体外预应力钢-混凝土组合梁混凝土有效翼缘宽度

采用有限元方法 ,研究了体外预应力作用下简支组合梁混凝土有效翼缘宽度 ,分析了剪力连接刚度对预应力组合梁有效翼缘宽度的影响和预应力增量的效应。同时对混凝土板收缩、徐变下 ,体外预应力组合梁的受力机理进行了讨论     

Long-term deflection of cracked composite beams with nonlinear partial shear interaction: I — Finite element modeling

In this paper, a uniaxial nonlinear finite element procedure for modeling the long-term behavior of composite beams at the serviceability limit state is presented. The finite element procedure follows a displacement-based approach. The nonlinear load-slip relationship of shear connectors as well as the creep, shrinkage, and cracking of concrete slab are accounted for in the proposed finite element procedure. The effects of creep and shrinkage of the concrete slab are considered only for uncracked concrete. The nonlinear iterative procedure adopted for tracking the nonlinear behavior of the composite beam implemented the total nodal deformations, not the incremental deformations, as the independent variables of any iteration. The results of the proposed finite element procedure were compared with the experimental results of four composite beams reported in the literature. The proposed finite element procedure was capable of predicting the deflections and stresses of the four beams with an acceptable degree of accuracy. A parametric study was conducted to study the effect of the nonlinearity of load-slip relationship of shear connectors and the cracking of the concrete deck on the long-term behavior of simply-supported composite beams.     

体外预应力混凝土简支梁剪切性能试验研究

为了研究节段式体外预应力混凝土梁的剪切性能,采用剪跨比、配箍率、接缝类型、体内外预应力筋配比等参数进行了13根整体式和14根节段式(胶接缝和干接缝)体外预应力混凝土简支模型梁试验。描述了模型梁箍筋应力、体外预应力筋应力、挠度随荷载变化规律,以及破坏裂缝形成过程和破坏形态;分析了剪跨比、体内外预应力筋配比、接缝位置和数量及类型对梁剪切性能的影响。研究表明,节段式体外预应力混凝土梁的剪切性能和整体式梁有很大差异,接缝决定着剪切破坏形态与破坏裂缝的形成、较大削弱了梁的抗剪承载力、明显增大了破坏裂缝的宽度和梁体破坏时的变形;配置体内预应力筋能有效改善体外预应力混凝土梁的剪切性能;整体式体外预应力混凝土梁的剪切性能和一般预应力混凝土梁也有一些差异。     

Effective width of steel–concrete composite beam at ultimate strength state

In a steel–concrete composite beam section, part of the concrete slab acts as the flange of the girder in resisting the longitudinal compression. The well-known shear-lag effect causes a non-uniform stress distribution across the width of the slab and the concept of effective width is usually introduced in the practical design to avoid a direct analytical evaluation of this phenomenon. In the existing studies most researchers have adopted the same definition of effective width which might induce inaccurate bending resistance of composite beam to sagging moments. In this paper, a new definition of effective width is presented for ultimate analysis of composite beam under sagging moments. Through an experimental study and finite element modeling, the distribution of longitudinal strain and stress across the concrete slab are examined and are expressed with some simplified formulae. Based on these simplified formulae and some assumptions commonly used, the effective width of the concrete slab and the depth of the compressive stress block of composite beams with varying parameters under sagging moments are analytically derived at the ultimate strength limit. It is found that the effective width at the ultimate strength is larger than that at the serviceability stage and simplified design formulae are correspondingly suggested for the ultimate strength design.     

活性粉末混凝土预应力叠合梁受弯性能非线性数值分析

针对活性粉末混凝土预应力叠合梁的受弯性能,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS,建立了活性粉末混凝土预应力叠合梁的三维有限元数值分析模型,对试验全过程进行了仿真模拟,并研究了主要参数(如:有效预应力,后浇层混凝土强度等级,后浇层纵向配筋率等)对叠合梁受弯性能的影响,为活性粉末混凝土预应力叠合梁的设计提供了参考。     

Behavior of steel-concrete composite cantilever beams with web openings under negative moment

The effect of web openings on the mechanical behavior of composite beams under negative moment was studied through monotonically loading tests. Nonlinear finite element method based analysis was also conducted for cantilever composite beams. The test and the finite element analysis results indicated that the initial cracking loads of composite beams with web opening are lower than that without web opening. The first crack initiated from the concrete slab on the top of the opening. The beams with web opening failed due to shear failure of concrete slab upon the opening. It was also found that the load carrying capacity of beam decreases with the increase of the moment-to-shear ratio at the central line of the opening and the mechanical behavior of beam can be improved significantly by applying stiffening steel plates around the opening. To quantify the reduction of load carrying capacity, a method for calculating the load carrying capacity of beams with web openings under negative moment was derived with consideration of the interaction between moment and shear. Good consistency was obtained between the proposed method, the finite element method and the test results.     

轻钢-混凝土组合梁的试验研究及非线性有限元分析

针对轻钢-混凝土组合梁这种新的结构形式,本文进行了六个试件的试验研究,分析了构件的破坏形式、荷载-位移曲线、荷载-应变曲线、钢材和混凝土的应变分布及板宽度方向应变分布等。通过试验研究,初步了解了轻钢-混凝土组合梁的特点和各种截面的粘结性能。采用组合梁单元模型,对轻钢-混凝土组合梁进行了非线性有限元分析,理论计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

矩形钢管混凝土组合桁梁负弯矩区受力性能试验研究

矩形钢管混凝土组合桁梁由混凝土板和矩形钢管混凝土桁架组成,在竖向荷载作用下,其正弯矩区可充分发挥混凝土板和桁架的组合作用,但负弯矩区的力学性能较为薄弱且受拉混凝土板容易开裂。针对这一问题,提出了在负弯矩区混凝土板施加预应力以及布置局部释放剪切作用的剪力钉相结合的组合桁梁结构形式。采用跨中施加反向集中荷载模拟连续梁支点反力的方法,对2榀承受负弯矩的矩形钢管混凝土组合桁梁进行了静力加载试验,对其荷载-位移关系、裂缝发展规律、混凝土板应变分布、桁梁荷载-应变关系、钢与混凝土界面滑移及承载力进行了分析。还根据组合桁梁的简化力学模型对不同加载阶段的结构特征荷载进行了讨论。结果表明：采用局部释放剪切作用的剪力钉和混凝土板施加预应力的组合桁梁结构形式可有效提高其抗裂性能,但对受弯承载力影响较小;在加载过程中混凝土板的开裂和杆件的屈服导致结构塑性变形增大,最终节点处焊缝撕裂,组合桁梁丧失承载力;由简化力学模型计算得到的结构特征内力与实测值吻合较好,可为矩形钢管混凝土组合桁梁负弯矩区的设计和计算提供参考。     

组合拱桥混凝土桥面板有效宽度研究

用于拱桥结构中的钢与混凝土组合梁,由于剪力滞效应的存在,同一截面上的混凝土桥面板不能完全相同地参与组合梁的受力。现行的设计规范中没有有关拱桥中组合梁混凝土桥面板有效宽度的规定,这对按梁格法分析组合拱桥的受力带来一定困难。本文结合对一带有连续组合梁的多跨拱桥进行的受力计算,研究了混凝土桥面板的应力在横桥向的分布规律,分析了混凝土桥面板有效分布宽度在纵桥向的变化情况,并讨论了荷载和结构细节变化对混凝土桥面板有效宽度的影响程度。     

侧扭屈曲的波形钢腹板钢筋混凝土连续组合梁的转动刚度

在负弯矩区,连续组合梁将达到由腹板刚度以及混凝土板和剪力连接刚度所产生的侧扭屈曲的极限状态。这3种刚度构成了组合梁的转动刚度。EC4在平面钢腹板组合梁中定义了这种刚度,但对于波形钢腹板组合梁结构中的刚度尚未有结论性研究。文中提出了一个公式,并基于以下几点来对波形腹板型材组合梁的转动刚度进行评估:1)倒U框架模型的4种代表性的试验结果;2)使用ANSYS有限元软件对数值模型进行构建和标定;3)68个数值模型的计算过程。在这些模型中,研究人员试图改变影响转动刚度的所有参数,例如腹板高度和厚度、平板的大小与类型(混凝土板或组合板)、横截面的剪力连接件的数量以及连接件的纵向间距。     

Rotational stiffness of continuous composite beams with sinusoidal-web profiles for lateral-torsional buckling

In the hogging bending moment region, continuous composite beams are subjected to the ultimate limit state of lateral-torsional buckling, which depends on web stiffness as well as concrete slab and shear connection stiffnesses. These three stiffnesses compose the rotational stiffness of composite beams. Eurocode 4 defines this stiffness in composite beams with plane webs, but there are no conclusive studies on the stiffness of composite beams with sinusoidal-web profiles. This paper presents a formulation to evaluate the rotational stiffness of composite beams with sinusoidal-web steel profiles presented based on (a) test results for four representative prototypes of the inverted U-frame model, (b) the development and calibration of a numerical model using the ANSYS commercial finite element software, and (c) the computational processing of sixty-eight numerical models. In these models, the researchers attempted to vary all the parameters that could influence the rotational stiffness, such as web height and thickness, slab size and type (concrete or composite), number of shear connectors in the cross-section and longitudinal spacing of connectors.     

A beam finite element including shear lag effect for the time-dependent analysis of steel–concrete composite decks

The paper presents a beam finite element for the long-term analysis of steel–concrete composite decks taking into account the shear lag in the slab and the partial shear interaction at the slab–girder interface. Using the displacement approach, beam kinematics is developed from the Newmark model for composite beams with partial shear connection; warping of the slab cross section is caught with the product of an established function which describes the warping shape, and an intensity function that measures the warping magnitude along the beam axis. Time-dependent behaviour is considered through an integral-type viscoelastic creep law for the concrete. The numerical solution is obtained by means of the finite element method and a step-by-step procedure for evolution in time. A refined, locking free, 13-dof beam finite element is derived considering second and third order hermitian polynomials in order to ensure consistent interpolation of the displacements. The convergence test results and comparisons with the experimental results of composite beams subjected to sustained loads demonstrate the precision of the proposed method. Further applications to realistic cases show the accuracy of the proposed element and its ability to describe the elastic and the time-dependent behaviour of bridge composite decks.     

钢-混凝土组合桁架梁研究综述

钢-混凝土组合桁架梁(SCCTG)是在普通组合梁的基础上发展起来的一种新型构件,通过剪力连接件将混凝土板和钢桁架形成整体共同工作。钢-混凝土组合桁架梁与普通组合梁相比具有经济性好、抗弯刚度大、承载力大等优点。在总结SCCTG在国内外应用和研究的基础上,重点介绍了关于SCCTG在计算模型、有限元分析、剪力连接件推出试验和翼缘有效宽度等方面取得的成果。为SCCTG在我国的进一步研究、设计及应用提供参考。     

Factors governing the shear response of prestressed concrete hollowcore slabs under fire conditions

This paper presents results from numerical studies on the effect of critical factors governing the shear response on prestressed concrete (PC) hollowcore slabs exposed to fire. A validated three dimensional finite element model is applied for evaluating failure of fire exposed prestressed concrete (PC) hollowcore slabs under different limiting states, including through shear. This model accounts for temperature induced property degradation in concrete and prestressing strands, cracking in concrete, varying fire exposure, loading and restraint conditions. The factors varied in the parametric study include, slab depth, load level, loading pattern, axial restraint, level of prestressing, and fire scenario. Results from parametric studies show that slab depth, load level, loading pattern, axial restraint, level of prestressing and fire scenario have significant influence on the fire response of PC hollowcore slabs, and failure under these conditions can occur through shear limiting state prior to reaching flexural limiting state. Results from parametric studies are further utilized to propose a simplified approach for evaluating shear capacity PC hollowcore slabs under fire conditions.     

部分预应力钢-混凝土连续组合梁负弯矩区裂缝宽度试验研究

本文根据18根部分预应力钢-混凝土组合梁负弯矩区的受力性能试验研究结果,探讨了负弯矩区裂缝产生与发展的规律。试验表明,影响裂缝宽度的主要因素为负弯矩区综合力比Rp、剪力连接件间距p和钢梁与混凝土板的相对高度比hs/hc:Rp和hs/hc越小,裂缝宽度越大;p越小,裂缝宽度越小。根据试验结果,本文建立了部分预应力钢-混凝土连续组合梁负弯矩区裂缝宽度的经验计算公式,形式上与现行的混凝土结构设计规范建议的受弯构件裂缝宽度计算公式统一。     

波形钢腹板体外预应力组合梁正截面承载力及应力分布特征研究

为研究预应力状态下波形钢腹板组合梁的截面应力分布特征,设计制作2根波形钢腹板组合梁,在预应力筋张拉过程中研究了预应力对组合梁受弯截面应力分布特征的影响,通过正截面受弯试验对试件塑性承载力先进行测定;对体外预应力组合梁正截面承载力进行了理论分析;利用有限元分析软件,对与试件同类型的波形钢腹板体外预应力组合梁的塑性受弯承载力进行了参数分析,研究了腹板高度和混凝土强度对正截面承载力的影响。结果表明：预应力对此类构件的翼缘应变变化量影响较波形钢腹板的大约2~3倍;预应力损失对截面中性轴位置变化影响可忽略不计;施加预应力将使波形钢腹板组合梁的受弯承载力提高约30%,腹板高度等参数与此类结构跨中截面承载力呈线性关系;理论值与有限元模拟结果吻合良好,验证了所提出正截面承载力理论的准确性。     

弯扭作用下组合梁的非线性分析

对扭矩作用下型钢-混凝土组合梁的性能进行研究,如建筑或桥梁中的曲杆。设计规范和实际设计中常忽略扭矩作用下钢梁与混凝土板的组合效应。采用有限元软件ABAQUS,建立三维有限元模型,考虑部分剪力连接的影响,模拟弯扭作用下型钢-混凝土组合梁性能。考虑材料非线性和几何非线性,选用块单元和桁架单元进行模拟。以跨度、剪力连接水平等为参数,进行参数研究。分析发现了一个新现象,并通过试验验证。这个现象称为"扭转引起竖向滑移",它使假定平面构件发生弯曲。跨度对型钢-混凝土组合梁的弯曲-扭转效应的影响很大,而部分剪力连接却没有影响。最后,提出了设计模型。     

预应力作用下组合梁混凝土法向应力分析

针对在混凝土翼板中设置后张预应力的连续组合梁,提出由分担预加轴力、主弯矩和次弯矩产生的混凝土法向应力计算公式,主要分析施加于混凝土翼板的预应力通过剪力键向钢梁传递的力学模型,建立混凝土翼板承担的预压力沿梁纵轴的分布函数和理论解,求得考虑剪力键柔性的混凝土法向应力计算公式,作为组合梁抗裂设计依据。     

预应力扁梁-密肋楼盖体系张拉测试及分析

对预应力扁梁-密肋楼盖体系在预应力张拉过程中楼板的变形、预应力混凝土梁的变形和应变进行了现场测试和分析,运用有限元程序对结构的预应力施工过程进行了模拟分析,讨论了预应力扁梁-密肋楼盖体系的预应力效应的建立,指出预应力效应的建立受到楼板平面内刚度的影响。     

考虑剪力连接件刚度的钢-混凝土组合梁有限元分析

钢 -混凝土组合梁剪力连接程度是依据截面极限状态的抗弯强度定义的 ,即使是完全抗剪连接 ,组合梁的混凝土板与钢梁之间仍存在滑移。采用有限元分析 ,构造了混凝土板 -连接单元 -钢梁的组合梁有限元计算模型 ,推导了混凝土与钢梁界面有限元连接单元刚度系数 ,分析了不同剪力连接程度组合梁的受力与变形特性 ,研究了剪力连接程度对挠度和混凝土翼缘有效宽度的影响 ,并对照已有的试验数据和相关规范进行分析比较。