多巴胺表面修饰胶原膜促进细胞粘附和增殖的研究

多巴胺已经被广泛地用于材料的表面修饰改性,能够提高材料的生物相容性,赋予材料新的反应活性。为了考察多巴胺表面修饰胶原膜对其机械强度、湿热稳定性、亲水性和生物相容性的影响,对多巴胺自组装表面修饰胶原膜不同时间形成的膜材料进行研究,结果发现,经过多巴胺自组装表面修饰后,胶原保持完整的三股螺旋结构,膜材料的机械强度、湿热稳定性和亲水性均得到提高,而且成纤维细胞更易于在膜上粘附和增殖。     

胶原基生物材料制备与应用研究进展

胶原因具有良好的亲水性、柔韧性和趋化性、生物相容性、生物降解性，被认为是改善组织再生最重要的生物材料之一，并广泛应用于食品、化妆品以及再生医学领域。但是，在提取过程中，胶原的结构和自然交联键会遭到破坏，导致其机械强度、热稳定性和抗酶解能力都低于自然状态。受到天然胶原在组织重塑和修复过程中自然交联的启发，研究人员通过引入外源性交联（化学、物理和生物）来优化胶原基材料的机械强度和稳定性。目前，外源性化学、物理或生物交联已被用于修饰胶原的分子结构，通过这些方法制备的胶原基支架材料的刚度、抗张强度和压缩模量都明显提高，但是材料的延展性降低。这些方法主要是通过限制胶原三螺旋结构分子间α链的自由度，防止胶原微纤维排列的破坏，从而提高胶原的热稳定性和机械强度。另外，通过分子间交联掩盖胶原的酶切割位点，能够提高胶原对酶促降解的抵抗力。但是这些方法仍然有一些缺陷，如存在细胞毒性和降低胶原的活性等。研究者们制备了不同物理结构的胶原基材料（脱细胞基质、海绵、水凝胶、自组装纤维、膜、管和多孔球等），以更好地促进不同组织或器官的再生。因此，了解胶原基材料的交联方法和制备技术进展，对开发新型的胶原基生物支架材料至...     

氧化铱/聚多巴胺/层粘连蛋白仿生涂层的制备

神经电极的生物相容性是制约植入式神经假体长期使用功效的核心要素,对电极表面进行修饰改性可有效提高电极活性。本研究利用射频磁控溅射和循环伏安法在钛基体表面形成氧化铱薄膜,通过多巴胺氧化自聚合修饰氧化铱薄膜,进一步在涂层表面接枝层粘连蛋白实现二次功能化,完成仿生涂层的构建。对涂层的理化性质研究表明,其机械稳定性较好,表面亲水性以及电化学性能得到显著提高,并且无细胞毒性,促细胞粘附能力较好。     

静电自组装表面修饰HA/PA6膜:表征及其细胞相容性研究

通过表面改性引入活性生物分子可以用来增强材料表面的生物相容性。采用静电自组装技术将明胶和聚乙烯亚胺引入羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺6(HA/PA6)材料表面,最终获得大分子修饰的复合材料。利用水接触角测量(WCA)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和原子力显微镜(AFM)测试手段对表面改性前后HA/PA6膜的表面化学、亲水性和表面形貌进行表征。并研究了其对细胞活性的影响。结果表明,改性后膜表面的亲水性增强,粗糙度增大。体外细胞实验表明,明胶涂层后的HA/PA6表面细胞更利粘附、铺展和生长。该固定方法模拟细胞外基质组成制备出的生物活性膜能进一步满足生物医学工程需求。     

聚乳酸材料的仿生修饰研究进展

聚乳酸是生物可降解、生物相容性材料,但由于存在亲水性差、缺乏细胞识别位点等缺陷,限制了其在生物医学工程中的应用.模拟细胞与基质相互作用的特点以及细胞外基质的特性,通过表面修饰、本体改性和复合加工的方法在聚乳酸中引入蛋白胶原、活性肽、多糖以及羟基磷灰石等生物活性分子,实现聚乳酸的仿生修饰,能够有效提高聚乳酸材料的生物学功能.综述了利用这些生物活性分子对聚乳酸进行仿生修饰的研究进展.     

多巴胺的自聚-附着行为与膜表面功能化

多巴胺(dopamine)是一种生物神经递质,在水溶液条件下,它能在溶解氧的作用下发生氧化-交联反应,形成强力附着于固体材料表面的聚多巴胺复合薄层.基于多巴胺的这一特性,近年来膜技术研究者们通过多巴胺在固体基膜上的自聚-复合,对膜进行表面改性,并以具有反应活性的聚多巴胺复合层为平台,对膜进行进一步的表面修饰,实现膜的功...     

二氧化硅表面单层自组装膜的修饰及其微加工研究进展

单层自组装膜是指溶液中的有机功能分子通过分子间及其与基体材料之间反应形成的稳定、有序的界面分子组装体系,其最大特点是有机功能分子与固体基质表面之间化学结合,稳定性高。综述了二氧化硅表面单层自组装膜的研究现状,总结了二氧化硅表面单层自组装膜的修饰及在微观上的加工技术,并对各种技术的原理和应用状况加以描述,最后展望了二氧化硅表面单层自组装膜的发展前景。     

非晶碳膜的表面润湿性对生物相容性的影响

采用等离子体注入沉积方法(PⅢ-D),混合通入C2H2、Ar或N2,制备了具有不同表面润湿性的非晶碳薄膜a-CH和掺N非晶碳薄膜a-CNH.采用Raman及XPS方法对薄膜的结构进行了分析,采用血小板黏附实验评价薄膜的抗凝血性能,采用材料表面的内皮细胞培养,对材料的细胞毒性以及生物相容性进行评价.结果表明非晶碳膜的生物相容性的提高与其表面的润湿性的变化密切相关,可通过掺杂特定的元素,增加a-CH薄膜表面张力的极性倾向,提高非晶碳膜的亲水性,来进一步改进a-CH薄膜的生物相容性,特别是血液相容性.     

通用高分子材料的化学和生物改性及其血液相容性研究

功能化与高性能化的通用高分子材料在医用耗材及器械领域有着广泛的应用。作为重要的医用材料之一,血液相容性是首先需要解决的关键科学问题。通用高分子的血液相容性可通过化学和生物修饰来实现。采用的方法大体分为本体改性和表面改性。本体改性主要通过反应接枝和反应共混实现;而表面改性则主要通过在材料表面制备亲水性聚合物刷或亲水层、固定生物活性分子和形成生物仿生膜3种方法来实现。目前,生物材料的血液相容性研究主要集中在血浆蛋白吸附、血小板粘附和红细胞溶血3个方面。结合本课题组近期在生物医用材料领域的研究成果,简要介绍了国内外近年来通用高分子材料的化学和生物改性及其血液相容性研究进展。     

聚合物中空纤维膜材料的研究进展

介绍了3种制备聚合物中空纤维膜的方法,并根据中空纤维膜最终的用途,分别介绍和总结了用于水处理与血液净化的中空纤维膜材料的研究进展.其中,重点介绍了为解决水处理用膜的强度低、寿命短、易受污染等问题,为提高膜的亲水性、抗污染性、抑菌性等性能而研发的几种重要的方法,如材料共混改性、表面化学改性、表面接枝改性、表面涂覆改性等.针对不同人工器官,如人工肾血液透析器,人工肝、人工肺氧合器等的临床用途,介绍了为提高膜的生物相容性、生物模拟化等方面而开展的工作.并展望了我国发展中空纤维膜的前景.     

Mulberry non-engineered silk gland protein vis-à-vis silk cocoon protein engineered by silkworms as biomaterial matrices

Silk fibroin from silk gland of Bombyx mori 5th instar larvae was utilized to fabricate films, which may find possible applications as two-dimensional matrices for tissue engineering. Bombyx mori cocoon fibroin is well characterized as potential biomaterial by virtue of its good mechanical strength, water stability, thermal properties, surface roughness and biocompatibility. The present study aims to characterize the biophysical, thermal, mechanical, rheological, swelling properties along with spectroscopic analysis, surface morphology and biocompatibility of the silk gland fibroin films compared with cocoon fibroin. Fibroin solutions showed increased turbidity and shear thinning at higher concentration. The films after methanol treatment swelled moderately and were less hydrophilic compared to the untreated. The spectroscopic analysis of the films illustrated the presence of various amide peaks and conformational transition from random coil to beta sheet on methanol treatment. X-ray diffraction studies also confirmed the secondary structure. Thermogravimetric analysis showed distinct weight loss of the films. The films were mechanically stronger and AFM studies showed surfaces were rougher on methanol treatment. The matrices were biocompatible and supported L929 mouse fibroblast cell growth and proliferation. The results substantiate the silk gland fibroin films as potential biomaterial matrices.     

High-strength mineralized collagen artificial bone

Mineralized collagen （MC） is a biomimetic material that mimics natural bone matrix in terms of both chemical composition and microstructure. The biomimetic MC possesses good biocompatibility and osteogenic activity, and is capable of guiding bone regeneration as being used for bone defect repair. However, mechanical strength of existing MC artificial bone is too low to provide effective support at human load-bearing sites, so it can only be used for the repair at non-load-bearing sites, such as bone defect filling, bone graft augmentation, and so on. In the present study, a high strength MC artificial bone material was developed by using collagen as the template for the biomimetic mineralization of the calcium phosphate, and then followed by a cold compression molding process with a certain pressure. The appearance and density of the dense MC were similar to those of natural cortical bone, and the phase composition was in conformity with that of animal＇s cortical bone demonstrated by XRD. Mechanical properties were tested and results showed that the compressive strength was comparable to human cortical bone, while the compressive modulus was as low as human cancellous bone. Such high strength was able to provide effective mechanical support for bone defect repair at human load-bearing sites, and the low compressive modulus can help avoid stress shielding in the application of bone regeneration. Both in vitro cell experiments and in v/vo implantation assay demonstrated good biocompatibility of the material, and in v/vo stability evaluation indicated that this high-strength MC artificial bone could provide long-term effective mechanical support at human load- bearing sites.     

Evaluation of different chemical methods for cros-linking collagen gel, films and sponges

Collagen-based films and sponges are widely used as biomaterials. The rate of their biodegradation can be reduced by treating them with different cross-linking agents. The efficiency of different reticulation procedures on thermal stability (measured by differential scanning calorimetry) and susceptibility to bacterial collagenase digestion of the final material (films or sponges) is compared. The chemical agents used on collagen gels or directly on collagen sponges and films were glutaraldehyde (GTA), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDC), cyanamide, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and the two acyl azide methods (with hydrazine or diphenylphosphorylazide (DPPA)) developed in the authors' laboratory. Under these experimental conditions, collagen stabilization by the different agents increased in the following order: cyanamide T _d=75.8°C; after 3 months, T _d=75.6°C). Direct treatment of collagen films with DPPA gave similar thermal stability (T _d=72.6°C) and collagenase resistance when compared with treatment with 0.6% GTA for 96 h (T _d=74.6°C). It is demonstrated that collagen sponges and films can be prepared with a wide range of thermal stability (49–75.8°C) and collagenase digestion resistance (10–100%). Recent biocompatibility studies show, however, that DPPA and EDC are the best choices for preparing cross-linked collagen sponges and films.     

Effects of photochemical riboflavin-mediated crosslinks on the physical properties of collagen constructs and fibrils

The use of collagen scaffold in tissue engineering is on the rise, as modifications to mechanical properties are becoming more effective in strengthening constructs whilst preserving the natural biocompatibility. The combined technique of plastic compression and cross-linking is known to increase the mechanical strength of the collagen construct. Here, a modified protocol for engineering these collagen constructs is used to bring together a plastic compression method, combined with controlled photochemical crosslinking using riboflavin as a photoinitiator. In order to ascertain the effects of the photochemical crosslinking approach and the impact of the crosslinks created upon the properties of the engineered collagen constructs, the constructs were characterized both at the macroscale and at the fibrillar level. The resulting constructs were found to have a 2.5 fold increase in their Young’s modulus, reaching a value of 650 ± 73 kPa when compared to non-crosslinked control collagen constructs. This value is not yet comparable to that of native tendon, but it proves that combining a crosslinking methodology to collagen tissue engineering may offer a new approach to create stronger, biomimetic constructs. A notable outcome of crosslinking collagen with riboflavin is the collagen’s greater affinity for water; it was demonstrated that riboflavin crosslinked collagen retains water for a longer period of time compared to non-cross-linked control samples. The affinity of the cross-linked collagen to water also resulted in an increase of individual collagen fibrils’ cross-sectional area as function of the crosslinking. These changes in water affinity and fibril morphology induced by the process of crosslinking could indicate that the crosslinked chains created during the photochemical crosslinking process may act as intermolecular hydrophilic nanosprings. These intermolecular nanosprings would be responsible for a change in the fibril morphology to accommodate variable volume of water within the fibril.     

半纤维素包装薄膜材料的研究进展

目的 综述了近几年来有关半纤维素改性、材料制备及其应用方面的研究,以期为半纤维素基薄膜材料的进一步开发与应用提供参考。方法 通过收集与整理相关文献,阐述半纤维素的结构特点和分离提取方法,综述近些年来关于半纤维素包装薄膜材料的研究进展,并对比分析物理改性与化学改性2种改性方法对半纤维素薄膜材料包括阻隔性能、力学性能等的调控。结论 对半纤维素进行物理或者化学改性,在保留原有优势性能的同时赋予半纤维素薄膜材料更好的机械强度、柔韧性、热稳定性以及疏水性等性能,符合半纤维素高值化利用新趋势。     

羟基磷灰石生物涂层的复合制备与生物相容性

采用等离子喷涂CaHPO4和水热处理复合制备羟基磷灰石生物涂层,研究了羟基磷灰石涂层的结合强度和溶解性,用成骨细胞考察了生物相容性,结果表明,喷涂涂层由C aHPO4,β－Ca2P2O7和α-C3(PO4)2组成,其相比例,结晶性和形貌取决于喷涂电流和喷涂距离;喷涂涂导经过水热处理可转化为针状结晶的缺钙羟基磷灰石,这种羟基磷灰石涂层具有高的结合强度和稳定性,与成骨细胞的生物相容性良好。     

Design,fabrication and characterization of silk fibroin-HPMC-PEG blended films as vehicle for transmucosal delivery

This study illustrates the fabrication of stable mucoadhesive films of silk protein fibroin as potential vehicle for transmucosal delivery by blending fibroin with hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and poly ethylene glycol 400 (PEG). Investigations on mechanical properties, swelling ability in simulated saliva, bioadhesive strength by a specially designed instrument and study of in vitro stability in simulated saliva of goat buccal mucosa as model membrane was undertaken. Molecular interaction between blended materials was evaluated by FTIR spectroscopy. Increase in fibroin content of the blended films not only increased the mechanical properties and water stability but also the degree of swelling and stability of the films in simulated saliva. The FTIR spectrum shows an increase in water stability of the fibroin-HPMC blended films due to the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the HPMC and fibroin. The conformational transition of the silk fibroin molecule from the amorphous and random coil to β sheet structure has been observed. Fibroin-HPMC-PEG blended films can be used as a vehicle for transmucosal delivery by virtue of its good mechanical strength, water stability, ex vivo bioadhesive strength and ideal swellability as such characteristics are essential for rapid mucoadhesion.     

Disordered mesoporous silica low-k thin films prepared by vapor deposition into a triblock copolymer template film

Mesoporous silica films have been prepared by a vapor phase method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in a batch reactor and in a continuous flow reactor. The TEOS molecules penetrated into a triblock copolymer films and then a triblock copolymer/silica composite structure was formed. A two dimensional grazing-incidence small angle X-ray scattering pattern and field emission scanning electron microscopy images of the films indicated that the films possess ordered and disordered regions. The tortuous pore channels in the wormhole-like disordered structure run parallel to the film surface. The mesostructured triblock copolymer/silica composite films were treated with a trimethylethoxysilane (TMES) vapor before and after calcination. The vapor infiltration treatments effectively improved mechanical strength and hydrothermal stability of the films. The dielectric constant of the TMES-treated mesoporous silica films was reduced into the 1.5–1.7 range.     

Synthesis and biocompatibility of porous nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen/alginate composite

Porous nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen/alginate (nHAC/Alginate) composite containing nHAC and Ca-crosslinked alginate is synthesized biomimetically. This composite shows a significant improvement in mechanical properties over nHAC material. Mechanical test results show that the compressive modulus and yield strength of this composite are in direct proportion to the percentage of Ca-crosslinked alginate in the composite. Primary biocompatibility experiments in vitro including fibroblasts and osteoblasts co-culture with nHAC/alginate composite indicated the high biocompatibility of this composite. Therefore the composite can be a promising candidate of scaffold material for bone tissue engineering.     

Time-dependent mechanical properties of polymeric coatings used in rupturable pulsatile release dosage forms

The mechanical properties of polymer films used in pharmaceutical coatings of pulsatile drug delivery systems were evaluated in the dry and the wet state by a newly developed puncture test, which allowed the time-dependent measurement of the mechanical properties on the same film specimen. Force, puncture strength, energy at break, modulus, and strain were investigated as a function of water exposure time with respect to the type of polymer and the type and concentration of plasticizer and pore former (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, HPMC). Eudragit® RS films were very flexible, had a high strain, and broke upon puncture with only small cracks. In contrast, ethylcellulose films were more brittle with a lower strain and showed complete film rupture. Increased amounts of the hydrophilic pore former, HPMC, resulted in a reduced puncture strength and in an increase in water uptake and weight loss of the films. The puncture strength decreased with increasing plasticizer concentration and was lower with the lipophilic dibutyl sebacate than with the hydrophilic triethyl citrate.