特种设备用双相不锈钢抗点蚀性能研究

点蚀是不锈钢最有害的腐蚀形态之一,点蚀往往是应力腐蚀裂纹和腐蚀疲劳裂纹的起始部位。点蚀是一种腐蚀集中于表面的很小范围内,并深入到金属内部的腐蚀形态,一般形状为小孔状,其危害性比均匀腐蚀严重得多,会引起爆炸、火灾等事故。双相不锈钢兼有铁素体和奥氏体的特性,它将铁素体良好的强度、硬度和奥氏体优良的塑性和韧性结合起来,并具有优良的耐点蚀性能,无论是在力学性能上还是在耐腐蚀性上,双相不锈钢都明显优于铁素体不锈钢和奥氏体不锈钢,可以在点蚀环境中的特种设备上广泛使用。     

三种常用不锈钢的耐局部腐蚀性能

研究了微量元素含量不同的1Cr18Ni9Ti、304、316L三种奥氏体不锈钢的耐局部腐蚀性能,包括晶间腐蚀、点蚀和应力腐蚀。结果表明,Ti元素的添加和较低的含C量都能改善抗晶间腐蚀性能;Cr和N含量最高的固溶态304不锈钢最耐点蚀;Ni含量最高的固溶态316L在42%沸腾氯化镁溶液中抗应力腐蚀性能最优。     

微观组织对0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb马氏体不锈钢的耐点腐蚀性能的影响

采用化学浸泡法和模拟闭塞电池方法研究了固溶+时效和固溶+调整+时效处理的0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb马氏体不锈钢的耐点腐蚀性能,并与18-8型奥氏体不锈钢(316L)耐点蚀性能进行了对比。结果表明,0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb马氏体不锈钢组织内富Cu析出相促进了点蚀坑萌生,而点蚀坑发展则与组织形貌有关。固溶+调整+时效处理的0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb马氏体不锈钢因组织内析出富Cu相多而大,其萌生的点蚀坑密度较高,但由于马氏体板条较细,其点蚀坑尺寸和深度较小;固溶+时效处理的0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb马氏体不锈钢因组织内析出富Cu相少而小,萌生的点蚀坑密度较低,但粗大的板条马氏体组织导致点蚀坑尺寸和深度较大。与18-8型奥氏体不锈钢耐点蚀性能对比表明,通过对0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb马氏体不锈钢进行合理的热处理,其耐点蚀性能可与18-8型奥氏体不锈钢相当。     

含Ti铸造双相不锈钢点蚀行为研究

借助电化学极化曲线以及阻抗法研究了合金元素Ti的加入对铸造双相不锈钢点蚀行为的影响,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)以及X射线衍射(XRD)研究了铸造双相不锈钢在发生点蚀前后微观形貌、元素分布以及析出相种类的变化并探讨点蚀的萌生机制。结果表明:双相不锈钢中,点蚀主要发生在奥氏体相以及相界处,产生点蚀的原因是奥氏体相中富Cr区的存在以及相界碳化物的析出。在双相不锈钢中加入少量合金元素Ti,可以提高双相不锈钢的耐点蚀能力。     

含Cu抗菌不锈钢的工艺与耐蚀性能

与普通0Cr17铁素体不锈钢和0Cr18Ni9奥氏体不锈钢相比，含铜铁素体和奥氏体抗菌不锈钢均具有良好的冷热加工性能和焊接性能．通过提高浇铸温度，抗菌不锈钢能保持良好的铸造性能．奥氏体抗菌不锈钢的抗应力腐蚀性能比0Cr18Ni9不锈钢有很大的提高，而铁素体抗菌不锈钢比0Cr17有明显的下降．与相应的普通不锈钢相比，两种类型抗菌不锈钢的耐点蚀性能均略有下降．     

脱硫泵叶轮用新型不锈钢组织与性能研究

研究了固溶状态下新型不锈钢SRTZ1材料显微组织、力学及耐腐蚀性能,试验结果表明:固溶状态下,STRZ1试验钢为典型的由铁素体α和奥氏体γ组成的双相不锈钢材料,具有优异的力学性能。在具备良好的耐点蚀、均匀腐蚀性能的前提下,试验钢的耐冲刷腐蚀及空泡腐蚀性能明显优于对比材料1.4470的。试验钢可代替双相不锈钢材料1.4470作为脱硫泵叶轮用材料,提高叶轮使用寿命。     

双相不锈钢的显微组织和性能

含有奥氏体和铁素体的双相不锈钢用于化学加工工业和要求高强度和耐蚀性的其他用途,其屈服强度大约比奥氏体不锈钢高1倍,抗点蚀和抗应力腐蚀裂纹的能力优于316型不锈钢。由于成分和双相结构的关系,其制造和使用不同于奥氏体不锈钢。除了铬和钼的含量高以外还含有铁素体、这会促进σ相的形成。双相不锈钢和铁素体不锈钢都容易产生“475℃脆化”,这是奥氏体钢不曾有过的现象。许多不锈钢种都可能形成碳化物和金属间相但不形成σ相。双相不锈钢的等温处理可以产生各种各样的微量成分。大多数退火状态的锻压双相不锈钢,其     

铁素体/奥氏体双相不锈钢组织和耐局部腐蚀性能研究现状

铁素体/奥氏体双相不锈钢具有独特的组织结构,使其兼具高的强度、良好的塑韧性和耐局部腐蚀性能,且与奥氏体不锈钢和镍基合金相比节约了我国稀缺的镍资源,在海洋工程、石油化工、核电等多个国家重点能源领域具有广阔的应用前景.从铁素体和奥氏体的相转变、织构、取向关系、边界特征以及二次相等多个方面,介绍了双相不锈钢组织结构的研究进展,然后重点综述了双相不锈钢耐局部腐蚀性能的研究现状,最后提出目前双相不锈钢研究中存在的问题与展望.     

新型00Cr23Ni6Mo4Cu3铸造不锈钢的组织及其局部腐蚀行为

采用金相显微镜和ｘ射线衍射仪进行了金相组织观察与分析，并采用快速模拟试验方法研究了新型００Ｃｒ２３Ｎｉ６Ｍｏ４Ｃｕ３铸造不锈钢的局部腐蚀行为。结果表明，该钢经１０５０℃×２ｈ的固溶处理，其组织为铁素体基体上分布有适量的奥氏体。该热处理使组织细化与均匀化。由于铁素体对奥氏体组织有电化学保护作用，因而这种新型双相不锈钢具有优良的耐晶间腐蚀性能和较高的抗点蚀性能，与高合金化的奥氏体Ｃ１５钢相当。     

316L不锈钢焊缝的点蚀行为

采用数显恒温水浴锅HH-4静态模拟点腐蚀的试验方法,研究316L奥氏体不锈钢焊缝在不同Cl^-浓度和温度下的三氯化铁溶液中点腐蚀行为,探讨不同的Cl^-浓度和温度变化对焊缝耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：在三氯化铁溶液中,Cl^-浓度增加、温度升高,316L奥氏体不锈钢焊缝的耐点蚀性能下降,腐蚀速率增加,腐蚀后的表面形貌为不均匀点腐蚀。     

高氮奥氏体不锈钢耐点蚀性能研究

目前产于高氮不锈钢的研究多集中于理论基础、制造工艺和力学性能等方面,有关耐蚀性方面的研究有限。通过循环极化、Mott-Schottky曲线以及电化学阻抗(EIS)等方法,研究了Cr23Mo1N奥氏体不锈钢(高氮钢,HNSS)和316L不锈钢在Cl-溶液中的耐点蚀性能。结果表明:与316L不锈钢相比,高氮钢具有更正的自腐蚀电位,更小的维钝电流密度。阻抗谱表明高氮钢的钝化膜比316L更加稳定,且电荷转移电阻更大。Mott-Schottky曲线表明高氮钢的点缺陷施主浓度比316L不锈钢低一个数量级,钝化膜的绝缘性更好。循环极化曲线表明高氮钢的点蚀敏感性更小,钝化膜的自修复能力更强,耐蚀性能更加优越。     

N对双相不锈钢00Cr25Ni7Mo3N组织、力学性能和耐点蚀性能的影响研究

通过对00Cr25Ni7Mo3N双相不锈钢加入不同的含N量,研究了N对00Cr25Ni7Mo3N的组织、室温力学性能和耐点蚀性能的影响。结果表明:N能改善钢的相比例;N含量在0.10%～0.20%范围内对钢的力学性能影响不大;N显著提高钢的耐点蚀性能。     

MHB4新型合金抗蚀性能研究

用中频感应炉熔炼了新型超低碳高合金奥氏体不锈钢ＭＨＢ４和３１６Ｌ不锈钢,研究了它们在不同介质中的抗腐蚀性能。结果表明,由于ＭＨＢ４增加了Ｃｒ、Ｎｉ、Ｍｏ的含量,并加入Ｗ,极大地提高了抵抗Ｃｌ＾－离子引起的点蚀能力,因此ＭＨＢ４的耐点蚀、耐缝隙腐蚀以及在合成海水中的抗蚀性均优于３１６Ｌ不锈钢。     

Compatibility of ferritic and duplex stainless steels as implant materials: in vitro corrosion performance

The pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion and accelerated leaching of iron, chromium and nickel of super-ferritic and duplex stainless steels, and for effective comparison the presently used 316L stainless steel, have been studied in an artificial physiological solution (Hank's solution) by the potentiodynamic anodic polarization method. The results of the above studies have shown the new super-ferritic stainless steel to be immune to pitting and crevice corrosion attack. The pitting and crevice corrosion resistances of duplex stainless steel were found to be superior to those of the commonly used type 316L stainless steel implant materials. The accelerated leaching study conducted for the above alloys showed very little tendency for the leaching of metal ions when compared with 316L stainless steel. Thus the present study indicated that super-ferritic and duplex stainless steels can be adopted as implant materials due to their higher pitting and crevice corrosion resistance.     

Annealing temperature effects on super duplex stainless steel UNS s32750 welded joints. I: microstructure and partitioning of elements

Welding of austenitic-ferritic stainless steels is a crucial operation and all the materials and parameters used in this process must be optimized in order to obtain the suitable corrosion and mechanical properties. Since a great part of super duplex stainless steels is used in very aggressive environment, their corrosion resistance, referred in particular to pitting and crevice corrosion, is an all-important facet in production and processing of this type of steels. Pitting corrosion resistance of super duplex stainless steels welded joints depends on several aspects: microstructure of the bead, elemental partitioning between ferrite and austenite, and the possible presence of secondary phases. For these reasons, a post-weld annealing is generally performed to homogenize the microstructure. The annealing temperature is the most important parameter to be optimized in this heat treatment. In the present work, a comparison between the as-welded and solution-treated joints is carried out. An effort has been made to correlate the main factors that affect pitting corrosion of the welded joints (microstructure, secondary phases, chemical composition of single phases) with the experimental data obtained from corrosion tests. In this first part of the work the results regarding microstructure and partitioning of elements are presented. The phase balance and the austenite morphology are locally upset during submerged-arc welding of UNS S32750. In the fusion zone, the two phases (ferrite and austenite) result to have approximately the same composition regarding Cr, Mo, and Ni content, while nitrogen is heavily concentrated in austenite. After annealing treatment, the austenite volume fraction increases and the partitioning ratios of elements reach the equilibrium values. The base material results to be less sensitive to annealing treatment than the fusion zone, and the partitioning of elements in the base material is in agreement with previous works reported in the literature.     

Effect of annealing temperature on the pitting corrosion resistance of super duplex stainless steel UNS S32750

The pitting corrosion resistance of commercial super duplex stainless steels SAF2507 (UNS S32750) annealed at seven different temperatures ranging from 1030 °C to 1200 °C for 2 h has been investigated by means of potentiostatic critical pitting temperature. The microstructural evolution and pit morphologies of the specimens were studied through optical/scanning electron microscope.Increasing annealing temperature from 1030 °C to 1080 °C elevates the critical pitting temperature, whereas continuing to increase the annealing temperature to 1200 °C decreases the critical pitting temperature. The specimens annealed at 1080 °C for 2 h exhibit the best pitting corrosion resistance with the highest critical pitting temperature. The pit morphologies show that the pit initiation sites transfer from austenite phase to ferrite phase as the annealing temperature increases. The aforementioned results can be explained by the variation of pitting resistance equivalent number of ferrite and austenite phase as the annealing temperature changes.     

022Cr25Ni7Mo4N双相不锈钢等温处理中的组织演变EI北大核心CSCD

研究经1100℃等温处理2~20 h后022Cr25Ni7Mo4N双相不锈钢的显微组织演变。观察钢中奥氏体晶粒形态变化并对其尺寸进行定量表征,测量铁素体/奥氏体两相中的元素含量变化,并探讨组织演变对实验钢中铁素体相体积分数的各向异性和低温冲击韧性的影响。结果表明:随着保温时间的延长,奥氏体晶粒发生聚集、长大、粗化现象,并伴随显著的晶粒形态变化,a/b值≥4.0时细长棒状晶粒体积分数从近20%骤降至5%以下,a/b值介于1.0~1.9的等轴晶粒体积分数显著上升的同时,尺寸≥20μm的晶粒体积分数快速增加。保温时间的延长使得Mo,Cr元素进一步向铁素体相扩散、富集,并提高铁素体相抗点蚀当量(pitting resistance equivalent number,PREN)值。细长棒状奥氏体晶粒比例的显著下降,是奥氏体体积分数各向异性改善和实验钢低温冲击韧性提高的主要原因。     

In vitro corrosion resistance of Lotus-type porous Ni-free stainless steels

The corrosion behavior of three kinds of austenitic high nitrogen Lotus-type porous Ni-free stainless steels was examined in acellular simulated body fluid solutions and compared with type AISI 316L stainless steel. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by electrochemical techniques, the analysis of released metal ions was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and the cytotoxicity was investigated in a culture of murine osteoblasts cells. Total immunity to localized corrosion in simulated body fluid (SBF) solutions was exhibited by Lotus-type porous Ni-free stainless steels, while Lotus-type porous AISI 316L showed very low pitting corrosion resistance evidenced by pitting corrosion at a very low breakdown potential. Additionally, Lotus-type porous Ni-free stainless steels showed a quite low metal ion release in SBF solutions. Furthermore, cell culture studies showed that the fabricated materials were non-cytotoxic to mouse osteoblasts cell line. On the basis of these results, it can be concluded that the investigated alloys are biocompatible and corrosion resistant and a promising material for biomedical applications.     

316L不锈钢表面纳米化后腐蚀性能研究

对表面纳米化和未经表面纳米化处理的316L不锈钢的样品分别进行点蚀实验和应力腐蚀对比实验,在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl水溶液中分别测出它们的极化曲线.结果表明,316L不锈钢表面纳米化后抗点蚀性能下降,抗应力腐蚀性能提高.对应力腐蚀断口的SEM 分析发现,316L不锈钢应力腐蚀断口有明显分区现象,断裂形式为韧性断裂,开裂通道既有穿晶型也有沿晶型.