压焊

钛爆炸焊时喷射到间隙中的颗粒燃烧的可能性[俄]，磁脉冲电阻焊过程研究／[俄],管板单边电阻点焊过程预压接触分析,SbN4陶瓷／Nb／Cn／Ni／Incone1600界面反应层形成机制研究,[编者按]     

铝合金电阻点焊的形核特点

在铝合金的电阻点焊过程中，由于接触电阻具有随机性和分布不连续的特征，而且铝合金材料本身具有优良的导电、导热能力，这使得其点焊的形核过程具有独特的特点。文中采用数值模拟与试验研究相结合的方法对铝合金点焊形核过程进行了分析研究。研究结果表明，铝合金点焊的形核过程与低碳钢等材料的形核过程显著不同，它可以分为以下三个阶段：随机形核阶段、扩展融合阶段和熔核增厚阶段。文中详细介绍了每个阶段的特点和规律。特别是在工频交流焊接的情况下，前两个阶段一般在第一个半波内就已经完成，因此第一个半波对铝合金点焊的焊接质量起着决定性作用。结合这些特点和规律对铝合金点焊的控制提出了一些有价值的建议。     

基于稳定分布的铝合金点焊接触电阻

接触电阻是电阻点焊熔核形成与数值模拟的重要参数,决定着点焊质量.采用电阻点焊接触电阻的计算模型与统计分析相结合的方法,通过模型计算工件/工件、工件/电极之间的接触电阻,并将其作为统计抽样检验的数据,研究接触电阻的分布规律.文中采用稳定分布去拟合工件间的接触电阻,并利用非参数统计Dn方法对拟合曲线进行检验.结果表明,所建立的计算模型正确,同时选用的稳定分布函数能更好的拟合工件间的接触点电阻,它们对研究电阻点焊有着重要的理论意义和实用价值.     

分形理论及其在电阻点焊中的应用前景

介绍了分形理论，探讨了其在电阻点焊中的应用前景。分形理论包括分形的基本概念、分形理论的发展、3个分表维数的概念度计算。分形在点焊中的应用包括电极间接触电阻的确定、熔核形成过程中的相变及搅拌运动、点焊中特征信号的提取。     

铝合金点焊电极端面铜铝合金化热物理模拟

针对铝合金电阻点焊过程中出现的电极烧损及使用寿命短的问题,采用物理热模拟的方法,从点焊电极端面铜铝合金化的组织、成分和性能等方面进行了铝合金点焊电极端面铜铝合金化反应的行为和条件研究。研究结果表明:电极端面与工件接触界面发生铜铝合金化反应是铝合金点焊电极烧损的主要原因;铝试样端面生成了C u Al4和C u Al2,铜试样端面主要是C u Al2和少量的C u9Al4,且铜铝扩散层的硬度高于铜基体和铝基体。     

铝合金电阻点焊中电极点蚀的形成机制

建立了铝合金电阻点焊过程数值模拟的有限元分析模型,考察了焊接过程中电极与试件界面上接触半径的变化,以及电极尖端表面上电极压力、电流密度和温度的分布.结果表明:所考察的焊接条件下,接触半径在焊接过程中逐渐增大,电极端面的中部温度最高,而电极压力和电流密度均在接触区边缘集中.实验研究发现电极表面上最初的点蚀部位呈环形,其半径与接触区半径基本一致,由此推断,环状电极点蚀主要是接触区边缘明显的应力集中所致.为减少电极点蚀提高电极寿命,电极的形状设计应使电极与工件接触界面上的应力集中尽可能减小.     

两种铝合金的点焊组织模拟与试验分析

AA754和AA6082是两种具有不同强化机制的铝合金材料,在电阻点焊加热过程中,两种铝合金材料的组织会发生不同类型的转变.通过采用不同的计算模型,使用有限元软件对两种铝合金点焊后不同焊接组织的分布进行了模拟和预测.通过焊接试验研究,对两种铝合金的点焊组织的形态和分布进行了观察.结果表明,所采用的两种计算模型可以有效的预测和反映出两种铝合金点焊组织变化过程中的一些现象.仿真结果和试验结果都显示出两种铝合金的点焊组织有着明显不同的特征.     

铝合金电阻点焊工艺设计智能化

采用集成基于事例推理，模糊推理，模糊神经网络(FNN)等多种人工智能推理技术，建立了铝合金电阻点焊工艺参数设计系统。选取导电率、屈服强度等材质的物理参数为电阻点焊工艺参数求解模块入口参数，更加符合铝合金电阻点焊过程的物理本质；引入规范强度参数，使铝合金电阻点焊焊接参数的选择更加灵活；在此基础上建立FNN铝合金电阻点焊工艺焊接求解模型，提高系统求解的智能性及其学习能力。在铝合金电阻点焊过程数值模拟的基础上，以铝合金电阻点焊焊接参数数值模拟作为已有的铝合金电阻点焊工艺参数库的补充，丰富了神经网络的训练样本，增强了系统的泛化能力。系统应用实例表明可以满足铝合金电阻点焊工艺参数设计要求。     

电极点蚀形貌对铝合金电阻点焊的影响

采用有限元分析和物理模拟相结合的方法,研究了环形和孔形两种电极点蚀形貌对铝合金AA5182电阻点焊的影响.结果表明,环形点蚀使两试件间接触半径增大,电流幅值基本不变而峰值略外移,所得熔核直径略有增大;孔形点蚀使试件间接触半径增大更为显著,电流密度降低,且由于此时界面中部没有电流流过,材料不能熔化,只能形成环形熔核.孔形点蚀使点焊接头强度大大降低,其对接头强度的不利影响远大于环形点蚀.     

电极形状对异种不等厚铝合金电阻点焊接头形貌的影响

为了准确预测异种不等厚铝合金电阻点焊熔核尺寸及表面形貌,本文综合考虑电阻点焊过程中电极与工件、工件与工件间接触面积的动态变化以及材料力学性能对接触电阻的影响,建立了较为完善的电阻点焊有限元模型,研究异种不等厚铝合金电阻点焊熔核形成机理以及电极圆角半径对接头形貌的影响规律.结果表明:熔核最先在焊点边缘形成,然后向中心扩展...     

Prediction of nugget development during resistance spot welding using coupled thermal–electrical–mechanical model

Abstract

An axisymmetric finite element model employing coupled thermal–electrical–mechanical analysis of resistance spot welding is presented. The welding parameters considered include: heat generation at the faying surface and the workpiece–electrode surface; Joule heating at the workpiece and the electrode; and the thermal contact conductance between the electrode and the workpiece. The latent heat of phase change due to melting is accounted for. The effect of friction coefficient on the workpiece interface is also studied. The computed results agree well with the experimental data. Heat generation at the faying surface in the initial stages of welding dominates the nugget development, and Joule heating at long times governs the weld nugget growth. A parametric study is carried out for the nugget growth with specific consideration of resistance spot welding of Al alloys. Process control and modelling of resistance spot welding of Al alloys is more difficult than that for steel because of their high electrical and thermal conductivity and low melting point.     

Estimation of current path area during small scale resistance spot welding of bulk metallic glass to stainless steel

Abstract

The current path area is a significant factor in estimating the temperature distribution via numerical modelling for resistance spot welding. This paper presents a method for the estimation of the current path area at the faying surface during small scale resistance spot welding between bulk metallic glass and stainless steel. Observation of cross-sections and fracture surfaces reveals the welding process at the faying surface for both dissimilar and similar welding. The equipotential surface that depends on the difference between the contact area of the electrode-to-sheet and sheet-to-sheet interfaces is estimated by numerical modelling. The current path area at the faying surface is estimated by measuring the electric potential between the sheets, taking into account the current distribution.     

Effects of electrical current on transport processes in resistance spot welding

Abstract

The effects of alternating current (ac) and direct current (dc) on cooling rate, solute distribution and nugget shape after solidification, which are responsible for microstructure of the fusion zone, during resistance spot welding, are realistically and extensively investigated. The computer program developed by Wang and Wei is used to predict transport variables in workpieces and electrodes during heating, melting, cooling and freezing periods. The model accounts for electromagnetic force, heat generations at the electrode/workpiece interface and faying surface between workpieces, and dynamic electrical resistance including bulk resistance and contact resistances at the faying surface and electrode/workpiece interfaces, which are functions of hardness, temperature, electrode force and surface condition. The computed results show that in contrast to dc, using ac readily produces the nugget in an ellipse shape. Deficit and excess of solute content occur in a thin layer around the boundary and interior of the nugget respectively.     

铝合金电阻点焊中点蚀环形成的数值分析

为减少电极点蚀,提高电极寿命,建立了铝合金电阻点焊过程数值模拟的有限元分析模型,利用大型软件ANSYS Workbench考察焊接过程中电极表面温度、电流密度、电极压力的分布情况.结果表明:在电极与工件接触区的边缘处存在电极压力和电流密度集中区,并且此处存在明显的高温现象.由此推断,电极表面上点蚀环的形成主要是由于电极...     

电阻点焊熔核形成过程磁流体动力学分析

引入磁流体动力学理论,采用解析方法对电阻点焊熔核形成过程中电场、磁场、热场、流场及其相互耦合进行了系统的分析,揭示了点焊熔核形成过程中各物理场的特征,以及它们相互作用对熔核内熔化金属流动的影响规律.研究发现,在焊接电流及其感应磁场相互作用产生的磁场力的作用下,熔化金属磁流体仅仅在通过电极轴对称轴的对称平面内绕四个核心做旋转运动,并且金属流动开始于结合面,最大速度也出现在结合面上.这为进一步通过有限元方法深入研究电阻点焊熔核形成多物理场耦合过程提供了重要的简化依据.     

Effects of electrode contact condition on electrical dynamic resistance during resistance spot welding

This study systematically investigates the effects of electrical resistance at the workpiece/electrode interface or electrode face on temperature dependent dynamic resistance during resistance spot welding (RSW). To evaluate temperature transport equations of mass, momentum, energy, species and magnetic field intensity in workpieces, the energy and magnetic equations in the electrode are solved. Contact resistances composed of constriction and film resistances are functions of hardness, temperature, electrode force and surface conditions. The results show that dynamic resistance is complicated due to different variations of film and constriction resistances with temperature at not only the faying surface but also the electrode face in the early stage, i.e. shorter than around 3 cycles. Dynamic resistance in this stage is fortunately insignificant to transport processes. When the power is off, dynamic resistance depends on competition between decreased bulk resistance and increased constriction resistance at the electrode face. Decreased constriction resistance at the electrode face reduces dynamic resistance and temperature.