基于三层卫星网络的星间链路性能分析

星间链路性能分析是建立星间通信的基础。以包含GEO卫星、IGSO卫星和MEO卫星的三层卫星网络为例,仿真了三层卫星网络层间卫星星间距离的变化范围。在设定星间传输体制、链路参数、传输损耗等条件下,分别分析了该三层卫星网络的GEO-IGSO、GEO-MEO和IGSO-MEO三种链路在Ka频段和激光频段的性能。结果表明,在Ka频段,0.5m天线仅需5W的发射功率,可以满足2Mb/s以上的星间数据传输率;激光频段仅需0.5W的发射功率,直径0.25m的天线,可以达到2Gb/s以上的星间数据传输率,激光链路更有利于星间链路性能的提高。研究结果在未来三层卫星网络建立星间链路时,为卫星的发射功率、天线直径和星间链路数据传输速率等方面的选择提供了参考。     

中继卫星与用户航天器之间星间链路的研究

中继卫星在地球同步静止轨道上运行,既能直视中低轨道用户航天器,又能直视地面站,是沟通用户航天器与地面站的桥梁。如果考虑中继卫星星座,则中低轨道用户航天器基本上在中继卫星星座的覆盖范围内,因此只考虑单颗中继卫星与用户航天器之间的星间链路情形。中继卫星与中低轨道用户航天器之间的星间链路可以用中继卫星与用户航天器之间的时间窗口个数、平均时间窗口长度、最大和最小的时间窗口长度等参数描述。利用STK,采用模拟仿真的方法,分析了中继卫星与用户航天器之间的星间链路特性。     

基于地面站的星间链路全网测试技术

星间链路是我国自主导航系统的重要技术支撑,基于相控阵天线的并发空分时分双工(CSTDD,Concurrent Spatial Time Division Duplexing)组网体制为星间链路的实现提供了一种可行途径,该体制通过指向性天线形成窄波束切换指向来实现对整个空域的复用,通过单条链路半双工方式工作实现卫星之间的双向通信,从而实现整个星间链路采用同一频点。在全星座组网未完成的情况下如何对星间网络的全网性能进行有效测试是一个技术难题。星间链路全网测试技术旨在利用星间链路CSTDD体制的特点,利用单台地面站设备,对星间链路CSTDD体制的全网性能进行测试。详细介绍了星间链路CSTDD体制的特点,提炼出了星间链路的测试需求;并根据CSTDD体制特点,依托单台地面站设备,组成星间链路测试设备;产生指定数量的虚拟卫星,和空中的被测试卫星组成星间链路网络,完成了星间链路物理链路、测量数据、通信数据的测试,为组建我国自主导航系统提供了技术支撑。     

基于星间链路技术的GEO卫星定轨精度分析

地球静止轨道(GEO)卫星具有对地静止的特性,GEO 卫星应用日益增多,在高分辨率对地观测、气象、通信等领域都发挥着越来越重要的作用,对其轨道确定的需求也越来越高,研究GEO卫星的高精度定轨技术迫在眉睫。传统方法中利用地面站对GEO卫星实现实时自主定轨存在系统误差大、观测几何差等问题,导致星地测量的误差在定轨过程中被放大的倍数急剧增加,影响了GEO卫星定轨精度的提高。利用GPS卫星实现对GEO卫星的定轨时存在可见GPS卫星数量少,接收到的信号微弱,测量精度不够的问题。星间链路具有对GEO卫星观测几何好、测量精度高的优点,为GEO卫星定轨开辟了新思路。针对在星间链路资源有限情况下如何选择MEO卫星组合与GEO卫星进行建链的问题,以星间链路构型的PDOP值为优化指标,对MEO卫星对PDOP值的影响进行了分析,提出了遍历选星、直接选星、迭代选星三种链路资源配置策略,确定与GEO卫星进行建链观测的MEO卫星组合,并用仿真方法对三种算法进行验证,结果表明,提出的迭代选星的链路资源配置策略,能将GEO卫星的定轨精度维持在7~40m以内,同时将星间链路的使用效率提高5~120倍。     

星间链路监控的建模与仿真

卫星将是现代战场获取情报的主要来源.通过与数据中继卫星构建星间链路转发信息的方式,卫星可以实时传递战场情况.根据卫星轨道递推、卫星通信和实施链路监视的可行性原理,提出了一种星间链路监视模型,该模型通过对卫星轨道递推的仿真以及星间链路监视的几何构型要求,能够对可监视的目标卫星之间的星间链路进行时间预报和角度预报,为干扰和控制星间链路提供数据支持.还进一步论述了两种不同方式的轨道递推方法之间的结果差异,并就轨道递推精度对监视时间和卫星高低角方位角的影响进行了讨论.     

LEO、MEO卫星网络星间链路图两种新表示方法的提出与实现

国内外现有的LEO、MEO卫星网络星问链路图都以纯图形的表示方法给出，在卫星网络系统路由选择、系统性能分析及管理的研究中发现，图形化的表示方法难以满足分析问题的需要，尤其是当卫星数量增加和多高度卫星星座联合组网时，图形杂乱难以辨认．针对上述问题提出用抽象的图表示卫星星间链路的思想；提出了星间链路图抽象表示的原则；提出了卫星星问链路图两种新的表示方法。其一是基于极点扩张的星问链路图表示方法，其二是基于卫星轨道特征的星间链路图表示方法，并用C＋＋设计了实现这两种表示方法的软件．软件运行结果表明，卫星星问链路图两种新的表示方法切实可行、具有应用价值．     

中继卫星星间链路的天线资源分配策略研究

中继卫星的数据传输主要是合理分配其星载天线资源接受各类数据并进行传输,为了提高接收多用户航天器数据的速度和实时传输能力,需要对星间链路的建立及天线资源分配等相关问题进行研究.首先对中继卫星与用户航天器之间建立星间链路的平台可见性条件进行了分析,提出了计算平台可见的一种简单算法.重点研究了中继卫星用于与多用户航天器之间建立星间链路的天线资源分配问题,提出了中继卫星天线资源分配策略,建立了相应模型并给出了求解算法.最后利用Matlab进行仿真,仿真结果表明所建模型及所提出的几种算法是合理的,可以为中继卫星的任务规划提供服务.     

一种基于GEO/MEO星层组网的卫星网络抗毁路由研究

提出一种新的基于GEO/MEO星层组网的抗毁路由算法（DRRA）,基于分群管理、群首备份、链路冗余、链路修补的星座结构.在基于卫星移动的动态卫星网络中,在数据包路由抗毁、数据包路由最短延时等方面具有优势.这主要在于：①在充分考虑该卫星网络结构特点的基础上采用卫星分群管理和群首备份机制,以减少网络中冗余信息的流动和对特定中心节点的依赖;②在充分考虑卫星网络运行环境复杂与恶劣的基础上采用星间链路冗余、星间链路修补方案,以降低网络中星间链路失效和/或卫星节点失效对整个卫星网络通信性能的影响.     

基于路由需求的空间信息系统星地链路及星间链路特征分析

有效的路由算法是空间信息系统需要解决的核心技术之一。由于卫星网络的拓扑结构的变化,空间信息系统的路由算法应充分考虑到星间、星地链路连通性特征及卫星网络的拓扑结构演化规律。分析了空间信息系统卫星网络体系结构,研究了星间、星地链路的几何特性,并利用STK仿真软件对星间、星地链路的性能进行仿真,通过分析仿真结果得到了某些星间链路、星地链路的链路连通性特性,进一步分析得到了空间信息系统信息传输网络拓扑结构的演化规律,其可为卫星链路的设计以及后续空间信息系统路由算法的研究提供一定的参考。     

多体卫星复合控制地面物理仿真试验系统

对于具有星间链路天线的多体卫星而言，进行星体姿态和天线指向复合控制的地面物理仿真试验研究是一个重要课题。本文主要叙述利用单轴气浮台模拟卫星姿态运动，由天线框架驱动机构实物连接组成多体卫星平面运动动力学环境下的物理仿真试验系统。     

中低轨道卫星星座网络动态特性研究

本文在介绍星间链路空间几何参数模型的基础上,从网络的角度研究了卫星星座网络的拓扑变化规律,主要是星间链路变化规律,分析了不同类型的星座模型对星间链路变化的影响。最后,结合卫星网络中的路由分析了这些变化对路由计算周期的影响。     

双天线测向信息辅助捷联惯导快速对准算法

为解决捷联惯导的快速高精度对准问题,给出了一种双天线测向信息辅助的惯导快速对准算法.介绍了双天线测向的基本原理,在此基础上给出了双天线基线安装误差的补偿方法.基于速度、位置、航向观测量,设计了快速对准卡尔曼滤波器,给出了具体航向量测方程.根据实测双天线测向误差特性进行了仿真分析.仿真结果验证了方法的有效性,4 min航...     

Design and experimental validation of a sliding-mode stabilizer for a ship-carried satellite antenna

This study designs a sliding-mode controller to stabilize the angular orientation of a ship-carried satellite antenna. The design process starts with calculating the pointing angle of the considered satellite antenna arm as opposed to given ship vibrations due to certain sea waves. This calculation is carried out by the method of Denavit–Hartenberg (D–H) transformation, which is followed by establishing a dynamic model of the satellite antenna system and platform using conventional kinematics modeling techniques. The resulted kinematics relationships are next used as the basis for designing a sliding-mode controller to maintain the antenna in a specified orientation as the ship pitches and rolls under the combined effects of wind and the sea’s waves. The effectiveness of the designed controller is investigated both numerically and experimentally. Both sets of results confirm the feasibility of the proposed control scheme. It is shown that the antenna converges to the required azimuth and elevation angles within 2?s and maintains the specified orientation as the ship continues to pitch and roll.     

Cisco ISL和IEEE802·1Q协议的分析、比较及应用

VLAN Trunk技术的作用就是让连接在不同交换机上的相同VLAN中的主机互通.对VLAN Trunk 的两种主要技术:Cisco ISL和IEEE 802.1Q协议进行分析、研究与比较,并用一个实例进行了实验验证.     

Data-Driven Heuristic Assisted Memetic Algorithm for Efficient Inter-Satellite Link Scheduling in the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System

Inter-satellite link (ISL) scheduling is required by the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) to guarantee the system ranging and communication performance. In the BDS, a great number of ISL scheduling instances must be addressed every day, which will certainly spend a lot of time via normal metaheuristics and hardly meet the quick-response requirements that often occur in real-world applications. To address the dual requirements of normal and quick-response ISL schedulings, a data-driven heuristic assisted memetic algorithm (DHMA) is proposed in this paper, which includes a high-performance memetic algorithm (MA) and a data-driven heuristic. In normal situations, the high-performance MA that hybridizes parallelism, competition, and evolution strategies is performed for high-quality ISL scheduling solutions over time. When in quick-response situations, the data-driven heuristic is performed to quickly schedule high-probability ISLs according to a prediction model, which is trained from the high-quality MA solutions. The main idea of the DHMA is to address normal and quick-response schedulings separately, while high-quality normal scheduling data are trained for quick-response use. In addition, this paper also presents an easy-to-understand ISL scheduling model and its NP-completeness. A seven-day experimental study with 10 080 one-minute ISL scheduling instances shows the efficient performance of the DHMA in addressing the ISL scheduling in normal (in 84 hours) and quick-response (in 0.62 hour) situations, which can well meet the dual scheduling requirements in real-world BDS applications.      

Compact sub‐6 GHz 5G‐multiple‐input‐multiple‐output antenna system with enhanced isolation

A compact two‐element multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna system with improved impedance matching and isolation is presented for future sub‐6 GHz 5G applications. The two identical tapered microstrip line fed modified rhombus‐shaped radiating elements are placed in the same orientation at a compact substrate area of 0.24λ₀ × 0.42λ₀ (where, λ₀ at 3.6 GHz) on a shared rectangular ground. A remodeled T‐shaped ground stub is placed between a pair of radiating element to achieve improved impedance bandwidth and isolation. Further, a split U‐shaped stub connected to center of each radiating element to achieve the desired resonant frequency of 3.6 GHz. The proposed antenna covers a ?10 dB operating band of 3.34 to 3.87 GHz (530 MHz) with more than 20 dB isolation between a pair of elements. MIMO performances are also analyzed and experimentally validated. The measured performances of a prototype are found in good agreement with simulated performances. Further, the simulation study is carried out to see the effect of housing and extended ground plane on two‐element MIMO antenna for practical application. An idea of realization of 12‐element MIMO is also studied using the proposed two‐element MIMO antenna.     

基于粒子群算法的单星干扰源定向方法

针对地球同步轨道通信卫星,提出了一种基于星载多波束天线的单星干扰源定向方法。该方法通过天线方向图函数建立干扰源的位置指向与天线增益的映射关系,结合波束中心指向信息和干扰信号在多波束环境下的强度分布,建立干扰信号链路计算的方程组,利用粒子群算法对其进行求解,并与基于二层搜索的最大似然算法进行比较。采用上述干扰源定向方法对地面干扰源进行了定向仿真,结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

Performance enhancement of nested hexagonal ring‐shaped compact multiband integrated wideband fractal antennas for wireless applications

In this paper, nested hexagonal ring‐shaped fractal antennas are designed and investigated which are different from each other in patch orientation. Initially, the multiband integrated wideband hexagonal nested ring antenna is designed (antenna‐I). To improve the multiband/wideband behavior, the patch orientation of antenna‐I is changed to ?60°/60° (antenna‐II), ?120°/120° (antenna‐III), and ?180°/180° (antenna‐IV). Antennas are designed on low cost FR‐4 glass epoxy substrate with relative permittivity of 4.4 and overall dimension 30 × 30 × 1.6 mm³. Comparison among antennas have been made and found that the antennas with negative orientation exhibit better results in terms of bandwidth, impedance matching, number of frequency bands, and gain. Designed antennas have been compared with each other and found that antennas‐II and III are better in performance as compared to antennas‐I and IV. Antenna‐II exhibits wider bandwidth of 1.26 (2.52‐3.78 GHz), 2.75 (4.03‐6.78 GHz), and 6.1 GHz (7.82‐13.92 GHz) with maximum gain of 7.14 dB. Similarly; antenna‐III exhibits the bandwidth of 340 MHz (1.92‐2.26 GHz), 820 MHz (3.04‐3.86 GHz), 4230 MHz (5.38‐9.61 GHz), and 3040 MHz (10.41‐13.45 GHz) with a maximum gain of 6.19 dB. Prototype of the designed antennas with satisfactory orientations are fabricated and tested for the validation of results. Simulated and measured results are also juxtaposed and observed in good agreement with each other. Antennas exhibit bidirectional and omnidirectional pattern in E‐plane and H‐plane, respectively, also the radiation efficiency of antennas are in acceptable range from 75% to 95%. Due to the wider bandwidth of designed antennas, they can be used for different wireless standards such as Advance Wireless Services AWS‐1, AWS‐2, AWS‐3, Wi‐MAX, WLAN, X‐band satellite communication, point‐to‐point wireless applications, ITU band, military satellite communication, television broadcasting, and military land and airborne systems.     

Agent-based load balancing routing for LEO satellite networks

To ensure an intelligent engineering of traffic over entire satellite networks, a distributed routing scheme for low-earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks, agent-based load balancing routing (ALBR), is presented. Two kinds of agents are used. Mobile agents migrate autonomously to explore the path connecting source and destination, to gather inter-satellite link (ISL) cost, identifier and latitude of visited satellites. Meanwhile, stationary agents employ exponential forgetting function to estimate ISL queueing delay, calculate ISL cost using the sum of propagation and queueing delays; evaluate path cost considering satellite geographical position as well as ISL cost, finally update routing items. Through simulations on a Courier-like system, the proposed scheme is shown to achieve better load balancing, and can especially decrease packet loss ratio efficiently, guarantee better throughput and end-to-end delay bound in case of high traffic load. Furthermore, results from the implementation complexity analysis demonstrate that with the aid of agent technology, ALBR has lower on-board computation, storage, signaling requirements than other on-board routing schemes.