镁合金激光重熔后微弧氧化膜的微观组织和耐蚀性能

为了改善WE43镁合金的耐蚀性能,采用激光重熔(LSM)和微弧氧化(MAO)复合工艺对其表面进行了改性。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究了WE43镁合金及其激光重熔层、微弧氧化膜层和激光重熔-微弧氧化膜层的微观组织、表面形貌和物相;通过GAMARY-Reference 600电化学工作站研究了其腐蚀行为,重点研究了镁合金激光重熔后微弧氧化膜层的微观组织、成分和耐蚀性能。结果表明:激光重熔使WE43镁合金晶粒细化、网状的β-Mg41Nd5相均匀分布和表面稀土元素Y及Nd增加,有效地改善了其耐蚀性能;微弧氧化膜和激光重熔后的微弧氧化膜层都可以显著提高WE43镁合金的耐蚀性能,但后者优于前者。     

纳米Al_2O_3掺杂对AM60B镁合金表面微弧氧化膜层结构和耐蚀性的影响

为促进大面积镁合金表面耐蚀性能优良的微弧氧化膜层的工业化生产,在硅酸盐水溶液中掺杂纳米Al_2O_3颗粒对AM60B镁合金进行微弧氧化;采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪及盐雾试验分析了掺杂纳米Al_2O_3颗粒对氧化膜层的形成过程、形貌、成分以及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:掺杂纳米Al_2O_3微弧氧化膜物相组成主要有MgO、MgAl_2O_4、Mg_2Si_2O_4、Al_2O_3,纳米Al_2O_3的掺杂能提高氧化膜的密度,促进薄膜生长,使表面孔隙分布更均匀,尺寸更小;掺杂纳米Al_2O_3氧化膜的耐蚀性较未掺杂氧化膜的大幅提高。     

AZ31镁合金的微弧氧化处理及其对粘接性能的影响

采用正交试验方法对镁合金硅酸盐体系的微弧氧化处理工艺进行优化,采用SEM、EDS、XPS和XRD对微弧氧化膜的微观成分与结构进行了表征,进而分析探讨了电解液成分及氧化参数对镁合金表面膜粘接性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,所研究的几种工艺参数对AZ31镁合金表面的粘接性能的影响程度从小到大排列为:KOH的浓度<频率相似文献   

石蜡封孔的稀土镁合金微弧氧化膜的耐蚀性

为提高Mg-10.0Gd-2.0Y-0.4Zr稀土镁合金微弧氧化膜的耐蚀性,对其进行了石蜡封孔,采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、能谱仪（EDS）分析微弧氧化膜的组成;利用测厚仪、扫描电镜（SEM）、润湿角测定仪测定封孔前后微弧氧化膜的厚度、形貌、亲水性;通过电化学测试和盐雾试验评价了石蜡封孔前后膜层的耐蚀性。结果表明:稀土镁合金微弧氧化膜具有多孔结构,膜层包含MgO和Mg₂SiO₄ 2种晶相物质;石蜡封孔后,膜的微孔完全被石蜡分子填充,表面憎水性能得到了大幅度提升;经石蜡封孔处理后微弧氧化膜的耐蚀性得到了显著提高。     

硫酸铜浓度对镁合金微弧氧化膜层热控性能的影响

为了提高镁合金的热防护性能,在硅酸盐、磷酸盐、铝酸盐等电解液体系中引入硫酸铜,采用微弧氧化技术在MB15镁合金表面制备微弧氧化膜层。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、能谱仪(EDS)和CIE颜色系统研究了电解液中硫酸铜浓度对涂层的色度、厚度、粗糙度和热控性能的影响。结果表明:微弧氧化膜层微观上具备典型的多孔结构,铝酸盐涂层主要由MgAl_2O_4晶相组成,硅酸盐涂层主要由MgO晶相和Mg_2SiO_4晶相组成,磷酸盐涂层主要由MgO晶相组成,而各膜层中的Cu元素均以非晶相形式存在;随着硫酸铜浓度增加,3种体系制备的膜层表面颜色均向黑色过渡,微孔数量增多;硅酸盐体系和磷酸盐体系中制备的微弧氧化膜层具有高吸收率和高发射率等特点,而铝酸盐体系中制备的微弧氧化膜层具有高吸收率和低发射率的特点。     

微弧氧化对镁合金摩擦及胶接性能的影响

为解决镁合金表面耐摩擦和胶接性能较差的问题,采用微弧氧化法在MB15镁合金原位生长微弧氧化膜层.利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、摩擦磨损试验机和万能拉伸实验机对膜层的结构组成、表面形貌、摩擦性能和胶接性能进行了研究.结果表明：MB15镁合金表面微弧氧化后可以形成均匀多孔的陶瓷涂层,膜层由MgO和MgAl2O4组成,经微弧氧化...     

镁合金微弧氧化着色电解液的研究进展

微弧氧化能提高镁合金表面硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性,作为一种实用性强的新型表面改性技术,其装饰性也日渐受到关注。在电解液中添加着色盐,可改变氧化膜层颜色,并直接影响膜层组织和性能。简述了微弧氧化着色原理及其特点,重点分析了近年来着色电解液中基础电解液、着色盐和添加剂的研究进展及不同组分对膜层性能的影响,初步探讨了着色电解液的未来发展方向。     

镁合金微弧氧化膜的制备工艺研究

为获得所要求厚度的镁合金微弧氧化膜,研究了镁合金制备工艺.采用正交设计法优化实验方案,运用综合平衡法对每个方案下制备的氧化膜的厚度和膜层的硬度进行了分析.确定了各因素对氧化膜的影响程度,并优先被弧氧化工艺配方,确定了最佳工艺条件,并对最佳工艺条件下制备的氧化膜的微观形貌、结构、硬度以及耐腐蚀性进行了研究.结果表明:最佳工艺配方是NaOH100g/L,铝盐40g/L,氧化电压为45 V,电解液温度35℃;氧化膜主要由致密的阻挡层和多孔的疏松层构成,其主要成分是MgAl2O4 和少量的MgO、Al2O3,经微弧氧化后其硬度和耐腐蚀性较镁合金基体有很大提高.     

阶段占空比模式下微弧氧化膜层的性能

占空比是微弧氧化过程中的重要参数,目前研究多针对恒定单一占空比模式。为此,在优化的复合电解液体系中对ZK60镁合金进行微弧氧化处理,研究微弧氧化过程中阶段调节不同占空比对微弧氧化膜层性能的影响。通过电压-时间曲线分析微弧氧化膜层生长特性,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)、激光共聚焦显微镜、全浸试验等手段对膜层微观结构及性能进行表征。结果表明:阶段调节占空比模式下,微弧氧化初期应采用较大占空比有利于钝化膜击穿,微弧氧化中期适当降低占空比有利于膜层平稳生长,膜层生长后期采用较小占空比可以较好地修复膜层;当阶段占空比参数设置为60%-50%-40%时,膜层微观结构均匀致密,在3.5%溶液中室温浸泡120 h后的腐蚀速率为0.100 7 g/(m~2·h),表现出良好的耐蚀性;膜层与基体结合牢固,其最高临界载荷为8.95 N。     

镁合金表面微弧氧化-SiO2复合膜层的微观结构和耐蚀性

采用有机醇盐水解法制备SiO2溶胶,用浸溃-提拉制膜技术在AZ31B镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷层表面制备SiO2膜层,研究了镁合金表面微弧氧化-SiO2复合膜层的微观结构和耐蚀性.结果表明:SiO2溶胶进入微弧氧化陶瓷层表面的微孔并形成了SiO2膜层;由微弧氧化陶瓷层和SiO2膜层组成的复合膜层的腐蚀电位比单一陶瓷层明显提高,...     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.