供应链临时价格折扣研究

建立了一个考虑货币时间价值的供应链临时价格折扣模型,利用非线性规划分别分析了折扣生效时库存为零和不为零两种情况下零售商的定价和库存策略,并利用数值算例作了说明.研究表明,考虑货币时间价值时,传统的EOQ模型失效,而本方法能够确定不同假定下零售商的最优运营策略.     

“公司+农户”型订单农业供应链的政府税收补贴机制

“公司+农户”是提高农产品供应链运作效率的一种重要模式,但是其中存在不信任问题,农户不会完全相信公司传递的市场信息。构建供应链博弈模型,研究应对农户不信任的公司信息传递和农户产能安排决策,分析农户不信任对供应链决策和农户利润等的影响。研究发现：1)农户不信任促使公司策略性地传递市场信息,如果公司比农户看好市场行情会传递缩小的信息,反之,会传递夸大的信息;2)农户会策略性地调节产能计划,如果公司比农户看好市场行情会扩大产能计划,反之,会缩小;3)公司的策略性信息传递和农户的策略性产能调节能够应对农户不信任对公司利润和农户产能安排的不利影响,但是农户不信任必然会引起农户利润偏差,使农户实际所得利润总是低于预期利润。

     

应对不信任问题的“公司+农户”供应链策略性决策研究

“公司+农户”是提高农产品供应链运作效率的一种重要模式,但是其中存在不信任问题,农户不会完全相信公司传递的市场信息。构建供应链博弈模型,研究应对农户不信任的公司信息传递和农户产能安排决策,分析农户不信任对供应链决策和农户利润等的影响。研究发现：1)农户不信任促使公司策略性地传递市场信息,如果公司比农户看好市场行情会传递缩小的信息,反之,会传递夸大的信息;2)农户会策略性地调节产能计划,如果公司比农户看好市场行情会扩大产能计划,反之,会缩小;3)公司的策略性信息传递和农户的策略性产能调节能够应对农户不信任对公司利润和农户产能安排的不利影响,但是农户不信任必然会引起农户利润偏差,使农户实际所得利润总是低于预期利润。     

Pricing decisions for a supply chain with refurbished products

This paper considers a supply chain consisting of a supplier and a retailer where a fixed portion of new products sold will be returned to the retailer and then be repaired and resold as refurbished products at a lower price. Using the utility model, we formulate how consumers will make their choices when facing both new and refurbished products. Then, using the divide-and-conquer method, we derive the supplier and retailer's equilibrium decisions, including the supplier's wholesale price and the retailer's prices for both the new and refurbished products. The main findings include the following. First, refurbished products will be sold in the market only when the refurbishing cost is small. In this situation, as the refurbishing cost increases, most of the negative impact on the retailer will be transferred to the supplier. Second, in the same condition, as the refurbishing cost increases, the wholesale price and retail price of the new product will change in opposite directions. This result contrasts with the traditional pass-through effect. Third, when the repair cost is moderate, the retailer will eventually not sell refurbished products, but its profit can be significantly improved and the double marginalisation effect can be mitigated.     

Contextualisation of the complexity in the selection of developing country outsourcees by developed country outsourcers

Outsourcing research has recognised that selecting the right offshore supplier (outsourcee) in low-cost distant developing countries is complex, but central to outsourcing success. More specifically, the combination of outsourcee contextual internal factors (e.g. capabilities) with outsourced-to country contextual external factors (e.g. political, legal, economic, socio-cultural) as two fundamental and interconnected decisions firms make when outsourcing remains an underexplored research gap. Therefore, through a rigorous three-tier qualitative approach we, firstly, develop a contextual Environmental Separation Index (ESI) decision tool to help outsourcing firms in making more informed decisions when selecting outsourcees and outsourcing locations. Secondly, we operationalise the ESI as intuitive and easy to use decision tool, yet with a provision to deliver a truly context proof outsourcee selection decision. Thirdly, we adopt a complexity theory lens to explain that narrowing the contextual outsourcer–outsourcee gap facilitates a mind-set shift in outsourcing relationships from hierarchies to networks and from controlling to empowering developing country outsourcees. We show from a complexity theory perspective how contextual separation gaps between developed country outsourcers and developing country outsourcees can be an effective way to grasp the evolutionary path of outsourcing relationships.     

短生命周期特征产品的二级供应链定价博弈分析

针对短生命周期产品的供应链利润最大化问题,建立并分析了二级供应链上制造商和销售商之间的非合作和合作定价博弈模型,得出供应链系统在成员合作情形下才能达到利润最大化的结论,并探讨了合作利润的分配机制,证明了在长期博弈中成员之间通过合作达到双赢的可行性。     

Supply contract design under price volatility and competition

This study analyses index-based contract designs and contract equilibria in a competitive setting. We consider a two-echelon supply chain consisting of two manufacturers and a retailer. Each manufacturer procures a commodity in a spot market and uses such a commodity to produce a product. The manufacturers initially choose either an index-based or fixed-price contract. Thereafter, the manufacturer that adopts an index-based contract designs the contract price on the basis of the spot and forward prices of its input commodity. Finally, the two products are sold through the common retailer. Our analysis indicates that an index-based contract provides a manufacturer with a contingent pricing mechanism, thereby enabling the contract price to respond to the spot price of its input commodity. If only one manufacturer adopts an index-based contract, then the contract price is designed to respond positively to the corresponding spot price, while the contract design constantly benefits the designer but may either benefit or hurt the rival and retailer. If both manufacturers adopt an index-based contract, then the contract price may be designed to respond negatively to the corresponding spot price. The reason is that the manufacturer intends to dampen competition by adopting an opposite contract price design. Further study shows that in equilibrium, both manufacturers consistently adopt an index-based contact if the spot prices are positively correlated. However, differentiated contract strategies may be optimal for manufacturers if the correlation is negative.     

Pricing decisions in closed-loop supply chains with marketing effort and fairness concerns

We investigate closed-loop supply chains (CLSCs) under four reverse channel structures where a central planner, a manufacturer (M), a retailer (R) or a third party (T), respectively, serves as the collector of used product and demand depends on R’s marketing effort. We derive supply chain profitability under both the centralised and decentralised CLSCs and furnish the optimal marketing effort, collection rate and pricing decisions for the supply chain members. We then extend the base models along two directions: the first extension incorporates R’s distributional fairness concerns into the M collection model and the second extension considers potential recycle cost advantages by R and T compared to the M collection model.     

一个考虑累进制数量折扣的单约束多商品订货模型

建立了一个考虑累进制数量折扣且具有空间约束的多商品订货非线性规划模型,提出了利用拉格朗日松弛法和二分法求解模型的优化方法,得到了零售商的最佳订货和定价策略,数值算例表明,零售商成本节省可以达到8%.该模型可指导企业优化运营决策,并可推广应用于有其它约束的情况.     

A pricing/ordering model for a dyadic supply chain with buyback guarantee financing and fairness concerns

The paper investigates pricing/ordering issues in a dyadic supply chain, in which a core supplier sells products through a budget-constrained retailer. The retailer faces stochastic demand and is fairness-concerned as well. If needed, the retailer can get financing support from bank by means of buyback guarantee financing (BGF) mode, which is often used in China. By introducing Nash bargaining solution as the fairness reference point, we formulate the retailer’s fairness-concerned utility function and develop a two-echelon pricing/ordering game model. We then study the combined impacts of fairness concerns and BGF on two members’ equilibrium strategies and supply chain performance. We also discuss the corresponding issues under no budget constraint, no financing service and bank financing. Our results show that: (1) two members’ equilibrium strategies are significantly influenced by the retailer’s fairness-concerned behaviour and initial budget; (2) as compared to no budget constraint, BGF can bring the whole supply chain more performance, which means that BGF can yield value-added; (3) When the retailer takes the risk of uncertain market solely, the retailer’s fairness concerns are beneficial for supply chain to improve the performance.     

Balanced and synchronized ordering in supply chains

This paper considers a supply chain with one supplier and multiple retailers in which base stock policies are practiced. Specifically, we consider two replenishment strategies: synchronized ordering and balanced ordering. We present compelling results to explain how the supplier may benefit from synchronized ordering under fixed order intervals and examine numerically the cost impact to the retailers under the two strategies. We also compare the results of synchronized ordering with randomized ordering times.     

企业横向并购中的供应链整合模型

横向并购作为企业快速扩张的模式已成为当代经济生活的重要内容。从基于成本协同的横向并购入手,研究了横向并购中并购企业所处供应链与目标企业所处供应链的整合问题,建立了具有模糊参数和随机参数的规划模型,给出了模型的求解方法。算例进一步验证了模型和求解思路的有效性,为实现并购后的供应链协同效应打下了理论基础。     

一类允许缺货物品的双边国际订购策略

分析了单制造商、两供应商的国际供应链中,制造商的原材料的双边最优订购策略.通过构造无风险投资组合的方法,建立了制造商制造项目的价值的一般模型并对模型求解;最后通过算例仿真验证了模型及解法的有效性.     

Data sampling technique (DST) for measuring surface waving

As the manufactured parts in aerospace and automotive industries tend to be larger and more complex, the inspection process becomes a difficult and timeconsuming one. To decrease inspection costs and time, the optimisation of the required Surface Sampling Points (SSP) is crucial. This paper describes a data sampling technique (DST) for the inspection of waving surfaces of parts. This technique provides the minimum number of SSP required to reconstruct accurately the waving surface. The developed DST comprises two steps: (1) trigonometric polynomial approximation of the curvilinear segments, at certain orthogonal sections on the waving surface, and (2) estimation of the critical frequency of the approximated waving sections, leading to the minimum number of SSP. The pilot implementation of the DST has been performed on a waving wing surface and has been tested using industrial data. The accuracy and the efficiency of the DST has been estimated through (1) the comparison of theoretical (CAD) profiles with the surface profiles measured using the current sampling method and with the ones derived using the developed sampling technique, and (2) the comparison of the sampling intervals extracted by DST and the ones extracted by analysing past measurements with Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT).     

制造企业数字孪生的数字化衍生机制与成熟度研究

本研究探索了制造企业数字孪生\"产力、算力、数力\"基础管理架构(构成、内涵、组成要素、职能等),剖析了基于数字孪生 4.0价值链内生的一体化流程框架和大数据函数DT模型.4.0价值链具备价值传导、迭代功能机制,赋能制造企业数字化供应链、产业链衍生拓展,制造企业通过DT产生大数据,基于此形成数字化产业链(4.0价值链、数字化供应链、移动增值服务MvaS链、需求链、空间平台链).通过对制造企业数字孪生衍生机制分析,创新性探索出数字化成长路径(数字孪生→4.0价值链→供应链→数字化产业链→数字经济),并综合性地设计与凝练出制造企业 5级数字孪生成熟度模型和算法.数字孪生重塑数字化管理理论范式,夯实数字时代基座(智能制造、数字工厂、数字企业、数字化产业链、数字经济等),对数字经济发展产生深远影响,具有重要研究和应用价值.     

按件供应模式应用研究

对进口件（即KD件）按件供应与成组供应模式进行了对比分析,结合按件供应在启动、运行期间的工作特点,对神龙公司按件供应管理模式进行了分析和探讨,分析了KD件按件供应中MRPⅡ与JIT的结合应用以及按件供应模式的信息组织方式,提出了缩短订货期、降低库存、提高市场需求响应度的具体建议,并在实际运用中取得了显著的经济效益和管理效应。