废弃纤维再生混凝土框架中柱节点抗震性能试验研究

完成了再生骨料取代率为50%,废弃纤维长度分别为12 mm、19 mm、30 mm以及废弃纤维体积掺量分别为0.08%、0.12%、0.16%的5个废弃纤维再生混凝土框架中柱节点在低周反复荷载作用下的抗震性能试验研究。主要对不同废弃纤维长度、不同废弃纤维体积掺量下梁柱节点的破坏形态、滞回特性、延性性能、耗能特性等问题进行了对比分析。结果表明:废弃纤维再生混凝土框架节点的破坏均经历了初裂、通裂、极限、破坏四个特征阶段,当纤维长度为19mm,废弃纤维体积掺量为0.12%时,废弃纤维再生混凝土梁柱节点构件的滞回性能、延性性能及耗能性能较好;废弃纤维的体积掺量比废弃纤维长度对梁柱节点抗震性能的影响大。提出了废弃纺织纤维再生混凝土的抗剪承载力计算公式,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

HRB600级钢筋高强混凝土无腹筋梁受剪试验研究

为了解配置HRB600级纵筋的高强混凝土梁受剪性能,以纵筋配筋率、混凝土钢纤维掺量为变化参数,对5根配置HRB600级纵筋的无腹筋梁进行了受剪试验,对比分析了各试验梁的斜截面承载力、荷载-挠度曲线、裂缝宽度和破坏特征。研究结果表明:随着纵筋配筋率的提高,HRB600级钢筋高强混凝土梁的开裂荷载和斜截面极限荷载增大,斜裂缝宽度减小;钢纤维可以有效地提高高强混凝土梁的斜截面开裂荷载,限制斜裂缝的产生与发展;随着钢纤维掺量的增加,高强混凝土梁的受剪承载力增大;使用现行混凝土结构设计规范和纤维混凝土结构技术规程对配置HRB600级纵筋的高强混凝土梁和钢纤维高强混凝土梁的斜截面受剪承载力进行设计计算,其结果是偏于安全的。     

钢纤维对高强钢筋RPC无腹筋梁的剪切性能影响研究

为研究无腹筋高强钢筋活性粉末混凝土简支梁的剪切性能,基于集中荷载下4根RPC梁受剪破坏试验的结果,以钢纤维体积率为主要研究参数,分析钢纤维体积率对梁的斜裂缝发展形态、荷载-挠度曲线、剪切韧性及斜裂缝宽度的影响。结果表明:钢纤维能够减小斜裂缝间距,增加剪压区高度,改善梁的剪切延性;钢纤维对梁受荷初期的剪切韧性影响较小,而对初始屈服点后梁的剪切韧性影响较大;钢纤维体积率越大,斜裂缝宽度越小,峰值荷载越大,且其对峰值荷载的影响较对跨中挠度的影响显著。     

聚丙烯纤维-钢筋/混凝土管节受力性能试验

顶管施工中钢筋/混凝土管节存在开裂现象,严重影响工程质量与后续营运。鉴于聚丙烯纤维具有改善混凝土抗拉、抗裂性能的作用,本文采用2种聚丙烯细纤维和1种聚丙烯粗纤维,设计了无纤维、单掺粗纤维及混掺三种尺度纤维的3组钢筋/混凝土管试件,进行了三点试验,对比分析管节的开裂破坏形态、荷载挠度曲线和开裂延性指标。并建立纤维混凝土管节三点试验的有限元模型,进一步探究聚丙烯纤维掺量对钢筋/混凝土管节受力性能的影响规律。结果表明,聚丙烯粗纤维可提高混凝土管的抗裂与承载能力,聚丙烯粗、细纤维的协同作用使管达到更高的使用和极限强度。相比无纤维管,混掺多尺度纤维提升管的使用强度和极限强度分别为28.7%和36.4%。此外,数值模拟合理地预测了纤维/混凝土管节的荷载挠度响应,并针对混凝土管节的极限强度值,得到单掺和混掺聚丙烯纤维时粗纤维的最佳掺量。      

GFRP筋橡胶集料混凝土梁受弯性能

为提高纤维增强聚合物复合材料(FRP)筋混凝土梁抗裂性能,改善其脆性破坏特征,将玻璃纤维增强聚合物复合材料(GFRP)筋与橡胶集料混凝土共同应用于梁构件中。采用ABAQUS对GFRP筋橡胶集料混凝土梁的受弯性能进行有限元模拟及参数分析,探究了橡胶掺量、GFRP筋配筋率、混凝土强度等级及截面高度对梁受弯性能的影响。结果表明:增加混凝土中橡胶颗粒的掺量可提高梁的开裂荷载,当橡胶掺量为15%时,开裂荷载提高了29%;增加配筋率可提高梁的开裂荷载和承载力,当受拉筋直径由10 mm增加至18 mm时,橡胶掺量为10%的GFRP筋橡胶混凝土梁开裂荷载提高了约15%,承载力提高了约85%,但配筋率增加至一定数值后,其影响不再明显;提高橡胶混凝土强度等级,可提高梁的开裂荷载及承载力,当橡胶混凝土强度等级由C25提高至C40时,开裂荷载提了高约53.7%,承载力提高了约23%;为更好地满足正常使用极限状态,GFRP筋橡胶混凝土梁的截面高度宜适当增加。      

钢筋钢纤维自密实混凝土梁裂缝宽度试验研究

通过9根钢筋钢纤维自密实混凝土梁的四点弯曲试验,分析了钢纤维体积率、配筋率对钢筋钢纤维自密实混凝土梁裂缝形态、裂缝宽度以及裂缝间距等参数的影响。结果表明:在自密实混凝土梁中掺加钢纤维可有效限制裂缝的扩展,掺入体积率为0.38%和0.64%的钢纤维,可使自密实混凝土梁在正常使用阶段的最大裂缝宽度减小31%~56%,平均裂缝间距减小15%~28%,纵筋应变减小40%~56%。考虑钢纤维在试验梁开裂截面的分布以及应力传递机理,结合试验数据提出了钢筋钢纤维自密实混凝土梁最大裂缝宽度的计算公式,并与MC 2010、RILEM TC-162 TDF及CECS 38:2004的公式进行了对比。计算结果表明:该文建议公式计算的最大裂缝宽度与试验值吻合较好,可用于钢筋钢纤维自密实混凝土梁最大裂缝宽度的分析与验算。     

玄武岩—聚丙烯粗纤维混凝土管承载力试验研究

为改善素混凝土管易开裂、延性差等缺陷，基于纤维混凝土良好的抗裂性和耐久性，选用聚丙烯粗纤维和玄武岩纤维，设计了无纤维、单掺玄武岩纤维、单掺聚丙烯粗纤维及混掺玄武岩-聚丙烯粗纤维的四组混凝土管节，通过三点试验对比分析管节的开裂破坏形态、荷载-位移曲线和承载力，并建立纤维混凝土管节三点试验的数值模型，进一步探究聚丙烯粗纤维与玄武岩纤维对素混凝土管破坏形态和承载力的影响。结果表明，聚丙烯粗纤维可有效地改善混凝土管的破坏形态，提高混凝土管节的抗裂性能与承载能力，相比于无纤维管节，混掺玄武岩-聚丙烯粗纤维管B2P4的承载力提升了46.26%,效果最佳。此外，各组管节数值模拟结果与试验结果较为一致，承载力误差控制在5%以内，表明模拟合理。通过试验和数值模拟，获得提升混凝土管节抗裂性能和承载力的玄武岩-聚丙烯粗纤维的最佳掺量。     

低温下玄武岩纤维混凝土的抗冲击性能

采用直径15μm的两种长度的玄武岩纤维,制成不同纤维体积掺量的玄武岩纤维混凝土。对其进行抗冲击试验,分析玄武岩纤维混凝土在低温环境下的抗冲击性能。结果表明:玄武岩纤维能够提高混凝土在低温环境下的抗冲击次数。对试验结果进行统计分析和失效概率预测,结果表明:威布尔分布可以有效地对基于U形试件的玄武岩纤维混凝土抗冲击性能进行统计分析。以玄武岩纤维混凝土在冲击试验中的初裂和终裂次数的自然对数来评价其抗冲击性能,则在相同的失效概率情况下,玄武岩纤维混凝土的抗冲击性能与玄武岩纤维的掺量近似呈线性关系。且在相同的失效概率和玄武岩纤维掺量的条件下,18mm长纤维对混凝土的抗冲击性能的改善作用优于6mm短纤维。     

钢丝网或纤维网增强超高性能混凝土双向板弯曲性能

为研究钢丝网或纤维网对混杂纤维超高性能混凝土(Ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC)板弯曲性能的影响,进行了四边简支双向板弯曲试验。UHPC中短切纤维为：单掺钢纤维、钢纤维分别与聚乙烯醇纤维、玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维混掺等。研究参数为：钢丝网与玻璃纤维网层数、孔径、混掺纤维比例等。结果表明,单掺体积分数为1.5vol%的钢纤维时,铺设3层和4层钢丝网的UHPC板的极限承载力和25 mm挠度处的能量吸收值较2层分别提升14.9%、32.3%和14.1%、25.2%;孔径较小的钢丝网对UHPC板承载力和韧性提升明显。当混杂纤维总体积分数为1.5vol%且钢丝网2层时,混掺1.0vol%钢纤维和0.5vol%聚乙烯醇纤维对UHPC板增强增韧效果更好,0.5vol%钢纤维与1.0vol%玻璃纤维或玄武岩纤维混掺较0.5vol%钢纤维与1.0vol%聚乙烯醇纤维混掺对改善板峰后持荷能力更有利,即钢纤维与较高弹性模量非金属纤维混掺有利于提高裂后承载力。与玻璃纤维网相比,铺设钢丝网的UHPC板在峰后延性更好。提出了以素UHPC板峰值荷载挠度作为初裂挠度的韧性指标评定方...     

短切纤维及预应力对玄武岩织物增强水泥基复合材料拉伸力学性能的影响

通过静态拉伸试验研究不同体积掺量的短切碳纤维、钢纤维、耐碱玻璃纤维及预应力对5层玄武岩织物增强水泥基复合材料(BTRC)拉伸性能的影响。试验结果表明:短切碳纤维、玻璃纤维可以提高基体和BTRC的开裂强度,且开裂强度随着碳纤维掺量的增加而增加;预应力使基体产生预压力,明显提高其开裂强度。短切纤维及预应力都显著提高BTRC的峰值荷载和韧性,但峰值应变基本不变;峰值荷载和韧性随着钢纤维掺量的增加而增加,体积分数为1.5vol%掺量时达到最大值;随着碳纤维掺量增加,峰值荷载和韧性先增加后减小,体积分数为1.0vol%掺量时最大。施加预应力且掺入短切碳纤维或钢纤维时,短切纤维增强的基体可以更好地承受张拉力释放后纤维束径向变形引起的环向应力,进一步提高了织物与基体界面的挤压作用力及摩擦力,从而增强效果最明显,峰值荷载分别增加50.4%和58.9%,韧性分别增加84.7%和79.5%。BTRC材料掺入短切玻璃纤维、钢纤维及施加预应力均可以增加其受力后的裂缝条数,减小裂缝间距和裂缝宽度。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.