普通离子液体和功能化离子液体的合成研究进展

离子液体是在室温下为液体、具有离子特性的新型绿色溶剂,作为一类环境友好型的反应介质,在诸多领域有其独特的性质.综述了普通离子液体和功能化离子液体的合成研究进展,并对其前景进行了展望.     

功能化咪唑类离子液体的合成

离子液体作为环境友好型离子液体具有其他分子溶剂所不具备的优良性能,其中的功能性离子液体经过阴阳离子的设计,能够制造出具有众多性质的优良离子液体.功能化离子液体的合成中需要将所需的阴、阳离子的官能团结合到离子液体上.并通过氮甲基咪唑分别与溴苄、溴甲基萘反应合成功能化离子液体苄基甲基咪唑溴盐、萘甲基咪唑溴盐.并为下一步将离...     

功能化离子液体催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯

研究了功能化离子液体3-N,N,N-三甲铵基丙磺酸硫酸氢铵盐([TMPS]·[HSO4])催化柠檬酸和正丁醇反应合成柠檬酸三丁酯的新方法。结果表明,[TMPS]·[HSO4]具有很高的催化活性,n(C6H8O7):n(C4H9OH)=1:3.5时在125～130℃下反应3.0h,酯化率达到99﹪;反应结束后产物与催化体系分层,简化了分离过程;离子液体可以循环使用9次,催化活性无明显变化。与传统工艺相比,反应时间较短、反应温度较低、副反应少,且不使用有机溶剂作为带水剂。     

酰胺功能化咪唑型离子液体的合成、性能及应用

合成了一系列含有酰胺片断结构的咪唑型离子液体,总收率达到51.8%~74.0%。用1HNMR、FTIR、元素分析、DSC、TG、黏度、溶解性和电化学等表征手段,对其结构组成和物理性质进行了全面的表征。结果表明:这些酰胺功能化咪唑型离子液体具有热稳定性高(在295.2℃以下不分解)、电化学窗口宽(4.0~4.2 V)、凝固点低(最低可达-76.5℃)等特点,并在极性溶剂中具有良好的溶解性。探讨了3-(N,N-二乙基氨甲酰基甲基)-1-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(3 a)离子液体在缩醛(酮)化反应中的应用,获得了比传统离子液体1-正己基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(HeM ImBF4)更优的反应结果,转化率相对提高2%~17%。     

酸功能化聚醚离子液体催化合成乙酸松油酯的研究

制备和表征了酸功能化聚醚离子液体1-(3-磺酸)丙基-3-聚氧乙烯醚基咪唑磷酸二氢盐-［HSO₃－(CH₂)₃－im－(CH₂CH₂O)nH］H₂PO₄,并用于催化合成乙酸松油酯的反应,考察了反应时间、反应温度、原料配比和催化剂用量等因素对反应的影响。在n(松油醇)∶n(乙酸酐)=1∶1.5,松油醇5.1 g、离子液体1.5 g、反应温度40 ℃和反应时间8 h条件下,松油醇转化率超过99.5%,乙酸松油酯的选择性为87.8%;并对离子液体的重复使用性能进行了考察,表明离子液体不经处理直接重复使用6次后,松油醇的转化率为99.4％,乙酸松油酯的选择性为88.3％,具有较好的重复使用性能。     

功能化离子液体的合成工艺优化与表征

研究了1-乙烯基咪唑型和4-二甲胺基吡啶型两种功能化离子液体的合成工艺,采用正交实验方案对合成条件进行了考察。实验结果确定了制备这两种离子液体的最佳反应时间、反应温度、反应物以及溶剂的量。通过对离子液体理化性质包括结构、溶解性、酸碱度和粘度等的表征,对其性质给出了比较全面的定性和定量分析。     

功能化离子液体催化合成丁二酸二乙酯

采用两步法合成了4种不同阳离子的功能化离子液体:1-甲基-3-(3-磺丙基)咪唑硫酸氢盐([C_3SO_3Hmim]HSO_4)、1-乙基-3-(3-磺丙基)咪唑硫酸氢盐([C_3SO_3Emim]HSO_4)、1-丙基-3-(3-磺丙基)咪唑硫酸氢盐([C_3SO_3-Pmim]HSO_4)、1-丁基-3-(3-磺丙基)咪唑硫酸氢盐([C_3SO_3Bmim]HSO_4)。通过FTIR、1H NMR和TG分析了离子液体的结构和热稳定性。并将其应用于催化丁二酸酐和乙醇的酯化反应中,考察了4种离子液体的催化活性。结果表明,离子液体[C_3SO_3Bmim]HSO_4的催化效果较好,在n(丁二酸酐)∶n(乙醇)=1∶2.5,催化剂用量9%,环己烷用量35%,反应温度90℃的条件下反应5 h后,丁二酸二乙酯的收率可达92.28%,且离子液体催化剂循环使用8次后,仍具有较高的催化活性。与传统工艺相比,离子液体催化剂具有用量少、反应条件温和、无副反应、收率高和可循环使用等优点,具有替代传统浓硫酸催化醇酸酯化反应的潜力。     

功能化离子液体催化合成丁二酸二乙酯

采用两步法合成了4种不同阳离子的功能化离子液体:1-甲基-3-(3-磺丙基)咪唑硫酸氢盐([C_3SO_3Hmim]HSO_4)、1-乙基-3-(3-磺丙基)咪唑硫酸氢盐([C_3SO_3Emim]HSO_4)、1-丙基-3-(3-磺丙基)咪唑硫酸氢盐([C_3SO_3-Pmim]HSO_4)、1-丁基-3-(3-磺丙基)咪唑硫酸氢盐([C_3SO_3Bmim]HSO_4)。通过FTIR、1H NMR和TG分析了离子液体的结构和热稳定性。并将其应用于催化丁二酸酐和乙醇的酯化反应中,考察了4种离子液体的催化活性。结果表明,离子液体[C_3SO_3Bmim]HSO_4的催化效果较好,在n(丁二酸酐)∶n(乙醇)=1∶2.5,催化剂用量9%,环己烷用量35%,反应温度90℃的条件下反应5 h后,丁二酸二乙酯的收率可达92.28%,且离子液体催化剂循环使用8次后,仍具有较高的催化活性。与传统工艺相比,离子液体催化剂具有用量少、反应条件温和、无副反应、收率高和可循环使用等优点,具有替代传统浓硫酸催化醇酸酯化反应的潜力。     

含羧酸基的功能化离子液体催化合成氯乙酸异丙酯

将合成的羧酸基功能化离子液体用于氯乙酸和异丙醇的酯化反应,考察了不同功能化离子液体的催化性能、不同的反应条件、反应结束后产物的分离和离子液体的循环使用。结果表明,以[C1imCH2COOH]HSO4为催化剂,n(氯乙酸)∶n(异丙醇)∶n(离子液体)=5∶5∶1,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为3 h的条件下,异丙醇的转化率为90.6%,氯乙酸异丙酯的选择性达到100%。反应结束后产物和离子液体分层明显,通过简单的倾倒就可以分离产物。分离后的催化剂重复使用5次,催化剂活性基本不变。     

羟基功能化咪唑离子液体的合成与表征

以咪唑为原料利用高压釜采用无溶剂的方法合成了一种含碳氢长链的羟基功能化咪唑离子液体,利用红外光谱对中间体和离子液体进行了表征并考察了该离子液体在常见有机溶剂中的溶解性.结果表明:该离子液体能溶于常见极性有机溶剂,不溶于非极性有机溶剂.     

Functionalized Ionic Liquid-Catalyzed 1-Feruloyl-sn-glycerol Synthesis

Feruloyl Glycerol (FG) is a potential antioxidant and UV absorbing ingredient in food and cosmetic industries. Transesterifications of ethyl ferulate (EF) with glycerol to synthesize FG were performed using different functionalized ionic liquids (1‐butylsulfonic‐3‐methylimidazolium tosylate, [BSO₃HMIM]TS; 1‐propylsulfonic‐3‐methylimidazolium tosylate, [PSO₃HMIM]TS; 1‐butylsulfonic‐3‐methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, [BSO₃HMIM]OTF; 1‐butylsulfonic‐3‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate, [BSO₃HMIM]HSO₄; N‐methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate, [HMIM]HSO₄; 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hydroxide, [BMIM]OH; 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazo tetrachloride molysite, [BMIM]FeCl₄; and 1‐hexyl‐3‐methylimidazo tetrachloride molysite, [BMIM]FeCl₄) as catalysts, respectively. High EF conversion (98.0 ± 1.5 %), 1‐FG (1‐feruloyl‐sn‐glycerol) yield (88.7 ± 1.1 %) and reaction selectivity for 1‐FG (90.5 ± 2.1 %) were obtained using [BSO₃HMIM]TS as catalyst. The activation energy (E_a), the Michaelis–Menten kinetic constant (K_m), and the maximum initial reaction rate (v_max) of the transesterification are 65.9 ± 3.3 kJ/mol, 1.8 ± 0.1 mol/L, and (1.6 ± 0.4) × 10^?2 mol/(L min), respectively. Effects of catalyst loading, reaction temperature, and the molar ratio of EF to glycerol on EF conversion and reaction selectivity for 1‐FG (1‐FG yield/EF conversion) were also investigated.     

Liquid Phase Extraction and Separation of Noble Organometallic Catalysts by Functionalized Ionic Liquids

Abstract

The separation of two noble organometallic catalysts from a homogeneous organic phase was investigated using liquid phase extraction with functionalized ionic liquids. Thirteen functionalized ionic liquids containing amino, hydroxy, thioether, carboxylic, or olefin functional groups were prepared by a standard neutralization method. The extractions of Jacobsen's catalyst and Wilkinson's catalyst were conducted using the functionalized ionic liquids as the extraction phase without adding any other metal complexing extractant. The distribution factors between the ionic liquid (IL) phase and toluene (organic solution phase) demonstrated that the functional groups in ILs exhibited moderate to high affinity with the metal complexes. The influence of the ionic liquid structure on the distribution factors was also investigated.     

羟基与酯基官能团化离子液体的合成

以溴代或氯代醇或酯和吡啶为原料合成三个离子液体前体即溴化N-羟乙基吡啶、氯化N-羟己基毗啶和N-甲氧羰乙基吡啶氯代盐;分别将它们与四氟硼酸钠进行复分解反应得到相应的离子液体即N-羟乙基毗啶四氟硼酸盐、N-羟己基毗啶四氟硼酸盐和N-甲氧羰乙基毗啶四氟硼酸盐。利用核磁共振波谱对三个离子液体进行了表征。     

室温离子液体的合成

离子液体以其良好的物理、化学性质,日益引起人们越来越多的关注。离子液体的合成成为研究离子液体性质和应用首先要解决的问题。本文简要介绍了离子液体的合成方法及一些功能化离子液体的合成。     

Highly Efficient Synthesis of Hydrophilic Phytosterol Derivatives Catalyzed by Ionic Liquid

Phytosterols and their derivatives have been attracting much attention because of their potential beneficial effects on human health. However, the free phytosterols are insoluble in water and poorly soluble in oil and fat, thus limiting their application. So far, many studies have been done to improve the oil solubility of phytosterols, but little research has been reported to improve their water solubility. In this study, hydrophilic phytosterol derivatives (phytosteryl polyethylene glycol succinate, PPGS) was efficiently synthesized, through an intermediate phytosteryl hemisuccinate (PSHS), which was first chemically prepared and subsequently coupled with polyethylene glycol (PEG) using acidic ionic liquids (IL) as catalyst via 2‐batch or 1‐pot stepwise esterification routes. The chemical structure of the products was characterized by thin layer chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy, suggesting that hydrophilic phytosterol derivatives were successfully synthesized. As for 2‐batch esterification route, the mass and molar conversion of PSHS to PPGS could reach above 97 and 88% under the optimum conditions: [BSO₃HMim][HSO₄] as the catalyst, IL load of 6%, molar ratio of PEG 2000 to PSHS at 1:1.25, 110 °C, and 1 hour. Using the 1‐pot stepwise route, the conversion of phytosterols to PSHS could achieve above 92% for 2 hours, and the mass and molar conversion of PSHS to PPGS could achieve above 97 and 90% for 12 extra hours. Both 2‐batch and 1‐pot stepwise routes using the same IL displayed high conversion, suggesting that IL [BSO₃HMim][HSO₄] could be used as the potential catalyst and 2 routes could be used as highly efficient route for PPGS synthesis.     

一种新型聚醚离子液体电解质的制备和表征

以端羟基聚环氧氯丙烷(PECH)、N-甲基咪唑(NMIM)为原料,制备了一种新型的含端羟基的聚醚离子液体(NMIM-g-PECH)。考察了反应温度、反应配比、反应时间、接枝PECH的数均相对分子质量对反应接枝率的影响;用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对聚醚离子液体进行了结构表征;对聚醚离子液体的溶解性、电化学稳定性和离子导电性进行了分析。结果表明合成聚醚离子液体的较优工艺条件为:反应时间10h,反应温度40℃,n(PECH中氯甲基):n(NMIM)=1.0:1.8,PECH的数均相对分子质量为1000,此条件下反应接枝率可达82.3%;所得聚醚离子液体具有良好溶解性、电化学稳定性、离子电导性能,质量分数为5%的这种聚醚离子液体甲醇溶液室温电导率可达2.40×10-3S/cm。     

复合离子液体催化碳酸乙烯酯水解制备乙二醇(英文)

An ionic liquid system of [Bmim]X/[Bmim]OH (X Cl, BF4, and PF6,) was developed for the hydrolysis of ethylene carbonate to ethylene glycol. The important parameters, such as the variety of ionic liquids, molar ratio of [Bmim]X to [Bmim]OH, amount of ionic liquid, molar ratio of water to ethylene carbonate, reaction temperature, pressure and reaction time, were investigated systematically. Excellent yield (>93%) and high selectivity (99.5%) of ethylene glycol were achieved. Under the optimum reaction conditions, the ionic liquid system could be reused at least five times and the selectivity of ethylene glycol remained higher than 99.5%.     

离子液体催化的萘并吡喃的合成研究

以碱性离子液体1-甲基-3-二甲氨基丙基咪唑四氟硼酸盐[Dmnpmim]BF4为催化剂,不同的芳香醛、1-萘酚和丙二腈为底物,合成了一系列萘并吡喃类衍生物。     

功能化活性炭固载离子液体催化剂

制备了活性炭固载溴化1-（2-胺乙基氢溴酸）-3-甲基咪唑翁盐离子液体催化剂,并用TG和XPS对催化剂进行了表征。将该催化剂首次用于Knoevenagel缩合反应,结果表明活性炭固载离子液体催化剂具有良好的催化活性和稳定性,同时克服了均相催化剂难以分离的不足。     

固载化离子液体催化环氧乙烷和二氧化碳合成碳酸乙烯酯

用溴化1-羟乙基-3-乙烯基咪唑、甲基丙烯酸钠、丙烯酸羟乙酯、苯乙烯4种单体共聚合成了高分子离子液体催化剂,表征了其结构. 将该催化剂固载到分子筛上制成固体颗粒催化剂,催化环氧乙烷(EO)与CO2合成碳酸乙烯酯(EC)的反应,考察了反应时间、温度、压力、催化剂用量对EO转化率及生成EC选择性的影响. 结果表明,在反应时间4 h、温度403.15 K、压力2.5 MPa、催化剂与环氧乙烷质量比9%的条件下,EO转化率为95%, EC选择性为98%,催化剂在循环使用10次后,EO转化率无明显下降,EC选择性接近100%. 该反应为一级反应,动力学方程为r=-dCEO/dt=9.872×104e-52.00/(RT)CEO.