Nonrepeatable Run-out Rejection Using Online Iterative Control for High-Density Data Storage

The spectra of disturbances and noises affecting precise servo positioning for ultrahigh-density storage in future hard disk drives are time-varying and remain unknown. In this paper, we propose an online iterative control algorithm that sets the measured position error signal (PES) into the servo system to achieve high track densities by minimizing the square of the H₂-norm of the transfer function from nonrepeatable run-out (NRRO) disturbances to the true PES. It is not necessary to solve any algebraic Riccati equations and linear matrix inequalities. The algorithm constructs an online repeatable run-out estimator to extract NRRO components for gradient estimates, thereby preventing the controller parameters from being trapped in a local minima. Experimental results on a PC-based servo system for a spinstand show an improvement of 22% in 3sigma NRRO and suppression of baseline NRRO spectrum     

Study of Lithographically Defined Data Track and Servo Patterns

We report on fabrication of discrete tracks on perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) media with an e-beam lithographical process. We studied the recording performance of the e-beam media on a spinstand in parallel with conventional PMR media. Discrete track media show significant reduction in adjacent track erasure (ATE). We studied and quantitatively measured the source of the ATE improvement, and developed a triple track geometrical model to calculate achievable track density for both discrete track recording (DTR) and continuous media. From the model, we identify two factors of DTR that contribute to reaching a higher TPI. Using the same fabrication technique, we also studied servo burst design and its playback waveform quality. At 250 ktpi, we compare DTR servo bursts with servo bursts written with a conventional method. DTR servo bursts show better edge definition, which can translate to better position error signal sensitivity and support higher TPI in the future.Discrete tracks are fabricated on conventional PMR media with an e-beam litho graphical process. The recording performance is studied on a spinstand in parallel with conventional PMR media. Discrete track media shows significant reduction in adjacent track erasure (ATE). The source of the ATE improvement is studied and quantitatively measured. A triple track geometrical model is developed to calculate achievable track density for both DTR and continuous media. From the model, we identify two factors of DTR, which contribute to reaching a higher TPI. Using the same fabrication technique, we also study servo burst design and its playback waveform quality. At 250 ktpi, we compare DTR servo bursts and servo bursts written with a conventional method. DTR servo bursts show better edge definition, which can translate to better PES signal sensitivity and support higher TPI in the future.     

Dynamic Modeling and Control of a Piezo-Electric Dual-Stage Tape Servo Actuator

We present a data-based approach for modeling and controller design of a dual-stage tape servo actuator. Our method uses step response measurements and a generalized realization algorithm to identify a multivariable discrete-time model of the actuator. The data acquisition and modeling can be implemented in the servo firmware of a tape drive. We have designed a dual-stage controller, based on the model, using loop shaping techniques adopted for multivariable control problems. We applied the procedure to the prototype of a dual-stage actuator tape head to reduce the effect of lateral tape motion. The prototype consists of a conventional voice coil motor for coarse positioning and a micro-actuator for fine positioning. The micro-actuator, which is mounted on the voice coil motor, uses a piezo crystal to follow high-frequency lateral tape motion (up to the kilohertz regime), while the voice coil motor follows only low-frequency lateral tape motion. Compared to a single-stage design, the dual-stage servo design provides a 25% bandwidth improvement and a voice coil motor control signal that is much smaller in magnitude.      

激光切割高精度Z轴调高随动控制系统设计

目的 设计一种基于STM32主控制器芯片与FPGA从控制器芯片的激光切割高精度Z轴调高随动控制系统。方法 介绍该控制系统的工作原理、硬件设计、软件设计以及微电容测量电路的仿真实验。同时,针对系统随动过程中存在干扰的现象,提出基于滑动平均值滤波算法的改进滤波算法。结果 经过上机切割测试验证,该随动控制系统动态跟随精度为0.01 mm,最大跟随速度为500 mm/s。结论 该随动控制系统能够使激光切割机床实现高速高精度的切割。     

基于工控机变频调速的包装印刷传动位置控制系统的研究

在传动系统中，高性能的控试系统和高性能的控制系统需要高性能的数据采集系统。介绍了利用数据采集卡PC-6333的可编程计数功能与全数字变频器MSD系列的脉冲位置控制功能组成的一种应用于包装印刷传动系统中的高精度位置控制系统，并实现了硬件与软件的开发。     

基于小波分析的模糊控制算法应用

针对空间跟踪系统的特点及对伺服控制的技术要求,采用基于小波分析的模糊控制器,将小波基函数作为隶属函数,可根据误差在线调整隶属函数的形状,使模糊控制具有更优、更强的自适应能力。仿真与实验结果表明这种控制器比常规的PID控制器具有更好的动态性能和抗干扰能力,能很好的用于跟踪系统的控制。     

物理光学图象探测系统的研究

研究一种适用于物理光学实验中信号接收及数据采集的图象探测系统。该系统以自扫描光电二极管列阵ＳＳＰＡ（Ｓｅｌｆ Ｓｅａｎｎｉｎｇ Ｐｈｏｔｏｄｉｏｄｅ Ａｒｒａｙ）作为光信号接收器件。以ＰＣ机作籽控制和信息处理部分,从而提高了物理光学实验的测试水平。为满足上述要求,设计了地ＳＳＰＡ视频信号的１２位Ａ／Ｄ数据采集接口卡及相关程序。     

A proximate-time-optimal-control design and its application to a hard disk drive dual-stage actuator system

We propose a compensator-based strategy for design of a track-seeking and track-following control system for a dual-stage servo actuator in hard disk drives. A well-known decoupling structure is employed to disconnect the control of the primary voice coil motor (VCM) actuator from the loop for a secondary high-bandwidth actuator. The compensator is placed in the secondary loop and suitably combined with a saturation nonlinearity in order to obtain actuator signal boundedness. The design procedure consists of four steps: 1) design of an established nonlinear seek-settle-track following controller for the VCM; 2) design of a linear track following controller for the secondary actuator; 3) observer design; and 4) design of a compensator to retain global stability and to improve performance. The proposed control system improves performance of both long-span seeking (proximate-time-optimal controller) and short-span seeking. In addition, it achieves high-bandwidth track following performance. The experimental results show good track-following performance, and short-span/long-span-seeking performance with fast settling time. The overshoot during track seeking can be made negligible for a suitably tuned VCM-actuator control loop.     

基于前馈预测的电液伺服PID控制系统

根据预测控制思想,针对已有的电液伺服调速系统模型,设计了一种基于前馈预测的PID控制系统。该控制系统不依赖对象的精确数学模型,利用预测控制的快速性以及自适应性等特点,通过滚动优化与PID相结合来确定系统当前时刻的控制量。仿真实验结果表明,该文建立的新型控制器能够满足现有的电液伺服调速系统的控制性能要求,实现对该系统的快速精确控制。     

基于改进FNN-CCC的双伺服压力机同步控制策略研究

目的 改善双伺服压力机同步控制策略的动态响应性能和鲁棒性,提升双伺服压力机的单轴跟踪精度和双轴同步精度,实现成形过程的高精度位置控制。方法 建立双伺服压力机驱动系统数学模型,分析系统同步误差来源,结合模糊神经网络单轴控制算法,引入迭代学习律,设计一种改进模糊神经网络-交叉耦合（FNN-CCC）同步控制器。基于系统控制模型进行单轴阶跃响应特性与双轴正弦跟随特性仿真,搭建嵌入式双伺服压力机驱动系统试验平台,在偏载干扰条件下进行双轴同步控制试验,验证所提出理论的有效性。结果 仿真结果表明,与模糊控制算法和BP神经网络控制算法相比,该控制器单轴控制算法的超调量分别减少了11.5%和25.5%,调节时间分别减少了48.8%和34.4%,具有更好的动态响应性能。与原控制器相比,改进后的交叉耦合同步控制器最大双轴同步误差降低了65.7%,同步控制精度有所提高。试验结果表明,与传统PID-交叉耦合控制器相比,改进的FNN-CCC控制器有更好的控制性能,在热冲压合模成形阶段,单轴跟踪误差分别减小了81.8%和75.0%,双轴同步误差减小了69.2%。结论 所提出的同步控制策略在偏载干扰条件下具有较好的动...     

数字舰炮随动系统精度测试分析

对数字舰炮随动系统跟踪精度的角差量测试方法及全角量测试方法进行了分析,并用典型的SDC(Synchro-to-Digital Conversion,同步机数字转换器,1700/2系列)模块,对角差量测试方法在MATLAB平台上进行了仿真试验,发现传统的角差量测量方法用于采用SDC模块的舰炮随动系统存在不可忽略的测量误差.提出了采用全角量测量方法,利用误差相消原理对舰炮随动系统输入信号进行变换、测量的方案,仿真试验结果表明:该方法可大大减小数字舰炮随动系统精度测试误差.     

电液伺服系统的微分与积分滑模变结构控制

针对电液系统的非线性特性及其参数不确定性,在电液伺服系统的速度跟踪控制中,提出了一种非线性微分与积分滑模变结构控制(DI-SVSC)策略。在滑模控制中引入积分控制项,消除了传统滑模变结构控制需要被跟踪信号导数已知的假设,利用一非线性微分控制消除了系统的抖振现象。在积分滑模控制与非线性微分控制中,分别给出了切换函数、非线性微分系数及控制器的设计方法。仿真结果显示,该控制方法具有较强的鲁棒性及良好的跟踪性能。     

基于神经网络优化的交流自抗扰伺服系统控制

目的 为了解决传统交流永磁同步电机伺服自抗扰控制系统中外界扰动、非线性特性和本身自抗扰控制中参数较多且整定难的问题.方法 利用小波神经网络对自抗扰控制中的扩张状态观测器的误差校正系数进行在线整定,设计出基于小波神经网络优化的自抗扰控制器及相关的控制系统,以实现对整体控制系统的性能优化,并通过在Matlab/SIMULINK仿真实验与传统PID伺服控制系统和未进行优化的交流自抗扰伺服系统进行对比验证.结果 仿真结果表明,基于小波神经网络优化的交流永磁同步电机伺服自抗扰控制系统对目标位置动态响应快、稳态误差小、抗干扰能力强,稳态时转矩脉动小.结论 与常规未优化自抗扰伺服系统和传统PID伺服系统相比,基于小波神经网络优化后的自抗扰伺服系统,能有效地提高伺服系统控制性能和鲁棒性.     

Flexible servo riveting system control strategy based on the RBF network and self-pierce riveting process

As more and more composite materials are used in lightweight vehicle white bodies, self-pierce riveting (SPR) technology has attracted great attention. However, the existing riveting tools still have the disadvantages of low efficiency and flexibility. To improve these disadvantages and the riveting qualification rate, this paper improves the control scheme of the existing riveting tools, and proposes a novel controller design approach of the flexible servo riveting system based on the RBF network and SPR process. Firstly, this paper briefly introduces the working principle and SPR procedure of the servo riveting tool. Then a moving component force analysis is performed, which lays the foundation for the motion control. Secondly, the riveting quality inspection rules of traditional riveting tools are used for reference to plan the force-displacement curve autonomously. To control this process, the riveting force is fed back into the closed-loop control of the riveting tool and the riveting speed is computed based on the admittance control algorithm. Then, this paper adopts the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) as the power of riveting tool, and proposes an integral sliding mode control approach based on the improved reaching law and the radial basis function (RBF) network friction compensation for the PMSM speed control. Finally, the proposed control approach is simulated by Matlab, and is applied to the servo riveting system designed by our laboratory. The simulation and riveting results show the feasibility of the designed controller. The full text can be downloaded at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40436-022-00403-3     

Adaptive compensation for position error signal nonlinearity

The magnetoresistive (MR) magnetic head is a poor positioning transducer for a disk file's servo control system because its positioning response is nonlinear with radial displacement. This paper shows how the MR head's poor positioning properties are alleviated by a self-adjusting adaptive algorithm that allows a disk file to linearize its own servo position error signal (PES). The adaptive linearizer uses a nonlinear state estimator whose nonlinearity adjusts to match the nonlinearity of the PES. As the match between the two nonlinearities adaptively improves, the state estimator gives increasingly accurate estimates of the true actuator position     

A new adaptive control of dual-motor driving servo system with backlash nonlinearity

In order to weaken the influence of backlash nonlinearity on a dual-motor driving servo system, we first establish the state-space model of the system. We then propose a new adaptive controller combining a projection algorithm with backstepping control for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and analyze its stability. In the simulation analysis, we respectively choose a triangular wave, sawtooth wave, and random signal as the input signal. Simulation results validate a higher tracking accuracy and stronger adaptability of the proposed control law than that of mere backstepping control. In the experimental tests, we respectively choose a step signal and sine signal and simultaneously apply a white noise signal to the system output after 3 s in each test. The test results validate a stronger adaptability and robustness than that of mere backstepping control.     

Optimal Narrow-Band Disturbance Filter for PZT-Actuated Head Positioning Control on a Spinstand

Narrow-band position error at midfrequencies around the open-loop crossover frequency cannot be effectively reduced by using a conventional peak filter, because the attenuation of sensitivity gains has to be traded off with the associated decrease of phase margin. This paper presents a general second-order filter that can reject narrow-band disturbances at any frequency range. The filter zero is designed to minimally degrade the closed-loop system stability and obtain a smooth sensitivity curve around the disturbance frequency. The paper presents a nonlinear optimization procedure for selecting the filter parameters so that the statistical position error is minimized. Experimental results of a piezoelectrically actuated head positioning control system on a spinstand demonstrate that the add-on filter can further reduce the midfrequency nonrepeatable runout of the position error signal by 8% and preserve the stability margin of the original feedback control system     

Microprocessor-Based Walsh?Fourier Spectral Analyzer

A microprocessor-based Walsh-Fourier spectral analyzer is described. It includes the sampling of the incoming signal at 64 times the input signal frequency, using a special purpose frequency multiplier module (FMM), storing the digital data in a permuted sequence in the system memory under the control of a direct memory access (DMA) controller, and performing a fast Walsh-Hadamard transform (FWHT) of the permuted data sequence. The system uses a single board computer SBC80/10 in an Intel System 80/10 and a special purpose board which includes FMM, DMA, and A/D conversion circuits. Fourier coefficients are obtained via a Walsh to Fourier conversion algorithm; the total process is then faster than the Cooley-Tukey FFT algorithm for a data length of 64 or less.     

xPC目标在EPS试验台电机控制中的应用

针对汽车电动助力转向试验平台,利用Matlab/Simulink和xPC 目标工具箱实现了对伺服电机的控制.通过组建低成本的双机型快速实时仿真系统,开发xPC目标工具箱下PCI-1720数据卡的驱动程序,连接试验电路,并对电动助力转向试验平台中的伺服电机进行加载实验,结果表明xPC控制的伺服电机能够随着转角变化而加载相应变化的转矩,达到了通过双机型实时控制伺服电机加载的目的.通过开发xPC的驱动程序扩展了xPC工具箱的应用范围,增强了Matlab与硬件通信的能力.     

Repetitive controller design for minimum track misregistration in hard disk drives

Repetitive control is a widely used technique for the compensation of repeatable error in systems that contain rotating mechanisms or repeat a trajectory. Generally, it includes delay chains and a low-pass filter in the positive feedback loop, which generate a periodic signal. The controller has typically been implemented in a plug-in fashion and designed heuristically with the simplest form of the filter. However, this design approach is somewhat ambiguous in the selection of controller parameters because of its influence over nonharmonic frequencies. Also, it leaves the possibility for further improvement. This paper presents an improved design method for the repetitive controller that provides minimum track misregistration (TMR) in a hard disk drive (HDD). For TMR prediction, the method identifies disturbances acting on an HDD and estimates servo performance, using the identification result. We have confirmed the identification and estimation procedure through experiments. In our method, first the basic tracking controller is designed and later the repetitive controller is designed in conjunction with a Q filter. A cost function based on Parseval's theorem, reflecting the servo performance as TMR, is defined. Then the servo performance is estimated from the identified disturbance, and the plant and designed controller's frequency response are modified as necessary by changing the parameters of the controller, whose optimization is carried out with a commercial nonlinear optimization tool. The design strategy facilitates the controller design by providing an accurate estimation for the attainable servo performance and design criteria under the optimization framework.