锦西石化建成WGS湿法洗涤烟气净化装置

<正>锦西石化公司100万吨/年催化二套新建烟气脱硫装置是国内首套应用美国埃克森美孚(Exxon Mobil)公司WGS湿法洗涤烟气净化技术的装置,于2013年6月通过可研批复并开工建设,日前该装置建成投运。目前系统运行平稳,环保效果显著。这套装置烟气量处理量每小时达15万标准立方米,脱硫率在95%以上,二氧化硫排放浓度小于每立方米100毫克,烟尘浓度小于每立方米50毫克,优于     

文丘里液体喷射技术在真空系统的工业应用

介绍了以文丘里液体喷射抽真空技术在炼油厂常减压系统的工业运行情况。用一级液体喷射取代原来的三级蒸汽喷射。工业装置的运行及标定结果表明,文丘里液体喷射抽真空技术在低于蒸汽喷射抽真空技术能耗的前提下,真空度高于蒸汽喷射抽真空技术。用于喷射的液体采用装置自产的减一线油,运行结果表明,用于炼厂常减压装置的文丘里液体喷射系统流程设计合理,塔顶压力低于蒸汽喷射真空系统,加热炉出口温度、减一线产品质量、减一及减二线的产量等未受到影响。     

催化裂化装置烟气脱硫技术进展

对催化裂化装置降低SOx排放的措施进行了介绍,对烟气脱硫技术进行了分析,并着重阐述了EDV工艺、WGS工艺、双循环新型湍冲文丘里除尘脱硫技术、Labsorb工艺、Cansolv工艺、RASOC工艺等烟气湿法脱硫技术。     

关于水煤浆气化炉文丘里洗涤器结构及流程优化小结

水煤浆气化炉文丘里洗涤器的主要作用是对水煤气进行洗涤除尘.针对在实际运行过程中,由于文丘里洗涤器结构不合理及其洗涤水水质差,导致文丘里洗涤器喷头出水孔结垢堵塞,影响洗涤效果,以及文丘里洗涤器喉管及套管冲刷泄漏,影响生产装置的安全稳定运行的问题,通过对文丘里洗涤器结构及洗涤水流程进行技术改造优化,消除所存在的问题.     

烟气脱硫处理技术途径探讨

根据自备电厂一台35t/h锅炉年运行过程中,烟气经文丘里水膜除尘器处理前后主要污染物烟尘、二氧化硫浓度变化情况,证实文丘里水膜除尘器除尘效果明显,并具有一定的脱除二氧化硫效果,烟气排放达标。     

硒回收系统改造设计和生产实践

卡尔多炉处理铜阳极泥提取稀贵金属工艺中常规采用文丘里洗涤回收烟气中的硒,文丘里洗涤存在系统阻力大,对烟气量波动适应性小及随原料中硒含量波动吸收率下降等问题。针对文丘里系统存在的问题,采用两级湍冲洗涤器替代原有"文丘里—气液分离器"洗涤系统,并完善循环洗涤液系统。生产实践表明,在实施改造后,大大减小了烟气回收系统阻力,提升了烟气处理能力,提高了硒的回收率,取得了显著的节能效果和经济效益。     

一种高效低阻力气体洗涤吸收装置的研发

综合利用了文丘里混合原理、撞击流混合原理、湍流涡旋混合原理,研究并设计出一种低阻力高效率的管道式的气体洗涤吸收装置,实现了气体和吸收液的充分混合。该装置体积小,结构简单,操作弹性大,投资运行成本低,适用于各种温度状况和气流波动状况,可广泛应用于工业气体吸收、废气洗涤、锅炉烟气除尘脱硫等。     

Cansolv SO2洗涤系统在新建冶炼烟气制酸项目中的应用

一套新建的间歇式硫化矿熔炼系统在设计上存在着若干挑战。熔炼炉产生的烟气在极高与极低的二氧化硫浓度之间波动,而硫酸装置需要稳定的烟气流量及二氧化硫浓度,以符合环保法规。采用Cansolv洗涤系统可将间歇操作的熔炼炉与硫酸装置以某种方式整合,从而优化投资并使硫酸装置以放热模式运行。Cansolv SO2洗涤系统可通过改变送人SO2洗涤塔的贫液流量来匹配熔炼炉所产生的SO2量,并利用贫液和富液储槽来均衡送人硫酸装置的SO2流量。进一步优化系统的方法是将流量恒定的冶炼烟气送人硫酸装置,而将流量波动的冶炼烟气通过旁路送人SO2洗涤系统。Cansolv再生塔排出的SO2可确保硫酸装置始终在高于其自热平衡极限的浓度下运行。     

催化烟气治理设备运行总结

随着国家工业排放标准要求的提高,中国石化对催化裂化装置增设了烟气治理装置。其中双循环湍冲文丘里湿法脱硫除尘技术应用广泛。经过不断摸索及优化运行,烟气治理项目整体运行良好,达到了设计要求。对期间出现的设备故障及应对措施,从脱硝、脱硫和废水等几个单元进行了总结。装置改造较晚,工艺操作、设备选型等有比较大的完善,有一定的借鉴作用。     

Cansolv[R] SO2洗涤系统在新建冶炼烟气制酸项目中的应用

一套新建的间歇式硫化矿熔炼系统在设计上存在着若干挑战.熔炼炉产生的烟气在极高与极低的二氧化硫浓度之间波动,而硫酸装置需要稳定的烟气流量及二氧化硫浓度,以符合环保法规.采用Cansolv[R]洗涤系统可将间歇操作的熔炼炉与硫酸装置以某种方式整合,从而优化投资并使硫酸装置以放热模式运行.Cansolv[R] SO2洗涤系统可通过改变送入SO2洗涤塔的贫液流量来匹配熔炼炉所产生的SO2量,并利用贫液和富液储槽来均衡送入硫酸装置的SO2流量.进一步优化系统的方法是将流量恒定的冶炼烟气送入硫酸装置,而将流量波动的冶炼烟气通过旁路送入SO2洗涤系统.Cansolv[R]再生塔排出的SO2可确保硫酸装置始终在高于其自热平衡极限的浓度下运行.     

MODELING SPRAY DRYER PERFORMANCE IN FLUE GAS SCRUBBING

The simultaneous removal of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride from flue gas generated by municipal waste incineration is a process that is now receiving considerable attention. A dry scrubbing process using a spray dryer absorber (SDA) has recently become an attractive alternative to wet scrubbing. In this operation flue gas is introduced at the top of the SDA and flows downward concurrently with the injected lime-water slurry.

This study presents a mathematical model describing the various processes which occur in the SDA system and compares model predictions with experimental results from a 2.3 m diameter pilot plant SDA. The process model in the wet stage is a three phase, gas-liquid-solid, reaction system The limiting conditions for SO₂ removal may be gas film resistance, solid dissolution rate, or combined resistances. Limiting conditions for HC1 removal are similar. The liquid phase reactions are considered instantaneous. The process is modeled by an adiabatic two phase system.     

白云石湿法烟气脱硫技术

煤炭是贵州省最重要的能源，贵州煤烟型大气污染严重，脱硫任务更为艰巨，本文提出针对贵州煤炭含硫率高，要求脱硫效率高，利用贵州丰富的白云岩资源作为脱硫剂，采用白云石湿法烟气脱硫技术，这种技术较现有的石灰石石膏法具有吸收率高、不结垢、系统简化、占地较小、设备投资省、运行费用较低、副产品利用价值大等优越点，对火电厂烟气湿法脱硫具有重要参考价值。     

氨法脱硫在硫磺制酸尾气处理中的应用

介绍采用湿式三级氨法脱硫技术处理新建大型硫磺制酸装置尾气,并副产固体亚硫酸铵的基本原理、工艺流程、主要设备和生产应用效果,指出氨法脱硫在替代传统的钙法脱硫方面具有较为广阔的应用前景.     

Mercury removal from coal combustion by Fenton reactions. Paper B: Pilot-scale tests

This second paper in a series describes results of pilot-scale testing for mercury (Hg) removal from coal combustion flue gas using a scrubbing solution based on the Fenton reactions. The selected reagents contain hydrogen peroxide and iron salts. The mercury scrubbing was performed in a condensing heat exchanger (CHX) with flue gas generated by coal combustion in CANMET’s vertical combustor research facility (VCRF). Both the Ontario Hydro method and a Hg CEM were used for Hg sampling and speciation. The results, obtained with the combustion of three different pulverized coals – bituminous, sub-bituminous and lignite – showed that the CHX was very effective in removing oxidized mercury (Hg(II)). Concerning the performance of the scrubbing solutions, 30–40% of elemental mercury (Hg(0)) oxidation was achieved for the lignite coal, with the solution being preferably composed of FeCl₃ and H₂O₂ and with pH value between 1 and 3. Results also showed that better Hg removal results were achieved by combining sulphur removal and Hg removal in the same stage of the CHX. An additional test done on the pilot-scale research boiler with a conventional wet scrubber showed that the Hg removal capability using the Fenton reactions was not dependent on the configuration of the wet scrubber. Although the Hg(0) oxidation ratio was not particularly high compared to the achievements from bench-scale tests, considering the economic and non-toxic nature of the scrubbing solution and the readily available equipment, the current results are encouraging and deserve further work to develop a better understanding of the chemistry in order to determine if the method can be further optimized.     

镁法烟气脱硫副产物热解回收MgO的研究

镁法烟气脱硫工艺是利用MgO浆液吸收烟气中的SO2,脱硫副产物经过热解还原为MgO后,可再次制浆从而实现吸收剂的循环利用。对某火电厂的脱硫副产物进行分析,发现每克干渣中含MgSO3 0.723 g（折算值）,具有良好的回收利用价值。分别考察了热解温度、恒温时间等热解条件对热解产物的影响,发现在热解温度750℃、恒温时间2 h时,MgO回收率可达到59.8%。热解温度低于750℃时,脱硫副产物单质硫析出占理论硫比例为6.0%;当热解温度达到900℃时,单质硫析出达到了24.0%。故在热解脱硫副产物时,应控制热解温度以减少单质硫的析出。     

燃煤烟气中脱硫脱硝技术简述

燃煤烟气中二氧化硫和氮氧化物的危害已众所周知,其中SO2的控制采用了湿式石灰石-石膏法、烟气循环流化床法、海水脱硫等技术,以湿式石灰石-石膏法为主。对于氮氧化物控制,一般采用的较成熟工艺是在脱硫装置后面加装一套脱硝装置如选择性催化还原(SCR)或选择性非催化还原(SNCR),以选择性催化还原(SCR)为主,从而实现联合脱硫脱氮,这是分级治理方式。这种方式不仅占地面积大,而且投资和运行费用高,为了降低烟气净化的费用,开发同时脱硫脱硝新技术、新设备已迫在眉睫。     

湿法烟气脱硫技术进展

二氧化硫的污染情况已引起世界各国的广泛关注,通过对几种主要湿式脱硫工艺的对比研究,从半胱氨酸亚铁溶液同时脱硫脱氮工艺技术中归纳出一种湿法烟气脱硫技术———胱氨酸脱硫技术,阐述了胱氨酸脱硫技术的反应机理和国内外研究现状,并总结出此方法的优缺点,是一种很有潜力的脱硫方法。     

Vergleich von Verfahrenskonzepten zur Rauchgasreinigung bei der Rückstandsverbrennung

Comparison of process concepts for flue-gas clean-up in residue incineration. Depending on the residues being dealt with, industrial residue incinerators may produce flue gases having widely varying separation properties. This applies especially to particulate constituents. To determine unknown separation properties, to select suitable separation methods, and to predict the separating behaviour of the envisaged equipment, use can be made of pilot plants or very small test plants. Experiments have been carried out on two residue incinerators of different size using rotary-kiln technology in order to ascertain the suitability of various processes for separating particles from flue gases. For wet treatment a venturi scrubber and a scrubbing column were investigated, and for dry treatment the methods of electrostatic precipitation and cloth filtration. Various alternatives for dust separation have been derived from, and assessed on the basis of, the experimental results. Discussion of the experimental results shows that reliable prediction of the operating behaviour of industrial-scale units will require further basic investigations regarding dust separation and gas scrubbing. The task of enabling cleaned-gas values to be reliably predicted is beyond the development potential of individual manufacturers, individual operators, and individual university institutes. What is essential is the development of a joint concept under which the various tasks will be distributed and coordinated.     

祥光铜业废水处理与烟气超低排放技术的发展历程

介绍了祥光铜业从建设初期至今废水处理与烟气超低排放技术的发展过程.通过对全厂水资源的统一调配,对生产废水循环利用和梯度利用,最终实现了生产废水的资源化和减量化.在烟气治理方面,遵循分而治之的思路,根据各工序产出的烟气性质不同,对烟气处理系统不断优化,采用布袋除尘、高温陶瓷膜除尘、湿法洗涤除尘、高浓度SO2制酸、钠碱法脱...     

湿法脱硫技术问题探讨

湿法烟气脱硫作为一种相对较成熟、脱硫效率较高的脱硫技术,得到了广泛的应用。但湿法烟气脱硫(WFGD)过程中会产生石膏结垢、设备腐蚀等问题,正确解决这些问题是保证FGD系统长期稳定可靠运行的关键。文章对湿式石灰/石灰石FGD过程中的石膏结垢成因、设备腐蚀原因、烟气再热以及与液固分离等相关的亚硫酸盐的氧化等问题进行了综述。