油罐用太阳热反射涂料研究进展

现有油罐用太阳热反射涂料颜色单调,作用机理单一。针对太阳光照下,油罐表面受热特点,围绕油罐降温,减少油品损耗这一目的,对相关新型材料如导电聚合物、高反射颜料、复合功能填料以及相变材料的研究进展进行了综述。     

草绿色反射太阳热涂料的研究

草绿色反射太阳热涂料是高炮管热护套研制的一种军用特种涂料。文章通过对涂料反射机理的探讨,介绍了草绿色反射太阳热涂料配方设计和性能试验。草绿色反射太阳热涂料具有涂料一般性能,并具有突出的热反射性,热反射性能达到了美国军用涂料标准。经模拟阳光试验和实弹射击考核,证明了草绿色反射太阳热涂料具有良好的热防护性。目前已在炮管热护套上得到应用。     

路用环氧类热反射涂料的研制及性能评价

根据热反射涂料的基本特点和组成,结合道路材料的功能需求,选用耐磨性和黏附力较好的环氧树脂为成膜物质,TiO2、SiO2和消光粉为主要功能填料,通过正交试验优选出黏度适宜、光泽度低以及降温效果好的涂料配方。评价了热反射涂料的室内外降温效果,并分析了该涂料的综合路用性能。结果表明,热反射涂料的较佳配方为12%TiO2,4%SiO2和4%消光粉;当涂料用量为0.8kg/m2时,该热反射涂层试件在室内可降低温度12~14℃,在太阳辐射下则可降低温度7~9℃;热反射涂层铺装具有较好的耐磨性,但路面抗滑性有一定程度下降,需添加抗滑粒料满足行车安全性要求。     

炎热地区"晒不热"材料的探索研究

对具有低太阳吸收率、高发射率的碱土金属碳酸盐作为炎热地区"晒不热"涂料的热效果作了初步的探索.该材料在炎热地区白天晒不热效果明显.曝晒最大升温比普通热反射涂料低2～3℃;夜间辐射制冷最大降温比普通热反射涂料多降1～2℃;24h的循环实验仍然符合以上效果;价格低廉、来源广泛,适合于炎热地区使用.     

太阳热反射涂料的反射率检测方法研究及其数学模型

太阳热反射涂料是一种可以降低太阳辐射引起升温的节能型涂料.通过对美国军标太阳热反射涂层反射率测试装置和方法的改进,测试了不同太阳热反射涂层的热反射率,建立了相应的数学模型并进行可靠性分析.该模型可用于不同涂层太阳热反射率相对值的比较.通过带积分球的紫外-可见-红外分光光度计的测试数据和模拟储油罐在实际大气环境之下的温度变化曲线,验证了改进方法和数学模型的正确性.基于此方法和模型研制的新型太阳热反射涂料,在200～2600nm波段范围内的反射率明显优于银粉漆和常规白色涂料,热反射降温效果显著.     

热反射隔热涂料的制备与隔热性能

系统研究了成膜基料、隔热颜料、空心玻璃微珠含量、涂层厚度以及耐玷污透明涂层各种因素对热反射隔热涂料隔热效果和隔热持久性的影响及作用规律。结果表明,以丙烯酸酯乳液为成膜基料,二氧化钛质量分数为20%,空心玻璃微珠含量为11%,涂层厚度为1.2mm时并辅助含氟硅的耐玷污透明涂层,制备出的热反射隔热涂料的太阳光反射率为91%,半球发射率为86%,均超过了JG/T235-2008《建筑反射隔热涂料》行业标准中的技术指标,且具有良好的自清洁性能,项目成果实现了产业化。     

水性热反射多彩涂料的制备和性能研究

水性多彩涂料具有优异的装饰效果和环保性能,广泛应用于建筑装修的内外表面。主要研发了具有热反射和热辐射功能的水性多彩涂料,并讨论了不同填料对热反射率和热辐射率的影响。     

反射近红外辐射涂料的研究

根据电荷跃迁理论和能带理论,分析了红外反射材料物质的结构特征.理论上的近红外反射材料应该是电导率高、禁带宽度不在0.5～3.1eV范围内的物质.锐铁矿型和金红石型的TiO2符合此要求.本文作者利用空心玻璃微珠的高热阻,研究了用TiO2包覆的空心玻璃微珠作热反射材料的方法,并制备了对近红外线反射率超过80%的涂料.     

热反射建筑功能涂料生产技术

技术简介 热反射隔热外墙建筑涂料是由高分子有机树脂添加特种填料配制而成的一种功能性涂料。既有一般涂料耐老化、耐酸、耐碱等特点，又具有耐高强辐射、反射太阳光和阻隔热能传递的特性，是集外墙装饰与隔热降温为一体的新型特种功能性涂料。该涂料与一般涂料具有本质上的区别：在夏季能阻隔墙体吸收太阳能降低室内温度的作用，     

水性建筑反射隔热涂料的研制

利用纯丙和苯丙乳液为基料,制备了具有热反射和低导热协同作用的隔热涂料。通过对颜填料太阳光反射率和隔热性能的研究,选择以空心玻璃微珠和金红石型二氧化钛为颜填料,空心微珠的最优含量为4%～10%(wt)。研制建筑反射隔热涂料基础性能优异,可见光反射比达到90%以上,半球发射率大于85%,隔热指数大于60%。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...