镍钴合金电沉积中硫酸钴影响的探讨

电沉积镍层硬度低,耐磨性差,在瓦特型镀镍液中加入硫酸钴可以提高镀层的抗热性能、耐蚀性能和韧性.采用硫酸盐电解液电沉积镍钴合金,研究了电解液中硫酸钴浓度与镀液分散能力、深镀能力的关系及其对镀层显微硬度、孔隙率和内应力的影响.同时,利用扫描电子显微镜分析了沉积层的表面形貌.结果表明:随着镀液中硫酸钴浓度的增大,镀液的分散能力下降,深镀能力升高;镀层显微硬度显著提高,内应力和孔隙率也有所增加.镍钴合金沉积层比纯镍镀层更细致、结晶均匀.     

低温镀铁液中SiO2含量对复合镀层性能的影响

为了提高低温镀铁层的性能,尤其是硬度和耐磨性,在低温镀铁液中添加SiO2,少量MnC12和NaC1,在45钢表面镀铁,按相关国家标准测试复合镀层的耐磨性能、显微硬度、沉积速率和耐蚀性,并研究了镀液中SiO2含量对相关性能的影响.结果表明:随镀液中SiO2含量的增加,复合镀层的显微硬度和耐磨性显著提高,耐蚀性略有下降;镀层中SiO2沉积量随镀液中SiO2含量的增加而增多,当SiO2浓度为30 g/L时,复合镀层沉积速率略有下降,此时复合镀层综合性能最佳.     

建筑装饰用铜合金表面Ni-P化学镀层的制备与性能研究

为了增加建筑装饰用铜合金的耐磨性,研究了硬质相TiN浓度和热处理对铜合金表面化学镀Ni-P层显微形貌、物相组成、硬度和耐磨性能的影响。结果表明：装饰用铜合金基体主要由CuZn相和CuZn₅相组成,化学镀层表面可见Ni的非晶馒头峰和CuZn衍射峰。化学镀层的显微硬度均高于铜合金基体,且化学镀层的硬度会随着TiN浓度增加而增大,在TiN浓度为3～11 g/L时,化学镀层的磨损率小于铜合金基体,且TiN浓度为7 g/L时化学镀层的磨损率最小[1.15×10^-8 g/（r·N）],此时磨损机制为氧化磨损。Cu-P-TiN化学镀层在300～600℃热处理后发生了晶化转变并形成Ni和Ni₃P相;随着热处理温度升高,化学镀层的显微硬度先增加后减小、磨损率先减小后增大,在热处理温度为400℃时获得硬度最大值和磨损率最小值,表明热处理有助于提升化学镀层的耐磨性能。     

Ni-P-SiC-MoS2化学复合镀层的组织结构及耐磨性能

在Ni-P化学镀液中添加第二相粒子可提高镀层性能,但目前已有的此类研究中镀层性能还不甚理想。在35CrNi钢基体上沉积了Ni-P-SiC-MoS2复合镀层,借助扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪、显微硬度计、磨损试验机等分析了复合镀层的表面形貌、成分、硬度及耐磨性。结果表明:Ni-P-SiC-MoS2镀层为非晶态结构;镀层硬度随SiC和MoS2混合微粒含量的增加而增加,随热处理温度的升高先升后略降;添加SiC和MoS2的混合微粒6g/L的镀层摩擦磨损性能最好。     

抽油泵柱塞表面化学沉积Ni-P-SiC镀层的制备及性能研究

在抽油泵柱塞表面制备高硬度、耐磨损、耐腐蚀的功能镀层,可有效延长抽油泵的使用寿命。采用化学复合沉积方法,在20Cr抽油泵柱塞表面制备Ni-P-SiC镀层,并对其进行微观形貌、成分、显微硬度及耐磨性能测试。结果表明,Ni-P-SiC镀层表面存在Ni和SiC两相。当SiC添加量为8g/L时,Ni-P-SiC镀层表面光滑、致密,晶粒粒径较小,其显微硬度高达897.2Hv。摩擦磨损试验表明,该镀层样品磨痕较光滑,耐磨性更好。     

电泳-电沉积Ni-Al2O3纳米复合层的微观结构及性能

为了改善纳米复合镀层的物理、力学性能,以电泳-电沉积工艺制备了具有较高纳米Al2O3含量的Ni-Al2O3纳米复合镀层.用SEM、TEM、显微硬度计等对复合镀层的表面微观形貌、显微硬度以及耐磨性能进行了分析;探讨了电泳液中α-Al2O3微粒浓度、电沉积电流密度对复合镀层表面微观形貌、显微硬度及其与基体的结合力的影响.结果表明:α-Al2O3纳米粒子弥散分布于镀层之中,并对基质金属晶粒产生细化作用;电泳液中α-Al2O3微粒浓度对复合镀层表面微观形貌影响较大,电沉积电流密度对微观形貌无明显影响;随着电泳液微粒浓度和电沉积电流密度的增大,复合镀层显微硬度均呈下降趋势,在电泳液微粒浓度8 g/L,电沉积电流密度0.5A/dm2时,复合镀层具有最大显微硬度442 HV,较纯镍镀层有明显提高.镀层中微粒体积分数约为30％时,镀层的耐磨性能及与基体的结合性能最为优异.     

纳米Ni-SiC非晶态复合镀层的制备工艺及性能研究

采用超声-电沉积法,在45钢表面制备纳米Ni-SiC非晶态复合镀层.研究镀液中纳米SiC粒子的悬浮量、超声功率和电沉积条件对复合镀层的影响.利用扫描电镜、电子探针、显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机等对复合镀层的形貌、组织结构及性能进行分析研究.结果表明,采用适当的超声-电沉积工艺(SiC粒子的悬浮量4 g/L,超声功率200 W),可以制备性能较好的纳米Ni-SiC复合镀层,其磨损量约为镍镀层的1/5,显微硬度是镍镀层的3倍左右.     

电沉积Ni-W-Re_xO_y复合镀层组织性能研究

通过采用直流电沉积技术在45#钢基体表面制备了Ni-W-CeO_2(Dy_2O_3)复合镀层,利用SEM、EDS等表征手段分析了复合镀层的组织结构和表面形貌,并对其厚度、W含量、显微硬度以及耐蚀性能进行了测定。结果表明,稀土氧化物的加入有利于提高镀液的阴极极化作用,使镀层晶粒组织细化,并且随着添加量的增加,镀层组织由晶态向非晶态发生转变,复合镀层的W含量、显微硬度值、耐腐蚀性能逐渐提高。当其添加量为16g/L时,复合镀层综合性能最优。     

钨酸钠含量对镁合金镍钨镀层性能的影响

目前,对镁合金表面镍钨合金镀层的研究多为化学镀镍钨磷三元镀层,工艺复杂,能耗高.采用电沉积法在AZ91D镁合金制备镍钨镀层,采用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、能谱成分分析(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)对镀层的表面形貌和成分进行分析,用维氏硬度计测量镀层硬度,测量AZ91D镁合金及镀层在3.5 ％NaCl溶液中极化曲线,并结合盐雾试验判定其耐腐蚀性,研究了镀液中钨酸钠含量对所得镀层性能的影响.结果表明:随着镀液中Na2WO4·2H2O浓度的增加,镀层钨含量不断增加,镍钨置换固溶体数量增加,从而起到提高镀层硬度和耐磨性、细化镀层晶粒、提高耐蚀性的效果;Na2 WO4·2H2O浓度超过65 g/L时,继续添加Na2WO4·2H2O对镀层优化作用减弱;当Na2WO4·2H2O浓度为75 g/L时,镀层钨含量为25.06％,硬度达483 HV,自腐蚀电位-1.124 V,自腐蚀电流10.80 μA/cm2,所制备的镍钨镀层对镁合金基体具有耐磨耐蚀保护作用.     

纳米SiC浓度对Ni/纳米MoS_2基复合镀层结构和耐磨性能的影响

采用双脉冲复合电镀技术,在瓦特型镀液中,制备含纳米SiC的Ni/MoS2基复合镀层。研究纳米SiC浓度对复合镀层微观形貌、组织结构、显微硬度和摩擦性能的影响。结果表明:镀液中添加纳米SiC后,Ni/MoS2复合镀层的微观形貌产生明显的变化,随镀液中SiC浓度的增加,复合镀层表面致密度提高;镀液中纳米SiC浓度在1.0~1.5g/L时,组织由Ni+MoS2+SiC组成;纳米SiC为1.5g/L时,显微硬度达到最大,为505HV,摩擦因数为0.28,分别为纯Ni/MoS2的1.6倍和1/2。复合镀层的磨损机制以磨料磨损为主。     

渗剂中铝粉含量对Cu基Ni镀层表面Cr-Al渗层组织和性能的影响

为了提高铜金属表面硬度和耐磨性,在铜表面预先镀镍,然后对镍镀层进行渗cr,Al,制备Cr-Al渗层.研究了渗剂中铝粉含量对其微观组织、显微硬度和耐磨性的影响.结果表明:当渗剂中铝粉含量在5%～20%(质量分数,下同)范围,渗层组织为Ni(Cr,Al)固溶体,晶面(200)出现明显的择优生长,显微硬度从HV170增加到H...     

Effect of cobalt content on microstructure and property of electroplated nickel‐cobalt alloy coatings

Nickel‐cobalt alloys were electrodeposited on copper sheets in sulfate bath containing 288.5 g/l NiSO₄·6H₂O, 30 g/l CoSO₄·7H₂O, 40 g/l HBO₃, 15 g/l NaCl and 0.08 g/l lauryl sodium sulfate. The effects of cobalt content on microstructure, microhardness, and wear resistance of electroplating nickel‐cobalt alloys were studied by using SEM and XRD techniques, and microhardness tester and wear tester. The relationship between the microhardness of nickel‐cobalt alloy coatings and heat treatment procedures was also investigated. The experimental results show that cobalt content (W_t) in coating increases with Co²⁺/(Co²⁺ + Ni²⁺)% (X) in plating solution. Fitted regression equation is as following: W_t = –0.7399 + 2.2847X – 0.0133X². The increase of cobalt content leads to that the longitudinal section morphology of coating transforms from the cone into sphericity and at last into the shape of willow leaf, and its structure transforms from face centered cubic (fcc) nickel solid solution into fcc cobalt solid solution and at last into hcp cobalt solid solution. The increase of cobalt content results in the increase of microhardness of nickel‐cobalt alloy coatings, and the hardness reaches a maximum value (363 HV) when cobalt content is 54.9%. After heat treatment at 400°C and 600°C, the microhardness of coatings begins to decrease except the coating containing 79.2% Co. Moreover, the wear resistance of electroplated coatings increases with the increase of cobalt content.     

Friction and Wear Characteristics of Brush Plating Ni/nano-Al2O3 Composite Coating under Sand-Containing Oil

Ni-matrix composite coating containing AI2O3 nano-particles is prepared by brush plating. The effects of the nano-particles on the microstructure, microhardness and tribological properties of the composite coating under the lubrication of a diesel oil containing sand are investigated. The results show that the microstructure of the composite coating is finer than that of the pure nickel coating due to the codeposition of the nano-particles. When the nano-particle concentration in the electroplating bath reaches 20 g/L, the microhardness, and wear resistance of the composite coating is as much as 1.6 times and 1.3-2.5 times of those of the pure nickel coating respectively. The main hardening mechanism of the composite coating is superfine crystal grain strengthening and dispersion strengthening. The composite coating is characterized by scuffing as it slides against Si3N4 under the present test conditions.     

颗粒含量对含污染物油润滑条件下纳米复合电刷镀层摩擦学性能的影响

研究了电刷镀液中纳米Al₂O₃颗粒含量对复合镀层中纳米颗粒含量、镀层表面形貌、显微硬度以及摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明,随着镀液中纳米Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加,镀层组织细化,显微硬度提高,镀层在含细沙油润滑条件下的耐磨性比不加纳米颗粒的快速镍镀层提高了80％。当镀液中Al₂O₃含量为20 g/L时,镀层具有最佳的耐磨性,进一步提高镀液中的纳米颗粒含量,镀层性能反而下降。      

SiC含量对激光熔覆SiC/Ni60A复合涂层显微组织和耐磨性能的影响

利用LDM2500-60半导体激光器在45#钢板上制备SiC颗粒增强Ni60A合金激光熔覆涂层,系统研究SiC含量对涂层的显微组织、稀释率、耐磨性、摩擦因数和显微硬度的作用规律。结果表明:随着SiC含量增加,熔覆表层的微观组织细化,稀释率、耐磨性、摩擦因数和硬度均先增加后降低;当SiC含量为20%(质量分数,下同)时,熔覆层的耐磨性能最佳,磨损量仅为0.0012g,为基体磨损量的1/36.3;摩擦因数最小为0.464,且磨损过程最为平稳;熔覆层平均硬度值最高,达到1039.9HV0.2,为基体的3.5倍;但当SiC含量达到25%时,熔覆层的显微硬度与耐磨性能反而下降。     

低含量钴对镍合金镀层结构和性能的影响

研究了低含量的钴对镍合金镀层结构和性能的影响,通过扫描电镜观察了镀层形貌、X射线衍射仪测量了镀层内应力,并用电化学极化曲线和腐蚀失重方法分析了镀层的耐蚀性.结果显示:镀液中硫酸钴的含量为0～4 g/L内时,随着钴盐的加入,镍合金镀层结晶细化、结构紧密、耐蚀性和硬度提高,内应力缓慢增长;硫酸钴含量超过5 g/L后,镍合金镀层结晶不再继续细化,但拉伸内应力明显变大,耐蚀性开始降低.     

Pulse and direct electrodeposition of Ni–Co/micro and nanosized SiO2 particles

Ni–Co/SiO₂ composite coating was electrodeposited on the steel substrate. The coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The microhardness of the composite coatings was studied by variation of the electroplating parameters, such as the pulse current (PC) and direct current (DC) electrodeposition methods, deposition temperature, electrolyte pH, concentration of surfactants, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Zeta potential of SiO₂ particles measurements was performed with various pH, SDS, and CTAB concentrations. The data depict that the hardness of Ni–Co/SiO₂ nanocomposite coatings manufactured by PC electrodeposition increases with the increase of bath temperature, pH, SDS, and CTAB concentration up to 50°C, 4.6, 0.3, and 0.2?g/L, respectively. Beyond mentioned optimum values, the microhardness of nanocomposite coating decreases. Using DC method led to reduce the microhardness. Utilizing SiO₂ microparticles instead of SiO₂ nanoparticles for reinforcing resulted in declining the microhardness. The friction coefficient and wear results demonstrated that using PC method and nanosized particles led to reduce the friction coefficient and increase the resistance to wear. Anodic polarization results illustrated that using SiO₂ nanoparticles and PC method to prepare coating caused corrosion resistance of coating in a 3.5?wt% NaCl solution to enhance.     

氯化胆碱-乙二醇低共熔离子镀锡镍合金的研究

为了研究锡採离子在低共熔离子液体体系中的氧化还原行为及镀层的相组成,以氯化胆碱-乙二醇(ChCl-EG)低共熔离子液体体系为基础液进行锡镰合金电沉积行为的研究。使用循环伏安测试法对锡辣离子在该体系中的阴极还原行为进行研究,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对Sn-Ni沉积层的相组成进行分析;采用极化曲线对沉积层耐蚀性等进行了研究。结果表明:锡辣2种离子共存于该离子液体时只显示出1个阴极沉积峰,峰值电位-0.65V;沉积1h所得锡標合金沉积层为Ni3Sn2相,腐蚀电流密度为1.619×10^-6A/cm^2.