甜菜碱表活剂性能评价

通过界面张力仪、TURBISCANLAB稳定分析仪及微分干涉显微镜对甜菜碱表面活性剂及其聚表体系的稳定性进行研究。研究表明:原油乳状液稳定系数与聚合物浓度成反相关;多重光散射原理的基础上应用TURBISCANLAB稳定分析仪从动态上反映乳状液颗粒从稳定到失稳的过程;结合微分干涉显微及驱油实验提出了一种综合评价乳状液稳定性的方法。     

利用多重光散射原理分析石油磺酸盐乳状液稳定性

对石油磺酸盐中的活性物质进行了提取,利用Turbiscan Lab稳定性分析仪多重光散射原理,对石油磺酸盐活性物与原油乳状液稳定特性进行了研究。测量了TSI稳定指数和粒径大小随时间的变化值,并通过光强度曲线变化分析静置后乳状液的状态变化。结果显示,转速越高TSI值越小,乳状液的稳定性越好。转速为4 000 r/min的乳状液平均粒径值最小,并且达到了极稳定乳状液粒径范围。根据光强度曲线的变化能够客观地反映出上浮、絮凝和聚结等一系乳状液体系的变化,较大地提高了效率和准确度。     

甜菜碱复配体系与新疆原油乳状液稳定性研究

本文通过析水率实验、TURBISCANLAB稳定分析仪对甜菜碱复配体系与新疆原油乳状液稳定性进行研究。研究表明:在剪切速率,剪切时间一定的条件下原油乳状液体系稳定性随着甜菜碱表面活性剂浓度的增加而增强;一定条件下原油乳状液体系稳定性随着聚合物浓度的增加而增强;原油乳状液体系稳定性随着体系含水率增加先增强后减弱,当体系含水率达到40%时,形成的原油乳状液稳定性最好;研究过程中发现,乳状液析水率情况与样品背散射光变化具有一致性。     

两种驱油用两亲聚合物复配对其乳化性能的影响

利用稳定性分析仪和光学显微镜研究了B型和海博Ⅲ型2种驱油用两亲聚合物复配对其乳状液稳定性和乳化效果的影响;采用流变仪、界面张力仪和电位分析仪研究了该2种驱油用两亲聚合物及其复配体系的流变性能和界面特性。结果表明:2种驱油用两亲聚合物及其复配体系均能形成O/W型乳状液,随着B型两亲聚合物复配量的增加,复配体系乳状液粒径介于2种两亲聚合物单独形成的乳状液粒径之间,且逐渐减小,分布变窄;其外相体系的黏度、油/水界面张力和Zeta电位的绝对值均呈现先降低后升高的趋势;综合作用下,复配体系乳状液液滴的迁移速率降低,絮凝、聚并程度先升高后降低;相比于2种驱油用两亲聚合物单独使用时,复配体系乳状液的稳定性呈现先降低后升高的趋势,并最终将其超越。     

两亲聚合物设计合成及其增效体系研究(VI)——两亲聚合物乳化作用

综述了近年来两亲聚合物乳化作用的研究现状,主要包括不同结构两亲聚合物对乳化性能的影响。包括疏水基团、甜菜碱基团及复配体系对乳化的影响。总结了典型两亲聚合物乳状液的稳定机理,分析了两亲聚合物乳状液的渗流特性及对提高采收率的影响,为增强两亲聚合物乳化作用方法及乳化提高采收率机理奠定理论基础并明确发展方向。     

烷基糖苷-十二烷基甜菜碱复配性能及无机盐的影响

考察了非离子型表面活性剂烷基糖苷(APG)和两性表面活性剂十二烷基甜菜碱(BS-12)之间的复配性能,测定了不同摩尔比的APG和BS-12复配体系的表面张力、泡沫和乳化性能,并且研究了无机盐对复配体系表面活性的影响。结果表明,与单独任一表面活性剂体系相比,APG和BS-12复配体系具有较好的表面活性,呈现明显的协同增效作用;在摩尔比为3∶7时,复配体系的表面活性最高、起泡性能最好、形成的泡沫和乳状液最稳定,协同增效作用最显著。此外,无机盐的加入提高了复配体系的表面活性,当NaCl浓度为0.03 mol·L-1时,表面张力和临界胶束浓度最小,表面活性最高;而对于无机盐,其离子价态越高,提高表面活性程度越明显;相比之下,阳离子提高复配体系表面活性的能力大于阴离子。     

甜菜碱二元体系对 大庆原油乳化性能分析

为了更好评价不同浓度甜菜碱表面活性剂二元体系对大庆原油的乳化性能,采用室内实验法研究不同浓度甜菜碱体系对对大庆原油的界面张力、吸水率以及稳定性能的影响,研究表明:当聚合物浓度不变时,甜菜碱表面活性剂浓度达到临界胶束浓度时,其界面张力达到降低至10~(-3)m N·m~(-1),吸水率最低,稳定指数小,并且Na_2CO_3的加入能够降低界面张力,但吸水率最高,稳定指数大,显著地降低乳状液的稳定性能。     

胜利原油乳状液中固体颗粒特性及其脱除技术

随着我国原油储量逐渐减少,原油开采技术逐渐成熟,在开采过程中乳状液所含的固体微粒随之增加。以胜利油田滨南采油区块682原油乳状液为研究对象,应用显微镜、纳米粒度仪和光谱分析仪,表征胜利乳状液中固体颗粒的特征,揭示原油乳状液中固体颗粒形成机制和物理特性。此外,根据分析结果,将乳状液脱除固体微粒的离心法,与复配脱固乳状液相结合,研究了高效固体颗粒脱除技术。     

两种新型活性染料净洗剂的性能研究

本文研究了两种两性表面活性剂十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)和羟磺基甜菜碱(LHS)分别与不同类型的非离子表面活性剂进行复配后的净洗性能,并对复配体系添加高分子化合物PVP和CMC后的净洗性能进行进一步的研究。初步总结两种不同类型的甜菜碱与高分子添加物的作用规律,并总结归纳出此类表面活性剂与非离子表面活性剂复配的最佳处方。     

驱油剂对W/O乳状液稳定性影响研究

利用TURBISCAN稳定性分析仪测得的TSI值监测了驱油剂对W/O乳状液稳定性的影响,实验结果表明,随着表面活性剂和聚合物浓度的增加,TSI值均降低,乳状液稳定性增加;随着碱浓度的增大,TSI值先降低后增大,体系稳定性先增强后变弱,当碱浓度为900mg/L时,乳状液稳定性最好。     

Optical properties of dense and porous spheroids consisting of primary silica nanoparticles

The light scattering by granular and macroporous silica spheroids consisting of nanometer-sized primary particles was systematically investigated using a laser particle counter coupled with a pulse height analyzer. The shape- and porosity-controlled spheroids as model particles were prepared using spray drying method by changing the particle size of colloidal suspension. The effect of shape and porosity of dense and porous spheroidal particles on electrical mobility was also studied using a differential mobility analyzer and an electron microscope. The electrical mobility equivalent diameter of particles classified by the differential mobility analyzer was estimated by measuring Feret diameter and the projected area equivalent diameter from the SEM micrographs. The electrical mobility diameter of the spheroids was in good agreement with the projected area equivalent diameter regardless of the primary particle size and porosity. The measured partial scattering cross section of dense and porous silica particles with same mobility diameter showed significant differences. As the primary particle size of granules and the porosity of porous particles increased at parity of electrical mobility diameter, the scattering intensity decreased. The effective refractive indices of dense and porous particles were computed by best fitting of the scattering intensity measurements. The porosities of dense and porous spheroids were calculated using the effective refractive indices as obtained by the effective medium theory. The porosities were also measured by a comparison of particle size before and after annealing at 1700°C. By comparing these porosities, the effective refractive indices of the spheroidal particles were confirmed.     

The solution behavior of hydrophobically associating zwitterionic polymer in salt water

The acrylamide‐based hydrophobically associating zwitterionic polymer was prepared, which was composed of dimethyl‐dodecyl‐allyl ammonium chloride as hydrophobic group and carboxyl betaine 2‐(4‐acrylamido‐propyl‐dimethyl ammonic)‐sodium acetate as functional group. Hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide (HAPAM) was also prepared for comparative study. The behaviors of polymers in pure water and salt solutions were investigated by the means of apparent viscosity test, laser light scattering, atomic force microscope, and fluorescence experiments. The viscosities of polymer solution increased with the increasing of salt concentration, which indicated that the addition of salt resulted in significant antipolyelectrolyte effect in the zwitterionic polymer solution. The results of dynamic laser light scattering experiment also showed that the average hydrodynamic diameters of the zwitterionic polymer molecules increased with the increasing of salt concentration. The network structures had been observed by atomic force microscope and the addition of salt strengthened the formation of network structures. The results of fluorescence experiment showed that the addition of salt could enhance the association of hyrophobically zwitterionic polymer. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39707.     

基于二硫键的自修复水性聚氨酯的制备与性能研究

以芳香二硫化合物2,2'?二氨基二苯二硫醚（AD）为原料,制备了一种自愈性水性聚氨酯（WPU）材料。利用全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、拉曼光谱仪、热失重分析仪、粒径分析仪、热台偏光显微镜和接触角仪对改性材料进行了结构表征与性能测试,探讨了聚氨酯材料的热稳定性、表面疏水性、自修复性能的变化。另外,通过拉伸测试,定量评价了材料的拉伸性能和自愈合效率。结果表明,AD成功引入到WPU分子链中;随着AD含量的增加,改性材料的热稳定性逐渐下降;表面疏水性提升,样品WPU?3的静态接触角达到了81.2 °;拉伸强度由WPU?0的1.1 MPa增至WPU?3的5.6 MPa;同时,在中等愈合温度（80 ℃）下,样品WPU?1加热3 h后可以使拉伸应变的愈合效率达到81 %左右。     

Static,dynamic and electric light scattering by aqueous colloids of diamond

The study of light scattering of aqueous colloids of diamond with particle size 10–400 nm was conducted. Particle concentration in colloids was low, and light scattering could be considered single. Methods of static, dynamic, and electric light scattering were employed. During the static light scattering experiments we took into account particle distribution on size that was determined from electron microscope measurements. It was shown that the experimentally obtained indicatrix of light scattering of polydisperse non-spherical diamond particle solution is in good agreement with the theoretical one for spherical particles. Autocorrelation function of depolarized light scattering intensity coincides with the time dependence of relaxation of scattered light intensity alteration after the electric field which induced particle orientation is switched off. This allows to use dynamic light scattering technique during the study of electro-optical properties of polydisperse colloids of diamond.     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯共聚物细乳液的合成及其表征

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和甲基丙烯酸三氟乙酯(TFEMA)为反应单体进行细乳液聚合,制得了MMA-co-TFEMA共聚物乳液。利用FTIR和GPC表征了共聚物的结构和分子量,采用激光光散射法及透射电镜对乳胶粒子的粒径大小及形貌进行了表征,并通过接触角法对共聚物膜的表面性能进行了研究。结果表明,与常规乳液相比,以细乳液方法制得的MMA-co-TFEMA共聚物乳液稳定性好,粒径分布窄,聚合物的分子量分布窄,并且共聚物膜随着氟含量的增加疏水疏油性增强,表面能降低。     

甜菜碱对聚异戊二烯橡胶性能的影响简

探讨甜菜碱(三甲铵乙内酯,天然橡胶非胶组分)对聚异戊二烯橡胶(IR)硫化特性、强伸性能和热稳定性能的影响。结果表明:与未加甜菜碱的IR相比,添加甜菜碱的IR硫化速度显著提高,交联密度增大,强伸性能改善,热稳定性能略有提高;当甜菜碱用量为0.5份时,IR的综合性能最佳。     

Untreated Silica Nanoparticles Containing Poly(acrylamide-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) Composite—Effect of Copolymer Composition

Poly(acrylamide-co-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid)/Silica [Poly(AM-co-AMPSA)/SiO₂] core-shell composite nanogels with silica as core and hydrophilic polymer with functional groups such as sulfonic acid, amido, as shell were prepared by microemulsion polymerization without surface treatment of silica and upto 5.5 mole% of AMPSA in feed to control the particle size as well as morphology. The synthesized intercalated composites were produced with controllable sizes ranging from 44–77 nm in diameter. The repared sulfonic acid based silica core-shell composite nanogels were characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, thermogravimetric analyzer, differential scanning calorimeter, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The encapsulation of functional polymer shell onto the silica particles was driven by the hydrogen-bonding interaction between sulfonic acid and amido groups of AMPSA with Si-O linkages. The onset degradation temperature is increased from 227°C to 262°C in copolymer-silica composites which indicates improved thermal stability. The shifting of glass transition temperature from 194°C to 203°C in copolymeric composite nanogels further confirms the existence of strong interactions of silica filler with copolymer chains. Also the chemical composition of polymeric chains and the affinity of polymer chains and silica influenced the morphology.     

甜菜碱对异戊橡胶热降解性能的影响

采用热重分析法研究氮气气氛下甜菜碱对异戊橡胶(IR)热降解性能的影响。结果表明:添加甜菜碱不会改变IR的热降解机理;添加甜菜碱的IR胶料的起始降解温度、最大降解温度和反应活化能均比未添加甜菜碱的IR胶料高,表明甜菜碱提高了IR胶料的热稳定性。     

Phase behavior study of PEB/PES blend by time resolved laser light scattering

The phase behavior of PEB/PES (poly(ethylene-co-styrene)/poly(ethylene-co-butene)) blend system was studied by time resolved laser light scattering with both wide angle and small angle laser light scattering. The phase separation kinetics show that the phase diagram of this system is a closed loop with both lower critical solution transition (LCST) and upper critical solution transition (UCST), which is inconsistent with the results obtained by optical microscope we reported before. All of the phase separation processes including early, middle and late stages have been studied. The coarsening behavior of the blend was characterized in terms of the time change of the maximum intensity I_m, and the magnitude of the scattering vector q_m, at which the intensity becomes maximum. The theory to interpret the phenomena has been studied by many researchers, and it is waiting for further theoretical systematic research.     

核/壳型含硅苯丙乳液的合成与研究

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和苯乙烯(St)为核单体,丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、丙烯酸(AA)和γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-560)为壳单体,制备出具有核/壳型结构的含硅苯丙乳液。采用激光粒度分析法、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、红外光谱(FT-IR)法和透射电镜(TEM)等测试手段,研究了软硬单体配比、乳化剂、引发剂和交联剂KH-560用量对乳液及其胶膜性能的影响。研究结果表明,当w(引发剂)=0.5%、m(BA)∶m(St)∶m(MMA)=1.5∶0.5∶1.0、w(混合乳化剂)=3.0%和w(KH-560)=16%时,制取的含硅苯丙乳液稳定性好、平均粒径小且分布较窄,适度交联可提高乳胶膜的耐水性和硬度。