语音编码抗信道误码保护算法

为了提高在高误码率窄带无线信道下的合成语音质量,提出了一种信源信道联合编解码保护的语音编码抗误码算法。该算法在编码端利用编码后的冗余度进行BCH编码和奇偶校验以保护对语音合成质量影响较大的参数;在解码端对清浊音参数采用分支判决和改进的最大后验概率算法进行恢复,在浊音帧对线谱对（LSP）参数进行基于信源信道联合特性的线谱对参数差错后处理,在清音帧采用BCH解码和前向替代。该算法在不消耗任何额外带宽且无算法延时的条件下可以显著提高语音编码抗信道误码能力和恶劣信道条件下的合成语音质量。仿真实验显示,在较高信道误码率下平均谱失真降低了25％～36．1％,平均意见得分（MOS）提高了12．33％。     

根据帧间运动特性的变尺寸宏块运动估计

提出了一种新的用于视频编码的变尺寸宏块运动估计方法。该方法通过粗尺度 16×16 的当前块和邻域块运动矢量之间的差值 S 判断场景运动的复杂度,再根据差值 S 和当前矢量,决定宏块尺寸。场景运动平稳的部分采用 16×16 的宏块,复杂的部分采用 8×8 或 4×4 的宏块。实验表明,低码率条件下,采用普通运动补偿算法,该变尺寸宏块运动估计方法的预测帧的平均 PSNR 值比常规的固定尺寸块运动估计约提高 1.1-2.7 dB,并显著降低了方块效应。     

基于编码模式的H.264/AVC视频信息隐藏算法

本文提出一种基于编码模式的H.264/AVC信息隐藏方法,通过调制某些宏块的编码模式,分别在Ⅰ帧、P帧和B帧中嵌入隐秘信息.对帧内4x4预测模式的宏块,是通过调整宏块中某个4×4块的编码模式嵌入隐秘信息;对P帧和B帧其它类型的宏块,则是通过调整宏块的编码模式嵌入隐秘信息,模式调整后对宏块做了优化处理.在模式调制过程中引入率失真代价,取得了较好的率失真平衡,减小了隐秘信息嵌入后对视频质量和视频码流的影响.该算法可以实现隐秘信息的快速提取,满足视频实时处理的要求,实验仿真结果证明了该算法的有效性.     

一种多视点视频编码的宏块模式快速选择新算法

分析了多视点视频编码中宏块模式的选择情况,提出了顺序可选宏块模式集的概念.比较分析了率失真代价最优宏块模式和最省时间可选宏块模式的搜索过程,讨论了编码宏块模式为最省时间可选宏块模式对率失真性能的影响,并在此基础上提出了基于顺序可选宏块模式集的快速宏块模式选择算法.实验结果表明,所提出算法在基本保持率失真性能的情况下,能明显降低宏块模式选择的复杂度,编码速度比多视点视频编码校验模型提高3.2倍到5.8倍.     

一种降低外存访问带宽占有率的无损压缩算法

高清、超高清视频编解码芯片结构设计中,原始图像帧和解码图像参考帧都存在外部存储器,外存访问带宽是系统设计的一大难题.通过图像压缩编码技术来降低图像冗余度,从而减小图像的存储容量和传输带宽.针对这一问题,提出了一种改进型无损图像压缩算法.与已有无损压缩算法相比,改进后算法以宏块为预测编码的基本单元,支持宏块随机访问;首先在预测部分加入块级预测与分层预测的自适应选择;然后在编码部分融入两种预测模式的半定长变长编码.实验结果表明,可降低带宽约50%.     

图像处理中的误差隐藏问题研究

视频信息必须经过压缩以便在低带宽信道上传输,而压缩数字媒体对无线信道误码十分敏感,容易发生传输错误,误差隐藏技术是弥补此类问题的方法之一。本文在对现有的误差隐藏处理方法分析的基础上,提出了一种基于模式选择的时空域误差隐藏技术。此方法不仅从时、空两方面考虑,分别应用时域取代法和加权内插空域法。还通过边界检测,区分了平坦型和边界穿越型两类宏块,减少算法复杂性。仿真实验表明,该方法可有效地抑制视频差错的扩散,取得较好的差错掩盖效果。     

纹理的HEVC编码块尺寸决策算法

针对高效视频编码(HEVC)帧内编码算法计算复杂度高的问题,提出了一种基于纹理的HEVC编码块尺寸快速决策算法.首先,提出了编码块四个方向的纹理复杂度衡量指标,再通过训练视频序列选取在不同量化参数(QP)下的最佳阈值,最后根据阈值判断当前编码块的纹理复杂度,纹理复杂度高的编码块跳过率失真(RD)代价的计算,纹理复杂度低的编码块将会终止划分.实验结果表明,在全帧内模式配置下,与HM10.0相比较,该算法的编码时间可缩短45.3%,同时BD-Bitrate(Bjontegaard Delta Bitrate)增加了1.27%,BD-PSNR(Bjontegaard Delta Peak Signal-to-noise Rate)减少了0.058dB;与GEC-LEC算法相比,编码时间可节省3%,BD-Bitrate增加了0.5%,BD-PSNR减少了0.023dB.     

视频编码中基于时空信息运动估计的研究

提出了一种基于视频图像的时间和空间相关性信息的运动矢量预测方法，由于相领两帧图像中的内容应具有相关性，图像中物体的运动轨迹也具有相似性，因此可以利用前一帧图像中宏块的运动矢量确定运动轨迹，进而估计当前宏块的运动矢量，但是这种运动估计是受限的，因为估计运动矢量时的宏块顺序是逐行的按先后顺充进行，在当前帧中，当前宏块预测时只能利用具有因果关系的相邻宏块，但其与相邻宏块并非都具有因果关系，因此给出了预测矢量的资格检验方法，用以判断和剔除伪预测矢量，在搜索过程中采用菱形搜索（Pyramid)，相邻的两次搜索过程，要去除两个重叠区域，上述算法减少计算量，对Suzie序列测试结果，平均搜索次数是14－17次，并且解码图像的信噪比PSNR与FS搜索相比降级不多。     

基于Cauchy分布的H.264优化比特分配及码率控制算法

为了提高图像质量和码率控制精度,提出了一种H.264优化比特分配及码率控制算法.该算法首先基于Cauchy分布得出简化的宏块层码率模型,并引入复杂度系数MAD和头信息比特率,使码率模型可随视频内容复杂伸缩;同时采用线性模型对失真度进行预测,通过Lagrange率失真优化来选择每个宏块的量化参数,最小化整帧的失真度以实现宏块层的优化比特分配.实验结果表明,该算法能在降低比特数估计偏差、更好地跟踪目标码率的情况下,获得更好的PSNR性能.     

一种用于MPEG-4形状编码的快速运动估计算法

提出了一种新的形状快速运动估计算法,用于加快MPEG-4视频对象的形状编码过程。该算法充分利用了邻近形状块的运动向量之间的相关性、边界形状块的匹配特性。与MPEG-4验证模型中的形状运动估计算法以及现有的改进算法相比,该算法大大提高了形状运动估计的速度,而形状的编码效率并没有降低。     

Full-field phase error compensation method based on relationship between unwrapped phase and phase error

The three-dimensional reconstruction in phase-measuring profilometry (PMP) usually involves the phase error caused by the gamma effect of the projector. In this study, the relationship between the unwrapped phase and the phase error of every pixel is analysed, and an effective full-field phase error compensation method based on this relationship is proposed for the reduction of every pixel error. In our optimized PMP system, the full-field phase error can be detected by directly fitting the unwrapped phase of the reference plane. In addition, the relationship between the unwrapped phase and the phase error can be established by creating a phase-error lookup table for the phase error compensation of every pixel. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in practical PMP, and the measurement errors can be reduced by a factor of least 10.     

电子天平原理及四角误差和线性误差的调修

介绍了电子天平两大类型传感器的结构、部件及工作原理,针对电子天平的四角误差和线性误差,分析了产生电子天平四角误差和线性误差的原因,从实际操作角度讲述了电子天平四角误差和线性误差的测量方法和调修方法,对电子天平的使用、检测、保养、维护有很大的帮助。     

一种基于EMD的系统误差分离方法

现有的测量误差分离方法大多需要预先确定误差的变化特征和基函数,而基函数的选取没有明确的标准.该文提出了一种采用自适应分解的经验模态法对周期较大的系统误差进行提取和自相关分析与经验模态相结合的分解法对周期较小的系统误差进行提取的方法.通过实际仿真结果表明,自相关分析与经验模态分解法不需要确定误差特征就能够成功分离系统误差与随机误差,达到了预期效果.     

A recipe to detect the error in discretization schemes

The necessity for a reliable measure of the discretization error arises in adaptive mesh refinement and in moving mesh adaptation. The present work discusses a detector of the discretization error based on the interpolation reconstruction of the operators. The technique presented here is named operator recovery error source detector (ORESD). Its main features are: First, the technique is based on the operators being discretized and does not require any user intervention or any a priori knowledge of the solution or its properties. Second, the ORESD is an a posteriori error indicator, but it is shown to be consistent with the a priori error provided by the modified equation approach. Third, the technique is based on the operators being solved and is tailored to the specific problem at hand. Four, the technique is simple and is based on a small stencil, resulting in a very inexpensive error detection. In the present work, the ORESD is derived and applied to two tutorial examples: divergence and gradient. With the aid of the two examples and using the general derivation, the ORESD is then applied to the gas dynamics equations. Two benchmarks are used to test the performance. First, a shock tube problem is solved (Sod's benchmark) in a Lagrangian and in a Eulerian frame. Second, the Colella's wedge problem is solved using CLAWPACK. Finally, the ORESD is applied to the 2D Poisson equation on a uniform and on a non‐uniform grid to test the application to elliptic problems. In all examples the operator recovery error source detector succeeds in detecting the real sources of error. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

GPS单点定位误差分析

采用GPS单点定位技术与PPP解算软件,研究在静态GPS单点定位实践过程中,如何处理观测时间与观测误差的关系,以更好地提高数据采集准确度,为实际工作提供帮助。     

Comparison of analytical error and sampling error for contaminated soil

Investigation of soil from contaminated sites requires several sample handling steps that, most likely, will induce uncertainties in the sample. The theory of sampling describes seven sampling errors that can be calculated, estimated or discussed in order to get an idea of the size of the sampling uncertainties. With the aim of comparing the size of the analytical error to the total sampling error, these seven errors were applied, estimated and discussed, to a case study of a contaminated site. The manageable errors were summarized, showing a range of three orders of magnitudes between the examples. The comparisons show that the quotient between the total sampling error and the analytical error is larger than 20 in most calculation examples. Exceptions were samples taken in hot spots, where some components of the total sampling error get small and the analytical error gets large in comparison. Low concentration of contaminant, small extracted sample size and large particles in the sample contribute to the extent of uncertainty.     

Angle digitizers with initial conversion error correction

Methods are considered for the manual and automated correction of the initial conversion error in single-readout and two-readout angle digitizers containing two-phase angle sensors of various designs. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 23–28, January, 2007.     

Concurrent error correction in unidirectional linear arrays

Abstract

A concurrent error detection and correction algorithm for errors caused by permanent, intermittent and transient faults in a unidirectional linear array is introduced. The fault model we assumed here is based on some unknown reasons and may affect a small area of the IC chip. The structure based on this time‐redundant technique is proposed. The simplicity of the adding circuitry to a normal linear array makes this structure very attractive in VLSI implementation. The error‐correction capability and the total processing time for an n operands k stages processes are also discussed.     

Generalized pointwise bias error bounds for response surface approximations

This paper proposes a generalized pointwise bias error bounds estimation method for polynomial‐based response surface approximations when bias errors are substantial. A relaxation parameter is introduced to account for inconsistencies between the data and the assumed true model. The method is demonstrated with a polynomial example where the model is a quadratic polynomial while the true function is assumed to be cubic polynomial. The effect of relaxation parameter is studied. It is demonstrated that when bias errors dominate, the bias error bounds characterize the actual error field better than the standard error. The bias error bound estimates also help to identify regions in the design space where the accuracy of the response surface approximations is inadequate. It is demonstrated that this information can be utilized for adaptive sampling in order to improve accuracy in such regions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.