management after the global financial crisis broke out at the beginning of the 21^st century. However, its development has faced new challenges since there has been lack of explicitly unanimous definition for the capability dimensions of precise and accurate project management, as well as the models and their process control parameters. The required core capabilities based on the precise and accurate project management for various rings are involved in the project life cycle, namely, the required internationally core competences and their components for the phases of project strategic planning and decision making in the early project phase, as well as the value engineering, and the project supervision and controls during the execution phase. Through studying the effects of the internationally core competences based on precise and accurate project management capabilities for the success and excellence of projects and configuring such models, the goal is to help the main contractors continuously obtain project success and excellence, thus improve its internationally core competences with continuous project success and excellence.     

基于生命周期阶段匹配的制造系统产品促销决策

利用原有产品及其后续产品的相似性,提出了一种确定产品所处生命周期阶段的匹配方法。该方法通过利用匹配算法提取现有产品的生命周期特征,与制造系统知识库的原有产品生命周期数据知识进行匹配,匹配后的数据可用于从知识库中获取适合现有产品的生产与营销决策,最后利用促销实例验证了其有效性。     

基于客户感知价值的客户细分研究

基于客户感知价值进行了客户细分的理论和实证研究,以物流公共信息平台为例提出依据客户感知价值进行客户细分的一般流程：首先利用文献查阅与问卷调查方法确定客户感知价值的驱动因素,接着利用因子分析法对驱动因素变量降维处理,然后利用聚类方法识别客户,再利用决策树方法寻找客户分类规则并分析各类客户特征。最后依据客户特征将物流公共信息平台的客户分为4类：高价值需求客户、中等价值需求客户、低价值需求客户与高性能需求客户,研究结果可以为不同企业实施客户细分提供借鉴和参考。