东南大学生物与医学纳米技术研究团队

东南大学生物与医学纳米技术研究团队(以下简称研究团队),以发展针对重大疾病诊断与治疗的纳米材料、纳米技术及生物医学工程相关器件(器械)并积极推进临床应用为目标,研发医学影像增强用磁性、超声和金属等纳米材料及探针,以及显微医学影像仪器与肿瘤治疗用纳米药物与技术;探索可能存在的纳米生物效应;建立生物纳米材料安全性和生物相容性评价的新方法。为纳米生物材料及技术安全应用于临床铺垫基础,为建立和发展疾病诊断及治疗的新策略和方法创造条件,为人类健康事业做出贡献。     

纳机电系统

纳机电系统(NEMS)是基于微机电系统发展起来的新兴技术领域，同时也是纳米技术的重要组成部分．文中介绍了NEMS器件的微小尺寸、超高频率和超低能耗等重要特性，并列举了NEMS在生物、信息和纳米流体学等领域的应用．最后讨论了NEMS在发展中遇到的问题和涉及到的关键技术，如微观效应的影响，NEMS加工技术，NEMS的设计、仿真和优化，NEMS器件的驱动与检测，NEMS器件与宏观世界的通讯等．     

北京纳米技术与应用国家工程研究中心

纳米科技是指在纳米尺度（1-100纳米）上研究物质特性和相互作用，以及利用这些特性在物质的介观区域开发新材料、新器件或改善现有材料性能的新兴科学技术。纳米技术研究主要包括三大类问题：一是纳米科学的基本理论与基本方法；二是纳米操纵技术与纳米器件制造技术；三是纳米技术在不同领域所形成的纳米材料、纳米生物技术、纳米机械、纳米电子、纳米化学等。纳米科技将对未来科技、经济和社会发展产生重大影响，已成为一个国际竞相争夺的科技战略制高点。专家预测，纳米科技是21世纪重要的科技战略性领域。纳米技术在今后10～20年间产生…     

纳米器件发展趋势

纳米器件是人类探索电学，磁学，力学和生物系统极限技术的关键。纳米器件将对人类保护环境，控制污染，生产食品，提升人类的能力和健康产生极大的影响。世界各国在纳米技术发展战略和计划中，将纳米器件作为研究和投资的重点，纷纷制订发展计划，旨在提升本国的国际竞争力。世界许多国家的企业也看好纳米器件的发展前景，纷纷新建相关的企业和投入风险奖金。[编按]     

信息快递

中国率先成功发展核壳生物纳米颗粒技术 湖南大学校长、博士生导师王柯敏教授领导的研究小组,在世界上率先成功地发展核壳生物纳米颗粒技术,并申请专利。有关专家指出,这一纳米技术与生物技术密切结合起来的前沿技术,标志着中国在这一领域研究获得重大突破。 生物技术与纳米技术并称本世纪内科学技术发展的两大主流。这两个领域研究结合的生物纳米技术,是近几年才兴起的国际前沿科学。     

纳米计量领域中标准物质调查分析

一、调查情况说明 1．调查背景 纳米技术是一门交叉性很强的综合学科．研究的内容涉及现代科技的广阔领域。1993年．国际纳米科技指导委员会将纳米技术划分为纳米电子学、纳米物理学、纳米化学、纳米生物学、纳米加工学和纳米计量学等6个分支学科。其中．前5个分支学科主要以纳米材料和纳米器件为研究对象。纳米计量学则以纳米尺度范围内的检测与表征为主要研究内容。 纳米尺度范围内的检测与表征既是纳米技术研究必不可少的手段，也是纳米理论与实验的重要基础。     

当前纳米技术专利保护国际上关注的若干问题——兼析对我国纳米专利政策的启示

在纳米蕴藏的巨大商机的驱动下，发达国家政府纷纷制定了纳米技术研究大规模资助计划，企业和风险基金对纳米技术研究和商品化的投入也大大增加。而纳米技术研究投入的快速扩大引发了纳米技术发明潮，从而使纳米技术专利竞争及其有可能出现的专利丛林问题成为当前纳米技术发展最受关注的热点之一。     

单根纳米器件在能量储存与转化中的应用

现阶段,单根纳米器件已经广泛应用于应用物理与电化学领域的研究。在能量的储存和转化领域,单根纳米器件在探究反应原理和优化机制方面发挥了非常独特的作用。首先介绍了单根纳米器件的组装工艺和基本应用领域,然后从能量的储存和转化两个方面分别介绍了近年来的一些典型的研究工作。在能量储存方面,从原理型研究、优化机制研究、原位观测三个方面介绍了单根纳米器件在储能技术研究中的应用。在能量转化方面,介绍了单根纳米器件在太阳能电池、热电、电催化剂等领域研究的应用。最后,对单根纳米器件的研究现状和未来发展方向作了简略的分析。     

纳米线阵列及纳米图形制备技术的研究进展

当今纳米技术研究的前沿和热点之一是将纳米线按一定方式排列与组装构成纳米线阵列及纳米图形,它们是下一代纳米结构器件设计的材料基础,在激光技术、信息存储及计算技术、生物技术等各领域均有广阔的应用前景.介绍了在纳米线阵列材料制备以及纳米图形制作方面的技术研究进展,详述了模板法、自组装法以及纳米刻蚀法等技术的发展.     

基于环糊精自组装的纳米药物与基因载体研究进展

随着纳米技术与精准医学的不断发展,纳米药物与基因载体已被广泛应用于肿瘤等相关疾病的治疗。纳米技术不但能提高药物生物利用度,而且可以降低药物毒副作用,这对于开发新型药物制剂具有重要的意义。构筑纳米药物与基因载体的手段多种多样,自组装方法是目前最常用的手段之一。利用自组装可以构筑出具有新型结构与功能的超分子组装体,对探索和设计新型功能的纳米药物与基因载体具有重要的研究意义。通过环糊精自组装来构筑纳米药物与基因载体是目前的研究热点之一。自组装可以避免复杂的合成步骤与纯化工艺,具有方便、灵活与快捷的优势。通过两方面(共价偶联方案与聚轮烷方案)介绍了基于环糊精自组装的纳米药物与基因载体,并对其发展前景作了进一步的展望。     

Biodegradable Antibacterial Polymeric Nanosystems: A New Hope to Cope with Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria

The human society is faced with daunting threats from bacterial infections. Over decades, a variety of antibacterial polymeric nanosystems have exhibited great promise for the eradication of multidrug‐resistant bacteria and persistent biofilms by enhancing bacterial recognition and binding capabilities. In this Review, the “state‐of‐the‐art” biodegradable antibacterial polymeric nanosystems, which could respond to bacteria environments (e.g., acidity or bacterial enzymes) for controlled antibiotic release or multimodal antibacterial treatment, are summarized. The current antibacterial polymeric nanosystems can be categorized into antibiotic‐containing and intrinsic antibacterial nanosystems. The antibiotic‐containing polymeric nanosystems include antibiotic‐encapsulated nanocarriers (e.g., polymeric micelles, vesicles, nanogels) and antibiotic‐conjugated polymer nanosystems for the delivery of antibiotic drugs. On the other hand, the intrinsic antibacterial polymer nanosystems containing bactericidal moieties such as quaternary ammonium groups, phosphonium groups, polycations, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and their synthetic mimics, are also described. The biodegradability of the nanosystems can be rendered by the incorporation of labile chemical linkages, such as carbonate, ester, amide, and phosphoester bonds. The design and synthesis of the degradable polymeric building blocks and their fabrications into nanosystems are also explicated, together with their plausible action mechanisms and potential biomedical applications. The perspectives of the current research in this field are also described.     

二氧化钛基纳米材料及其在清洁能源技术中的研究进展

二氧化钛纳米材料是当前纳米科技的研究热点,其在太阳能光催化分解水制氢、二氧化碳的光催化还原、染料敏化太阳能电池等清洁能源技术方面均显示了重大的应用前景.本文主要综述了近年来二氧化钛基纳米材料的研究趋势、存在的主要问题,以及这些材料在上述清洁能源利用中的最新进展.对备受关注的非金属掺杂、高能面暴露的二氧化钛、染料敏化太阳能电池阳极致密层等热点问题进行了评述和展望.     

Energy harvesting for self-powered nanosystems

In this article, an introduction is presented about the energy harvesting technologies that have potential for powering nanosystems. Our discussion mainly focuses on the approaches other than the well-known solar cell and thermoelectrics. We mainly introduce the piezoelectric nanogenerators developed using aligned ZnO nanowire arrays. This is a potential technology for converting mechanical movement energy (such as body movement, muscle stretching, blood pressure), vibration energy (such as acoustic/ultrasonic wave), and hydraulic energy (such as fl ow of body fl uid, blood fl ow, contraction of blood vessel, dynamic fl uid in nature) into electric energy for self-powered nanosystems.     

Piezoelectric and semiconducting coupled power generating process of a single ZnO belt/wire. A technology for harvesting electricity from the environment

This paper presents the experimental observation of piezoelectric generation from a single ZnO wire/belt for illustrating a fundamental process of converting mechanical energy into electricity at nanoscale. By deflecting a wire/belt using a conductive atomic force microscope tip in contact mode, the energy is first created by the deflection force and stored by piezoelectric potential, and later converts into piezoelectric energy. The mechanism of the generator is a result of coupled semiconducting and piezoelectric properties of ZnO. A piezoelectric effect is required to create electric potential of ionic charges from elastic deformation; semiconducting property is necessary to separate and maintain the charges and then release the potential via the rectifying behavior of the Schottky barrier at the metal-ZnO interface, which serves as a switch in the entire process. The good conductivity of ZnO is rather unique because it makes the current flow possible. This paper demonstrates a principle for harvesting energy from the environment. The technology has the potential of converting mechanical movement energy (such as body movement, muscle stretching, blood pressure), vibration energy (such as acoustic/ultrasonic wave), and hydraulic energy (such as flow of body fluid, blood flow, contraction of blood vessels) into electric energy that may be sufficient for self-powering nanodevices and nanosystems in applications such as in situ, real-time, and implantable biosensing, biomedical monitoring, and biodetection.     

Integrated nanogenerators in biofluid

We have demonstrated a prototype ZnO nanowire based nanogenerator (NG) that can effectively generate electricity inside biofluid when stimulated by ultrasonic waves. The potential of increasing output current and voltage was illustrated by connecting multiple NGs in parallel and serial, respectively, clearly demonstrating the possibility of raising output power by three-dimensional integration and architecture. The output current was increased by 20-30 times and reached as high as 35 nA when a 2 mm2 size NG was placed at a region where the ultrasonic waves were focused. This work unambiguously shows the feasibility of NGs for power conversion inside biofluid. It sets a solid foundation for self-powering implantable and wireless nanodevices and nanosystems in biofluid and any other type of liquid.     

Optically Governed Dynamic Surface Charge Redistribution of Hybrid Plasmo‐Pyroelectric Nanosystems

Though plasmonic effect is making some headway in the energy harvesting realm, its fundamental charge transfer mechanism to a large extent is attributed to the hot‐carrier generation at the contact interface. Herein this work attempts to elucidate the physical origin of light induced plasmo‐pyroelectric enhancement based on charge density manipulation on surface state in the vicinity of the metal–ferroelectric contact interface. More importantly, by tuning the band bending, it is shown that the charge density on the surface state of a hybrid plasmo‐pyroelectric (BaTiO₃‐Ag) nanosystem can be manipulated and largely increased under the resonant blue light illumination (363 nm). It is also demonstrated that owing to this effect, the spatial pyroelectric activity of a hybrid plasmo‐pyroelectric nanosystem governs 46% enhancement in pyroelectric coefficient. This research highlights the optically regulated charge density in plasmo‐pyroelectric nanosystems, which could pave a new avenue for energy harvesting/conversion devices with distinguished advantages in wireless, photonic‐controlled, localized, and dynamic stimulation.     

Smart Nanosystems for Overcoming Multiple Biological Barriers in Cancer Nanomedicines Transport: Design Principles,Progress, and Challenges

The development of smart nanosystems, which could overcome diverse biological barriers of nanomedicine transport, has received intense scientific interest in improving the therapeutic efficacies of traditional nanomedicines. However, the reported nanosystems generally hold disparate structures and functions, and the knowledge of involved biological barriers is usually scattered. There is an imperative need for a summary of biological barriers and how these smart nanosystems conquer biological barriers, to guide the rational design of the new-generation nanomedicines. This review starts from the discussion of major biological barriers existing in nanomedicine transport, including blood circulation, tumoral accumulation and penetration, cellular uptake, drug release, and response. Design principles and recent progress of smart nanosystems in overcoming the biological barriers are overviewed. The designated physicochemical properties of nanosystems can dictate their functions in biological environments, such as protein absorption inhibition, tumor accumulation, penetration, cellular internalization, endosomal escape, and controlled release, as well as modulation of tumor cells and their resident tumor microenvironment. The challenges facing smart nanosystems on the road heading to clinical approval are discussed, followed by the proposals that could further advance the nanomedicine field. It is expected that this review will provide guidelines for the rational design of the new-generation nanomedicines for clinical use.     

The influence of developed interfaces upon the heterogeneous nanosystem thermal capacity

Thermal capacity of heterogeneous nanosystems with large ‘liquid–solid’ interfaces is defined by sum of mass and surface phase thermal capacities.Due to the negative value of surface phase thermal capacity the interface area extension can cause total heterogeneous nanosystems thermal capacity decreasing.The theory and the practice of that phenomenon are suggested for discussion in this article.     

Nanofabrication with atomic force microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was developed in 1986. It is an important and versatile surface technique, and is used in many research fields. In this review, we have summarized the methods and applications of AFM, with emphasis on nanofabrication. AFM is capable of visualizing surface properties at high spatial resolution and determining biomolecular interaction as well as fabricating nanostructures. Recently, AFM-based nanotechnologies such as nanomanipulation, force lithography, nanografting, nanooxidation and dip-pen nanolithography were developed rapidly. AFM tip (typical radius ranged from several nanometers to tens of nanometers) is used to modify the sample surface, either physically or chemically, at nanometer scale. Nanopatterns composed of semiconductors, metal, biomolecules, polymers, etc., were constructed with various AFM-based nanotechnologies, thus making AFM a promising technique for nanofabrication. AFM-based nanotechnologies have potential applications in nanoelectronics, bioanalysis, biosensors, actuators and high-density data storage devices.     

Recent Progress in Near Infrared Light Triggered Photodynamic Therapy

Nowadays, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is under the research spotlight as an appealing modality for various malignant tumors. Compared with conventional PDT treatment activated by ultraviolet or visible light, near infrared (NIR) light‐triggered PDT possessing deeper penetration to lesion area and lower photodamage to normal tissue holds great potential for in vivo deep‐seated tumor. In this review, recent research progress related to the exploration of NIR light responsive PDT nanosystems is summarized. To address current obstacles of PDT treatment and facilitate the effective utilization, several innovative strategies are developed and introduced into PDT nanosystems, including the conjugation with targeted moieties, O₂ self‐sufficient PDT, dual photosensitizers (PSs)‐loaded PDT nanoplatform, and PDT‐involved synergistic therapy. Finally, the potential challenges as well as the prospective for further development are also discussed.