改性有机硅聚氨酯羊毛易护理整理剂的合成

介绍了一种自制的改性有机硅聚氨酯羊毛易护理整理剂的合成。最佳合成工艺为:烷羟基硅油封端剂合成温度65℃,合成时间120 min,烷羟基硅油聚合温度110℃,聚合时间120 min;聚氨酯预聚体反应时间60 min,反应温度70℃,R=1.6,硅油摩尔分子质量M=3 000 g/mol;烷羟基硅油聚氨酯预聚体共聚温度60℃,共聚时间120 min。     

水溶性封端型聚氨酯整理剂的应用研究及防皱机理的探讨

研究了水溶性封端聚氨酯丝绸整理剂的应用工艺，并探讨了其防皱机理。结果表明：经该整理剂整理织物的湿态弹性提高明显，耐久性好。     

封端型水性聚氨酯的合成

采用甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)和聚丙二醇-400(PPG-400)为原料制得聚氨酯预聚体,再以丙酮为溶剂,亚硫酸氢钠为封端剂,采用外乳化的方法,合成封端型水性聚氨酯交联剂乳液.探讨了异氰酸酯指数(R值)、预聚温度、预聚时间、封端剂用量及封端时间、乳化剂用量比例对合成效果的影响,最终得出封端型聚氨酯的最佳合成工艺.     

水溶性封端二异氰酸酯单体无甲醛抗皱整理

以亚硫酸氢钠封端异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)单体,得到水溶性封端IPDI抗皱整理剂,并将其用于棉织物抗皱整理,研究整理剂用量、焙烘温度、焙烘时间和聚乙二醇1000用量对织物性能的影响。优化的整理工艺为:整理剂110g/L,焙烘温度120℃,焙烘时间8min,聚乙二醇1000 20g/L;整理后,棉织物的折皱回复角可达182.5°。     

反应型水性聚氨酯固色剂的合成及性能

以二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)和N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)为扩链剂,通过封闭异氰酸酯端基(-NC0),合成了反应型水性聚氨酯固色剂.优化的合成工艺为:R值(-NCO与-OH物质的量之比值)为2.2,聚醚多元醇为PEG1000和PPG1000,比例为1:1,MDEA用量为预聚体质量的7.5%,DMPA用量为预聚体质量的3.40%,中和度为90%,端封-NCO预留量为30%;优化的固色工艺为:二浸二轧(整理剂80 g/L,轧余率75%)→预烘(47℃×3 min)→焙烘(150℃×3 min).试验结果表明,反应型水性聚氨酯固色剂应用于活性染料染色棉织物,可显著提高织物的色牢度.     

丙纶亲水整理剂的制备及应用

选用亲水性能优异的聚醚多元醇和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)进行预聚,再用有机硅烷偶联剂(APTES)进行封端改性,合成了硅氧烷化改性聚氨酯前驱体.采用红外光谱对合成过程进行表征,然后通过轧-烘-焙工艺将整理剂整理到丙纶织物上.试验结果表明,当溶胶浓度为200 g/L时,丙纶织物具有良好的亲水吸湿效果,并具有较好的耐久性.     

有机硅改性聚酯纤维亲水整理剂的合成及其应用

采用自制端羟基聚醚封端聚二甲基硅氧烷取代传统聚醚,与对苯二甲酸二甲酯、聚乙二醇、乙二醇通过酯交换、缩聚反应,合成出有机硅改性聚酯纤维亲水整理剂,其优化合成工艺条件为:w(PEG 2 000)为60%,w(端羟基聚醚封端聚二甲基硅氧烷)为10%(对反应物质量),Sb2O3为缩聚反应催化剂.将合成产物用于涤纶织物整理,结果表明:引入有机硅氧烷链段后,合成的有机硅改性聚酯纤维亲水整理剂整理的织物比传统聚酯纤维亲水整理剂整理的织物具有更好的柔软性及平滑性.     

有机硅改性聚氨酯抗起毛起球整理剂的合成及应用

以甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)、聚酯二元醇(PDHA)为原料,合成聚氨酯预聚体;再用聚氨酯预聚体与端氨基聚硅氧烷进行反应,合成有机硅改性聚氨酯抗起毛起球整理剂。通过单因素实验优化的合成工艺为:TDI与聚酯二元醇物质的量比2.2∶1,端氨基聚硅氧烷与TDI预聚体物质的量比1.1∶1,反应温度20℃,反应时间2 h。在整理剂用量为80 g/L、浴比为1∶20、160℃焙烘90 s的工艺条件下,整理织物的经向和纬向动摩擦系数分别由0.206、0.243降至0.170、0.188,经向和纬向的弯曲刚度分别由0.369和0.133 m N·cm降至0.215和0.109 m N·cm,抗起毛起球性能提高2~3级。     

纳米ZnO在丝织物抗皱整理中的应用

将纳米ZnO(氧化锌)作为催化剂,应用于水溶性聚氨酯对丝绸的抗皱整理.整理后真丝绸的回复角由200.3°提高到285.2°,且有较好的耐洗性和织物强力,白度基本保持不变.     

新型羊绒针织物抗起毛起球剂的合成及应用

采用聚碳酸亚丙酯二元醇(PPC)、聚四氢呋喃(PTMG)、聚酯二元醇作为聚氨酯预聚体软段原料,1,4-二羟基丙酸(BDO)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)作为硬段原料,以2,2-双羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)作为亲水性扩链剂合成聚氨酯预聚体,利用—NH2与—CNO的反应性接入三元嵌段硅油,制备出3种不同有机硅共聚水性聚氨酯羊绒针织物抗起毛起球剂,讨论了DMPA用量对整理剂性能的影响。并对3种不同聚氨酯软段合成的整理剂进行比较分析,结果表明:自制有机硅聚氨酯共聚物整理剂相对于传统单纯树脂整理或者硅油整理抗起毛起球效果提高了1~2级,并且在手感方面较传统整理剂有所改善,其中聚碳酸亚丙酯二元醇所代表的抗起毛起球剂性能基本介于聚醚和聚酯二元醇之间。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Detection of adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum by capillary electrophoresis and polarized light microscopy

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH₃CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH₂PO₄-20.6 mM Na₂B₄O₇ buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of 'true' positives and the elimination of 'false' positives.