Ti_2AlNb基合金表面磁控溅射Al/Al_2O_3薄膜及扩散处理对其抗高温氧化性能的影响

为提高Ti2Al Nb合金的抗高温氧化性能,在Ti2AlNb合金表面磁控溅射Al/Al2O3薄膜,于真空退火炉内对其进行600℃,1 h扩散处理后,分别在650,750,850℃下氧化100 h。利用XRD,SEM,EDS技术对基体和扩散试样的相组成、微观形貌进行了分析;研究了Al/Al2O3薄膜扩散层的抗高温氧化性能及扩散处理对Al/Al2O3薄膜氧化动力学曲线的影响。结果表明:Al/Al2O3薄膜扩散层的氧化行为受氧离子渗入薄膜运动过程的控制,在高温条件下表层形成连续致密的Al2O3膜,使薄膜扩散层的氧化系数远低于基体,并且次表层的富铝相能有效阻止氧离子扩散通道的形成,减少基体与氧化性气体接触,从而显著提高Ti2Al Nb基合金的抗高温氧化性能。     

高温氧化对钛合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜组成与结构的影响

针对钛合金不耐高温氧化的问题,在铝酸钠电解液体系中,利用双相脉冲直流微弧氧化技术,在TC4钛合金表面原位生长以Al2TiO5为主晶相的复合氧化物陶瓷膜,研究了1000℃高温氧化对陶瓷膜试样的相组成、结构的影响及膜层增重特点.研究表明,陶瓷膜层试样的高温氧化过程包括Al2TiO5分解、基体氧化和膜层表面形貌变化3个方面.高温氧化后,膜层的主晶相由Al2TiO5变为α-Al2O3和金红石型TiO2,同时,膜层的表面形貌发生显著的变化;由于膜层和基体的热膨胀系数不同和基体钛的氧化,使得高温氧化后膜层在冷却过程中表面出现裂纹和脱壳.陶瓷膜层极大地减少了TC4钛合金在1000℃高温氧化时的增重,因此,陶瓷膜层可用于TC4钛合金的恒温氧化防护.     

铌基合金表面Al-B包埋共渗层的组织及抗氧化性能

为提高铌基合金的抗氧化性能,采用包埋共渗法在铌基合金表面于780,860,940℃保温4 h包埋共渗Al-B涂层,采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪分析共渗层形貌及结构,采用能谱仪分析其成分;采用高温氧化试验研究渗层的抗高温氧化性能。结果表明:渗层主要形成了Nb Al3,Nb B2和Nb5B6三相,其中在940℃形成的渗层中形成了Al B12相,Al B12在高温下对渗层起到了一定的修复作用;经1 000℃氧化20 h后,渗层保持原始的相组成,并在表面形成由Al Nb O4,Nb O2,B2O3和Al2O3组成的致密混合氧化膜,且与基体结合良好;Al-B共渗层一定程度上改善了铌基合金的抗氧化性能。     

电弧离子镀制备NiCrAlY涂层及其抗高温氧化性能

为提高高温合金材料抗高温氧化性能,利用真空阴极电弧离子镀在DZ22B高温合金上沉积Ni Cr Al Y涂层,研究涂层的抗高温氧化性能。采用扫描电镜观察膜层表面和截面形貌,化学容量法测试膜层成分,X射线衍射仪分析涂层的物相组成,万能试验机检测涂层结合力。结果表明:所制备的Ni Cr Al Y涂层厚度约50μm,涂层致密且与基体结合良好;涂层成份除Al元素有所损失外基本与靶材一致。Ni Cr Al Y涂层主要相为γ′-Ni3Al/γ-Ni,同时含有少量的β-Ni Al相。在1050℃高温下,Ni Cr Al Y涂层表面形成致密的氧化铝层有助于减缓氧化速度,对基材起到良好的保护作用;涂层失效的主要方式是随着氧化的进展,氧化层产生裂纹并剥落,新的表面被氧化,剥落和被氧化往复进行,直至涂层失效。     

冷喷涂制备TiAl_3-Al复合层及其抗高温氧化性能

为了提高γ-TiAl合金的抗高温氧化性能,采用冷喷涂技术在γ-TiAl合金基体上喷涂纯Al层后进行热扩散处理,制备了厚约250μm的TiAl3-Al复合涂层,研究了该涂层在950℃下的长时间高温氧化行为,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了复合涂层的相组成,用场发射电子显微镜研究了其形貌,用电子探针分析了其成分。结果表明:冷喷涂纯Al层致密,存在少量微裂纹和微气孔;TiAl3-Al复合涂层和基体之间生成了TiAl3相,TiAl3与Al的界面有空洞;γ-TiAl合金高温氧化70 h即失重,氧化产物为TiO2和Al2O3的混合物;TiAl3-Al复合涂层进入稳态氧化阶段后,增重缓慢,遵循近抛物线规律,高温氧化1 000 h后涂层仍完好,氧化产物主要为Al2O3相,还有微量的TiO2及钛氮化合物;TiAl3-Al复合涂层提高了γ-TiAl合金的抗高温氧化性能。     

汽车用钛合金表面双辉等离子Mo合金化层的制备及其摩擦磨损性能

为了改善钛合金的表面摩擦磨损性能,采用双辉等离子合金化法在汽车用近β型钛合金(Ti-5Zn-3Sn)表面制备了Mo合金层,通过微观组织观察及硬度、摩擦系数、磨损率测试等考察了合金化层的形貌以及摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:钛合金表面等离子合金化后,呈现出银白色,表面形貌很不平整,粗糙度和致密性得到提高.钛合金Mo合金化层与基体之间结合很好,没有出现不可控的断层以及裂纹.随着合金化层的逐渐深入,Mo元素占比慢慢降低.在Mo元素固溶强化作用的影响之下,钛合金表面硬度得到明显提高,有效地改善了钛合金表面摩擦学性能.随着Mo合金化温度增加,合金化层的硬度明显增加.合金化后钛合金表面硬度高,受压屈服极限大,黏着效应小,摩擦系数小,磨损率明显降低.     

TC4合金表面Y改性铝化物涂层的组织及高温氧化性能北大核心CSCD

为提高TC4合金的抗高温氧化性能。采用在900,940和980℃扩散渗2 h的方法在TC4合金表面制备了Y改性的铝化物渗层,并通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪及能谱仪分析了渗层的结构及相组成,研究了渗层在1000℃时的抗氧化性能,讨论了其氧化机制。结果表明:不同温度所制备的渗层主要组成相均为Al3Ti,此外在900℃制备渗层中含有少量的Al23V6,在940,980℃制备渗层中分别检测到了Al2Ti3及Al2Ti相;渗剂中添加Y能够降低涂层的内应力,抑制渗层中裂纹的产生。940℃共渗2 h制备的Y改性Al化物渗层在1000℃氧化50 h后表面形成了致密的Al2O3氧化膜,显著的提高了TC4合金的抗高温氧化性能。     

TiAl合金表面激光重熔等离子喷涂MCrAlY涂层研究

为了进一步提高TiAl合金表面等离子喷涂MCrAlY涂层的高温氧化性能,采用激光重熔工艺对涂层进行处理,研究了激光重熔对涂层微观组织及抗氧化性能的影响.用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了涂层氧化前后的表面形貌、微观组织和相组成.结果表明:经过激光重熔处理后,涂层片层状组织得以消失,致密性提高,消除了喷涂层的大部分孔洞、夹杂等缺陷,同时使Al元素在涂层表面的重新分布,形成了Al的富集区;等离子喷涂MCrAlY层能显著提高TiAl合金的抗高温氧化性能,经过激光重熔后可进一步提高其抗高温氧化性能.     

热渗温度对表面Al合金化Nd-Fe-B烧结磁体的性能及结构的影响

采用表面热渗Al工艺,实现了对Nd-Fe-B烧结磁体的表面保护和优化高温磁性能。通过在Nd-Fe-B烧结磁体表面热渗Al,在磁体表面形成了与基体冶金结合的致密的Al合金层。在Al合金层的保护下,表面热渗Al磁体的耐腐蚀性能得到了明显改善且磁性能保持良好。在高压加速老化测试168 h后,Al-700磁体的单位表面积增重量(3.40 mg·cm^-2)远低于基体(14.28 mg·cm^-2)。利用电化学工作站测试了表面热渗Al磁体的极化曲线,其腐蚀电流密度值较基体明显降低。显微组织分析表明,Al合金化层的厚度随热渗温度的增加而增加。在700℃的热渗温度下,晶界内形成了均匀连续的富Al相,从而获得了较优异的综合性能。根据XRD相分析,热渗过程中,随着温度的升高,Al、Fe和Nd原子在合金层中相互扩散越剧烈,磁体表面相继形成Al-Fe相和Nd-(Al, Fe)相。该研究为提高Nd-Fe-B烧结磁体的耐蚀性能和性价比提供了新的思路。     

TC4合金表面Y改性铝化物涂层的组织及高温氧化性能

为提高TC4合金的抗高温氧化性能。采用在900,940和980℃扩散渗2 h的方法在TC4合金表面制备了Y改性的铝化物渗层,并通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪及能谱仪分析了渗层的结构及相组成,研究了渗层在1000℃时的抗氧化性能,讨论了其氧化机制。结果表明:不同温度所制备的渗层主要组成相均为Al_3Ti,此外在900℃制备渗层中含有少量的Al_(23)V_6,在940,980℃制备渗层中分别检测到了Al_2Ti_3及Al_2Ti相;渗剂中添加Y能够降低涂层的内应力,抑制渗层中裂纹的产生。940℃共渗2 h制备的Y改性Al化物渗层在1000℃氧化50 h后表面形成了致密的Al_2O_3氧化膜,显著的提高了TC4合金的抗高温氧化性能。     

Production of FeCrAlY and CoCrAlY coatings by laser surface fusion and their oxidation behavior

In this paper the results of a study aimed at coating large areas with FeCrAlY and CoCrAlY alloys by laser surface fusion are described. Metallurgical characteristics and oxidation behavior of the coatings are discussed.The results indicate that fusion of the coating materials was complete and a metallurgical bond was formed between the coatings and the type 304 stainless steel (SS) substrate as a result of laser processing. Some dilution of the coating alloys, in particular the aluminum content, was noticed due to melting of a portion of the substrate. Some small cracks, observed in the CoCrAlY coating, were formed as a result of shrinkage during solidification.Oxidation studies were performed at 1000–1185 °C in air for various times. The coatings, although diluted, showed excellent oxidation resistance and protection, while the type 304 SS substrate deteriorated rapidly. The effect of the thermal and oxidation treatment on the microstructural and chemical stabilities of the coatings are discussed.     

Intermetallische Oxidationsschutzschichten für Titanlegierungen

Intermetallic Oxidation-Resistant Coatings for Titanium Alloys Intermetallic Ti-Al coatings were deposited onto near-a titanium alloy TIMETAL 1100 using magnetron sputtering. Two coating systems were investigated: gradient layers with increasing A1 con- tent towards the surface of the coatings and a multilayer system consisting of three single layers ofTi₃Al, TiAl and TiAl₃. The over- all coating thickness was 4 μm and 16 μm for both systems. Isother- mal oxidation tests at 750 °C revealed good oxidation resistance and effective oxygen prevention from the substrate by the coatings. Room temperature tensile tests after long-term exposure to air 600°C proved the beneficial influence of the coatings on the ductility of the base material. The coatings are highly ductile under creep conditions thus keeping oxygen away from the substrate alloy even at high straining. In some cases creep lifetime was consider- ably prolonged. No detrimental influence of the Ti-A1 coatings on the fatigue properties of TIMETAL I100 was found for the 4pm multilayer coatings, whereas fatigue limit under repeated strain was slightly decreased for the 16μm coatings.     

钛合金表面加弧辉光离子渗镍铬及其性能研究

采用加弧辉光离子渗金属新技术处理钛合金Ti5Al2.5Sn表面,研究了渗层的相组成特点,成分分布情况,评价了改性层的磨擦摩损性能,及与钛合金基体间的接触腐蚀相容性等。结果表明加弧辉光离子渗技术可以快速地在钛合金表面获得NiCr镀渗复合层。渗层由Ni3Ti等金属间化合物组成,其硬度、耐磨性能均高于离子注氮层,具有较高的抗含Cl^-1水溶液腐蚀性能,在含Cl^-1腐蚀环境中与钛合金基体接触相容。     

Ceramic coatings of LA141 alloy formed by plasma electrolytic oxidation for corrosion protection

Superlight Mg-Li alloy is a promising structural materials in aerospace, automobile, and electronics because of its excellent properties such as low density, high ductility, superior strength-to-weight ratio, and good damping ability. The fabrication of compact plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings with excellent corrosion resistance is valuable for the widespread application of Mg-Li alloy. Here we present a ceramic coating on the surface of Mg-14Li-1Al (LA141) alloy for corrosion protection via plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in an alkaline silicate electrolyte with tungstate as an additive. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and thin film-X-ray diffraction analysis of coatings show that the surface coating is mainly comprised of Mg(2)SiO(4), MgO and WO(3). Scanning electron microscopy observations have revealed that the dense and compact coating formed in the presence of tungstate has less structural imperfections in comparison to the control one fabricated without use of tungstate. The effect of oxidation time on the morphology and phase composition of coatings is also examined in detail.     

锆合金表面Cr基涂层的耐高温氧化性能

用磁控溅射法在锆合金基体表面制备Cr和CrAl层,并使其在1200℃/1 h水蒸汽中氧化,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等手段表征氧化前后涂层和Zr合金基体的微观结构,研究了两种涂层在(反应堆失水(LOCA)事故情况下的)高温蒸汽环境中的抗氧化性能。结果表明：在1200℃/1 h水蒸汽中氧化后没有涂层的锆合金基体表面生成厚度约为100 μm的氧化膜;而在Cr涂层表面生成的致密Cr₂O₃层其厚度约为4 μm,表明氧化速率显著降低。CrAl涂层氧化后表面生成致密的Cr₂O₃和Al₂O₃混合氧化层,其厚度只有0.8 μm,表明氧化速率进一步降低。这些结果表明: 用磁控溅射法在锆合金表面制备的Cr和CrAl涂层,在1200℃水蒸气环境中均表现出良好的耐氧化性能。在Cr涂层表面生成的氧化膜厚度约为未涂层锆合金氧化层的1/25,CrAl涂层氧化膜厚度低于锆合金表面氧化层的1/100。     

Protective Effect of the Sputtered TiAlCrAg Coating on the High-Temperature Oxidation and Hot Corrosion Resistance of Ti-Al-Nb Alloy

The effect of a sputtered Ti-48AI-8Cr-2Ag (at. pct) coating on the oxidation resistance of the cast Ti-46.5AI-5Nb (at. pct) alloy was investigated in air at 1000-1100℃. Hot corrosion in molten 75 wt pct Na2SO4+25 wt pct K2SO4 was investigated at 900℃. The scale on the cast TiAINb tends to spall in air, while the scale on coating is very adherent. The sputtered Ti-48AI-8Cr-2Ag coating remarkably improved high temperature oxidation resistance of the cast Ti-46.5AI-5Nb alloy because of the formation of an adherent Al2O3 scale. Due to the inward diffusion of Cr, Kirkendall voids were found at the coating/substrate interface. TiAICrAg coating provided excellent hot corrosion resistance for TiAINb alloy in molten 75 wt pct Na2SO4+25 wt pct K2S04 at 900℃ due to the formation of a continuous Al2O3 scale.     

Protective coatings on orthorhombic Ti2AlNb alloys

Abstract

The oxidation behaviour of an orthorhombic Ti–22Al–25Nb alloy, bare and with protective coatings, was investigated at 750°C in air under quasi-isothermal and thermal cycling conditions. As found by post-oxidation analysis, the uncoated substrate material was severely degraded by formation of spalling oxide scales and ingress of oxygen and nitrogen causing nitride precipitation, internal oxidation and interstitial embrittlement. Metallic Ti–51Al–12Cr coatings as well as nitride coatings based on Ti–Al–Cr–Y–N, either monolithically grown or with superlattice structure, provided an effective diffusion barrier against oxygen. The excellent oxidation resistance of the TiAlCr coatings was associated with the ternary Ti(Al,Cr)₂ Laves phase promoting the formation of a protective alumina scale. The different intermetallic phases formed in the interdiffusion zone caused neither cracking nor spallation of the protective coating. Both, monolithically grown TiAlCrYN and superlattice TiAlYN/CrN coatings, exhibited slow, but nearly linear oxidation kinetics at 750°C in air. In the subsurface region of the substrate a niobium rich phase and the α₂-phase formed. At the coating/substrate interface pores and a thin, fine-grained TiN layer were found.     

HP40Nb钢热浸镀Al-Si高温氧化行为及组织研究

为提高高温抗氧化性能,对HP40Nb钢进行了热浸镀Al-10%(质量分数)Si,并进行不同温度扩散处理,研究了不同扩散处理试样在1000℃条件下的高温氧化行为,通过SEM,EDS和XRD分析了经不同扩散处理后的渗层在高温氧化过程中的组织结构变化.结果表明:经800℃/4h扩散处理,渗层由内层(NiAl+ Cr3 Si)...     

磁控溅射TiAlSiN膜的抗氧化性能

目前,针对TiAlN和TiAlSiN薄膜在800~1 000℃高温氧化时的硬度及抗氧化性能研究较少。利用磁控溅射技术,在高速钢W18Cr4V表面制备了TiAlN和TiAlSiN薄膜,当Al靶功率为100 W、Si靶溅射电流为0.20 A时,TiAlSiN薄膜硬度及弹性模量达到最大值,对此条件下的膜层进行了大气高温氧化试验。采用激光共聚焦显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等检测手段,研究了800,900,1 000℃下2种薄膜的抗氧化性。结果表明:经相同温度氧化处理后,TiAlSiN薄膜的表面粗糙度明显小于TiAlN薄膜的;在TiAlN中引入Si元素形成Si3N4包裹TiN纳米晶的复合结构,抑制了膜层中裂纹的形成,使TiAlSiN薄膜在相同氧化温度下的抗氧化性能比TiAlN薄膜更加优异。