SiC反射镜镜坯制备工艺的综述与探讨

本文从SiC和C／SiC复合材料的制备工艺出发,综述了各种制备SiC及C／SiC复合材料反射镜镜坯工艺的机理、优缺点和国内外研究现状。并对SiC及C,SiC复合材料用作反射镜镜坯提出了一些建议。     

C/SiC复合材料轻型反射镜光学改性涂层技术研究进展

轻型反射镜在空间光学系统中发挥着非常关键的作用,现在已发展到第四代C/SiC复合材料.C/SiC反射镜通常采用坯体+涂层的结构形式来满足轻量化和高分辨率的双重要求.因此,在反射镜制备过程中,涂层制备技术已成为制备反射镜材料的关键技术之一.目前涂层制备技术主要有CVD-SiC涂层技术、浆料预涂层Si/SiC涂层技术等.文章介绍了第四代C/SiC反射镜光学改性涂层的设计、制备,并介绍了近些年国内外的研究进展.     

Nicalon SiC纤维增强SiC复合材料制备工艺研究

本文对SiC纤维增强SiC复合材料的制备工艺进行了研究.将Nicalon SiC短纤维、SiC颗粒、钾长石、高岭土按设计的配方通过干法混合,干压成型后采用常压烧结法制备出SiCf/SiC复合材料;利用DTA分析混合粉体的热物理性能,采用XRD分析烧成前后材料的物相,利用SEM观察样品的显微结构,并测定了样品的致密度和抗弯强度.研究结果表明:常压烧结温度1115 ℃,保温时间2 h可制备出性能良好的SiCf/SiC复合材料.     

核用SiCf/SiC复合材料研究进展

核用SiC_f/SiC复合材料是国际上材料研究的一个热点,本文简要介绍了SiC_f/SiC复合材料的制备工艺,重点综述了SiC_f/SiC复合材料的抗辐照性能和耐腐蚀性能等方面的研究成果,详细介绍了SiC_f/SiC复合材料燃料包壳管的研究进展,并对核用SiC_f/SiC复合材料研究中需要关注的重点问题提出了几点思考。     

碳纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料的研究进展及应用

碳纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料具有密度低、高强度、高韧性和耐高温等综合性能,已得到世界各国高度重视.本文综述了碳纤维的研究进展,C_f/SiC复合材料的制备方法,并分析了各种制备方法的优缺点.概述了C_f/SiC复合材料作为高温热结构材料和制动材料的应用状况.最后,指出了有待解决的问题和今后的主要研究方向.     

金属基复合材料复合层的制备工艺及发展概况

金属基复合材料作为第三代复合材料,是21世纪复合材料的主要发展方向,其复合层的质量关系到该材料的组织性能是否满足使用要求.所以其复合层的制备工艺对复合材料的使用至关重要.本文概述了钢基复合材料先进的制备工艺及其发展概况,以期抛砖引玉,使该材料的制备工艺取得新的突破.     

Ti3SiC2基复合材料的研究现状及发展趋势

Ti3SiC2及Ti3SiC2复合材料是材料研究中的热点领域。介绍了Ti3SiC2基复合材料的体系选择、制备技术及其研究现状。指出了进一步研究应该解决的问题和未来的发展前景。最近，作者采用热压烧结工艺制备高纯致密Ti3SiC2/TiB2复合材料。     

反应熔体浸渗法制备C/SiC复合材料的显微结构与摩擦性能

C/SiC复合材料由于密度小、耐磨性好、耐高温等一系列优异性能,极有希望成为新一代的先进摩擦材料.反应熔体浸渗法由于工艺简单、成本低等优点最适合制造摩擦用C/SiC复合材料.本文采用反应熔体浸渗法制备C/SiC复合材料,进行显微结构和X射线衍射分析,测试试样的开气孔率、热扩散率及摩擦性能.结果表明材料致密度高,开气孔率为3.1～4.4%,热扩散率为0.089cm2/s.RMI工艺过程中有微小孔洞及裂纹产生.摩擦性能在后几次刹车实验时不稳定,还有待进一步提高.     

气相二氧化硅/碳化硅复合绝热材料的制备与表征

采用碳化硅微粉作为红外遮光剂,通过干法成型工艺制备了具有优良高温绝热性能的气相二氧化硅/碳化硅复合绝热材料.利用场发射扫描电镜、热重-差热分析、导热系数测定等方法对复合材料的微观结构和热性能进行分析,研究了SiC粒度、添加量和复合材料密度对复合材料绝热性能的影响.结果表明:SiC的引入可明显降低红外辐射传热,有效提高材料高温绝热性能;当复合材料使用温度为500℃时,较适宜的SiC添加量为25%(质量分数),平均粒径约为3.029μm;此外,在满足材料力学性能要求的同时应尽可能降低其密度.     

连续纤维增强碳化硅复合材料界面区研究进展

界面区对于连续纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的性能水平有着决定性的影响,其中以纤维/基体界面涂层最为关键.本文介绍了常见的四种界面区类型,在探讨界面区作用机制与要求的基础上,综述了C/SiC和SiC/SiC复合材料中C、BN、碳化物、氧化物等界面涂层材料及其制备技术的研究现状,指出了存在的问题与发展趋势.     

Stereolithography 3D printing of SiC ceramic with potential for lightweight optical mirror

Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic is the most prospective candidate material for space-based lightweight optical mirror. Stereolithography 3D printing has been reported to fabricate many kinds of ceramics, showing great potential for fabricating lightweight SiC ceramic optical mirror. In this paper, SiC ceramic was fabricated using stereolithography 3D printing combined with polymer burn-out, pre-sintering, and precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP). The relative density, flexural strength, and microstructure during each step were investigated. The as-prepared lightweight SiC ceramic optical mirror exhibited high accuracy and high quality. Finally, it was proved that stereolithography 3D printing has a great potential for lightweight SiC ceramic optical mirror fabrication.     

空间望远镜用C/SiC镜面研制综述

综述了空间望远镜的主镜用高强度、高表面精度、低热膨胀系数的低温（约4K）用镜面的制备和检测过程.日本将Φ710mm的高强度反应烧结SiC材料已用于红外望远镜镜面.在短切炭纤维增强C/C复合材料毛坯的基础上进行液相硅渗透（LSI）而制备的C/SiC复合材料在光学镜面方面具有更大的优势.通过提高C/C复合材料毛坯中沥青基炭纤维体积分数及控制硅化速度,可有效地提高LSI-C/SiC复合材料的机械性能和表面光学精度;通过不同规格的炭纤维的混杂化,可使C/SiC复合材料热膨胀系数的各向异性降低至小于4％的差异.SiC、Si-SiC浆料涂层处理可有效地提高表面精度至2 nm rms的极高要求.     

Finite element-based machine learning approach for optimization of process parameters to produce silicon carbide ceramic complex parts

Design and fabrication of silicon carbide ceramic complex parts introduce considerable difficulties during injection molding. Due to the great importance in processing optimization, an accurate prediction on the stress and displacement is required to obtain the desired final product. In this paper, a conceptual framework on combination of finite element method (FEM) and machine learning (ML) method was developed to optimize the injection molding process, which can be used to manufacture large-aperture silicon carbide mirror. The distribution characteristics of temperature field and stress field were extracted from FEM simulation to understand the injection molding process and construct database for ML modeling. To select the most appropriate model, the predictive performance of three ML models were estimated, including generalized regression neural network (GRNN), back propagation neural network (BPNN) and extreme learning machine (ELM). The results show that the developed ELM model exhibits exceptional predictive performance and can be utilized to predict the stress and displacement of the green body. This work allows us to obtain reasonable technique parameters with particular attention to the loading speed and provides some fundamental guidance for the fabrication of lightweight SiC ceramic optical mirror.     

反射镜材料的选择及SiC反射镜的应用

本文从反射镜材料选择的基本要求出发,以材料的热物理性能、力学性能、光学可加工性、化学稳定性和安全性为依据,认为SiC材料是今后反射镜材料的首选,另外还介绍了SiC反射镜的应用领域以及提出了未来SiC材料用作反射镜时的一些建议.     

碳化硅光学镜面加工

简要介绍了碳化硅光学镜面的主要应用领域;碳化硅材料的主要物理特性和几种常用的制备方法;比较了碳化硅材料与其他常用光学镜面介质材料的主要物理性质。介绍了碳化硅光学镜面的光学加工的流程和加工手段;比较分析了碳化硅光学镜面的光学加工过程各个步骤中所应用的磨具、磨料和加工方法。讨论了光学加工过程中各个步骤工艺参数的选择和降低碳化硅光学镜面表面粗糙度的途径。最后,简介了美国、俄罗斯和我国在碳化硅反射镜的光学加工方面所取得的成果。     

Development and characterization of silicon dioxide clad silicon carbide optics for terrestrial and space applications

Silicon carbide (SiC), a non-oxide ceramic with superior thermo-mechanical stability, chemical and radiation resistive properties, finds extensive utilization in optical instruments for terrestrial and space applications. However, its inherent porous texture (α-HCP) becomes a deterrent for high-performance optical telescopes, although several techniques of surface alterations over sintered or reaction-bonded SiC are available. In the present work, the physical vapour deposition (PVD) technique is adopted to deposit a thick (～5 μm) Silicon dioxide (SiO₂) clad layer on a sintered and optically polished SiC (SSiC) substrate. SiO₂ clad layer coated SSiC (SDO-SSiC) substrate reduces the surface porosity of SSiC which is found to be suitable for optical mirror application. Finally, an Al based reflective and oxides protective coatings are deposited on SiO₂ clad layer to achieve reflective behaviour. The surface figure of 75 nm PV (peak-to-valley) and less than 2 nm surface micro-roughness values are achieved which meets the stringent optical telescope specifications for terrestrial and space applications. The structural and nano-mechanical properties of presently developed SiO₂ clad layer-based SiC telescopic mirror have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and nanoindentation techniques. The optical properties are investigated by optical profilometry and wavelength based spectrometric (both in visible and infrared ranges) techniques. Finally, space worthiness studies viz., thermo-vacuum, thermal storage, thermal shock and relative humidity tests have been carried out successfully. The process of cleaning, grinding and polishing at each substrate preparation stage and coatings are also reported comprehensively.     

层状陶瓷Ti3SiC2的研究现状

新型层状陶瓷Ti3SiC2兼有金属和陶瓷的许多优良性能,具有高的热导率和电导率,易加工,同时具有良好的抗热震性、抗氧化性和高温稳定性.在高温结构陶瓷、电极材料、可加工陶瓷材料、自润滑材料等领域的应用有着很好的前景.本文综合评述了Ti3SiC2的性能、制备技术及应用等.     

Ti3SiC2及其复合材料的研究现状及发展趋势

介绍了Ti3SiC2陶瓷材料的微观结构与性能,认为该材料良好的综合性能有望解决陶瓷材料的脆性问题.并概述了Ti3SiC2及Ti3SiC2基复合材料各种制备方法的特点和研究状况、应用前景和发展趋势.     

Ti_3SiC_2及其复合材料的研究现状及发展趋势

介绍了Ti3 SiC2陶瓷材料的微观结构与性能,认为该材料良好的综合性能有望解决 陶瓷材料的脆性问题。并概述了Ti3SiC2及Ti3SiC2基复合材料各种制备方法的特点和研究状 况、应用前景和发展趋势。     

Fabrication process and mechanical properties of C/SiC corrugated core sandwich panel

Carbon fiber reinforced SiC composite is a kind of promising high-temperature thermal protection structural material owing to the excellent oxidative resistance and superior mechanical properties at high temperatures. In this work, a novel design and fabrication process of lightweight C/SiC corrugated core sandwich panel will be proposed. The compressive and three-point bending of the C/SiC corrugated sandwich panels are conducted by experiment and numerical simulation. The relative density of as-prepared C/SiC sandwich panel and the density composite material are 1.1 and 2.1 g/cm³, respectively. As the density of the C/SiC sandwich panel is only 52.3% of the bulk C/SiC, suggesting that lightweight characteristic is realized. Moreover, the C/SiC sandwich panel manifests itself as linear-elastic behavior before failure in compression and the strength is as high as 15.1 MPa. The failure mode is governed by the core shear failure and panel interlayer cracking. The load capacity under the three-point bending C/SiC composite sandwich panel is 1947.0 N. The main failure behavior is core shear failure. The stress distribution under the compression and three-point bend was simulated by FE analysis, and the results of numerical simulations are in accordance with the experimental results.