生物柴油氧化安定性的实验室研究

用桐油生物柴油、棕榈油生物柴油和石化柴油以不同的比例混和分别放置在不同的条件下常温贮存3×30 d,对其氧化安定性进行考察,定时取样测其过氧化值、酸值、运动粘度。并对得出的变化规律进行总结分析,以求将双键较多的生物柴油应用的更加广泛。     

高氧化安定性植物基润滑油的制备与性能研究

以废弃大豆油为原料,通过水解、酯化和环氧化的化学改性手段制备得到三种环氧多元醇酯类润滑油基础油。采用差示扫描量热仪(PDSC)和旋转氧弹仪(RPVOT)分别对改性产物的抗热氧化能力进行了评价,同时还对改性产物的粘度、酸值、闪点、铜片腐蚀等理化性能进行了考察。结果表明,以废弃大豆油为原料化学改性制备得到的环氧多元醇酯类油具有更宽的粘度范围、较为优异的氧化安定性、良好的粘温性能、抗腐蚀性能及较高的闪点,是一类性能优良且环保的润滑油基础油。     

高氧化安定性植物基润滑油的制备与性能研究

以废弃大豆油为原料,通过水解、酯化和环氧化的化学改性手段制备得到三种环氧多元醇酯类润滑油基础油。采用差示扫描量热仪(PDSC)和旋转氧弹仪(RPVOT)分别对改性产物的抗热氧化能力进行了评价,同时还对改性产物的粘度、酸值、闪点、铜片腐蚀等理化性能进行了考察。结果表明,以废弃大豆油为原料化学改性制备得到的环氧多元醇酯类油具有更宽的粘度范围、较为优异的氧化安定性、良好的粘温性能、抗腐蚀性能及较高的闪点,是一类性能优良且环保的润滑油基础油。     

石油馏分不安定性组分脱除方法研究

选择氧化法精制催化裂化柴油,以过氧化氢和重铬酸钠作为氧化剂,建立以色号、胶质及氧化沉渣等性质作为评价催化裂化柴油安定性能的主要指标。从这些指标可以得出,氧化法是脱除催化柴油不安定组分的一种较好的方法；用外加电场加速油剂分离。连续实验表明,在一级沉降罐电场强度为1200V/cm、二级沉降罐电场强度为1600V/cm的操作条件下,油品实际胶质质量分数降低80%左右,色度及氧化沉渣均能达到GB252—2000要求。     

硼酸对高压氧化直馏柴油的性能改善

加氢脱硫技术生产低硫柴油,装置投资大,操作费用高,而导致柴油生产成本大幅攀升。在高压反应釜中,采用TS 1催化剂,纯氧气氧化,投资少,容易操作,可达到很好的脱硫效果,但此法得到的氧化直馏柴油酸值较大,加入硼酸可选择性地抑制醇类、羰基化合物的氧化,极大地降低了氧化直馏柴油的酸值,改善了直馏柴油的十六烷值,且硫质量分数也可达到欧洲Ⅱ类柴油标准(总硫小于300μg/g)。     

柴油实际胶质测定结果的影响因素分析及方法优化

实际胶质是衡量柴油产品氧化安定性的一项重要技术指标,与油品质量密切相关。文章介绍了柴油实际胶质测定标准方法《燃料胶质含量的测定（喷射蒸发法）》《发动机燃料实际胶质测定法》,分析了方法使用现状、方法差异和目前标准方法存在的问题。通过设计试验,考察两种测定方法的测量结果差异,分析蒸发浴温、蒸发介质、气体流速、蒸发时间、试验装置、样品量等因素对柴油实际胶质含量的影响程度及其原因。最后提出柴油实际胶质测定方法的优化方向,以期为相关标准方法的编写和修订提供参考借鉴。     

粉煤灰吸附与溶剂抽提在废润滑油再生中的工艺研究

以油品的运动粘度(40℃)、酸值、机械杂质和水分为衡量指标,考察了粉煤灰吸附与溶剂(乙酸乙酯、异丙醇、异丁醇、苯、四氢呋喃等)抽提再生废润滑油的效果。结果表明,溶剂抽提-粉煤灰吸附工艺的废润滑油再生效果优于粉煤灰吸附-溶剂抽提工艺,其中m(异丙醇)∶m(异丁醇)=1∶1(质量比)的再生效果最优,再生废润滑油指标为:40℃运动粘度43. 28 mm²/s,酸值0. 13 mg KOH/g,机械杂质0. 12%和水分114μg/g。     

柴油运动粘度检验方法研究

运动粘度表示燃料油的粘稠程度,也是燃料油重要的质量评判指标,直接影响燃料油检验运动的实际成果。基于此,本文重点阐述柴油运动粘度检验的注意事项,以供相关研究参考。     

粉煤灰吸附与溶剂抽提在废润滑油再生中的工艺研究

以油品的运动粘度(40℃)、酸值、机械杂质和水分为衡量指标,考察了粉煤灰吸附与溶剂(乙酸乙酯、异丙醇、异丁醇、苯、四氢呋喃等)抽提再生废润滑油的效果。结果表明,溶剂抽提-粉煤灰吸附工艺的废润滑油再生效果优于粉煤灰吸附-溶剂抽提工艺,其中m(异丙醇)∶m(异丁醇)=1∶1(质量比)的再生效果最优,再生废润滑油指标为:40℃运动粘度43. 28 mm~2/s,酸值0. 13 mg KOH/g,机械杂质0. 12%和水分114μg/g。     

微藻生物柴油的制备及其性能指标评价分析

以微藻毛油为原料,采用近临界醇解(SRCA)工艺制备微藻生物柴油,并分析了微藻生物柴油的各项指标.分析结果表明:微藻生物柴油的密度、运动黏度、闪点、含硫量、硫酸盐灰分、含水量、机械杂质、铜片腐蚀、十六烷值、酸值、游离甘油和总甘油等12项指标符合GB/T 20828-2007对调和用生物柴油BD100的要求;10％蒸余物...     

松香裂解油与0#柴油的复配性能研究

将松香裂解油与0^#柴油进行不同比例的复配,研究了复配油的性能指标及其与复配比例之间的关系。结果表明,复配油的酸值、密度、冷滤点随松香裂解油体积分数的增加而增加,且与松香裂解油在0^#柴油中的体积分数呈良好的线性关系;复配油的冷凝点随松香裂解油在0^#柴油中的体积分数的增加而下降;复配油的运动黏度随松香裂解油体积分数的增加而缓慢增加,当体积分数大于60%以后,运动黏度增加幅度迅速变大。     

Effect of FFA of Crude Rice Bran Oil on the Properties of Diesel Blends

Crude rice bran oil (CRBO) with high free fatty acid (FFA) content is not suitable for eating purposes, however, it can be used as a fuel to partially replace or fully replace No.2 diesel. The main objective of the present work was to analyse the effect of FFA content of CRBO on the combustion properties such as viscosity, calorific value, volatility and aniline point. CRBO with different FFAs were collected and mixed with No.2 diesel to prepare CRBO-diesel blends. It was observed that the viscosity of the blends increased with increase in FFA while the calorific value decreased. Significant variations were observed in the distillation curve for the CRBO blends with different FFA. Aniline point of the blends was 10–15% lower than that of diesel and it is indirectly proportional to the FFA of CRBO in the blend. Experimental results showed that the combustion properties of CRBO are the function of the FFA in the oil. As a dilute blend with diesel, CRBO with high FFA content showed comparable combustion properties to that of diesel. The properties differed in magnitude by 10–15% when compared with diesel. From the present investigation it is concluded that in blended form, CRBO with high FFA can be a potential resource to utilize it as an alternative fuel for CI (compression ignition) engines.     

Preparation of biofuel from argemone seed oil by an alternative cost-effective technique

In this experiment, argemone oil, toxic and highly viscous oil, was treated in two different processes to use this as an adulterer to petroleum diesel. Firstly oil was passed through several processes to lower it viscosity and to improve its properties. The resultant oil, refined argemone oil (RAO), was compared with traditional transesterified biodiesel (TEO) prepared from crude argemone oil. Results indicated that RAO had properties closer to those of TEO and important properties like viscosity, acid value, iodine value and pour point of RAO were also within the acceptable range. Engine testing revealed that up to 42% increment in engine runtime was recorded when only 10% RAO was added to the petroleum diesel, and this is probably the most feasible technique to convert argemone oil to biofuel additive with petroleum diesel. GC–MS analysis revealed the presence of methyl esters of several saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in both RAO and TEO. However, methyl eicosanoate was present in the highest concentration in these oils.     

Fuel properties of tallow and soybean oil esters

Fuel properties of beef tallow, soybean oil, their esters, and blends with No. 2 diesel fuel and ethanol were determined. Fuel properties tested were viscosity, specific gravity, API gravity, distillation ranges, calculated cetane index, energy content, flash point, water content, sulfur content, carbon residue, particulate matter, acid value, copper-strip corrosion test, ash content, melting point, cloud point, and pour point. Gas-chromatographic analyses of tallow, soybean oil, and their esters were performed to determine their major constituents. Viscosities of soybean oil and tallow were significantly reduced by esterification. Other fuel properties of the esters and their blends with No. 2 diesel fuel and ethanol were similar to the properties of No. 2 diesel fuel.     

我国生物柴油的研究现状分析

在总结生物柴油的原料、生产方法和研究动态的基础上,比较了几种常见植物油与矿物柴油的理化特性和各种生物柴油的生产方法的优缺点及生物柴油专利申请情况与柴油价格的关系,提出:(1)几种植物油的理化特性与柴油的相比存在一定差异,而植物油之间差异不大,它们用于生产生物柴油的研究方法可以相互借鉴;(2)生物柴油的研究形势与0#柴油的价格密切相关,就各种方法看,酯交换反应法是最受关注的方法;(3)生产生物柴油的方法各有优缺点,但酯交换反应法由于其适应性强、反应条件要求不高等,是目前最经济最有优势的方法,但此法仍需改进。     

Methyl and ethyl soybean esters as renewable fuels for diesel engines

The primary problems associated with using straight soybean oil as a fuel in a compression ignition internal combustion engine are caused by high fuel viscosity. Transesterification of soybean oil with an alcohol provides a significant reduction in viscosity, thereby enhancing the physical properties of the renewable fuel to improve engine performance. The ethyl and methyl esters of soybean oil with commercial diesel fuel additives revealed fuel properties that compared very well with diesel fuel, with the exception of gum formation, which manifested itself in problems with the plugging of fuel filters. Engine performance using soybean ester fuels differed little from engine performance with diesel fuel. A slight power loss combined with an increase in fuel consumption were experienced with the esters, primarily because of the lower heating value of the esters than for diesel fuel. Emissions for the 2 fuels were similar, with nitrous oxide emissions higher for the esters. Measurements of engine wear and fuel-injection system tests showed no abnormal characteristics for any of the fuels after the 200-hr tests. Engine deposits were comparable in amount, but slightly different in color and texture, with the methyl ester engine experiencing greater carbon and varnish deposits on the pistons. Presented at the American Oil Chemists’ Society meeting, Chicago, May 1983.     

柴油微乳液的制备及其性能研究

介绍了-10<'#>,0<'#>柴油微乳液的组成,确定了柴油、水、表面活性剂的质量配比,采用超声波处理为分散手段制备了微乳化柴油;并将-10<'#>柴油制备的微乳液与0<'#>柴油制备的微乳液作了对比;对制得的微乳化柴油的十六烷值、闪点、密度、黏度、粒径、凝点、热值、胶质质量浓度等理化性能指标进行了测定与分析对比;同时...     

渤海湾盆地L油田混输原油物性的多参数综合评价

混输原油物性参数是表征原油基本性质和流体流动流变的参数,是输油工艺设计和管道运行的基础,所以评价方法显得尤为重要。利用数理统计分析技术能直观地反映出混输原油在管道输送过程中的变化规律。研究结果表明:L油田具有高酸、高粘、高含蜡的"三高"特征;各平台月产能的变化,引起混输原油粘度、凝固点和蜡含量的变化;由于酸值偏高,在输油工艺中,应加强防腐措施。     

船用内燃机润滑油的分类及检测

介绍了船舶柴油机分类,阐述了船舶柴油机润滑油的选用及船舶在用油的检测方法。船舶在用油的检测项目一般有6项,包括运动粘度、闪点、戊烷不溶物、水分、碱值和元素。详细分析了怎样依据油品质量的变化来判断设备可能出现的问题。