有机共混结构太阳电池的稳定性

有机共混结构太阳电池由于质轻、价廉、柔性,受到人们的广泛关注。随着有机共混结构太阳电池的能量转换效率的不断提高,其性能的稳定性也受到人们的重视。文中从太阳光、空气中的氧气和水分等因素对有机共混结构太阳电池的电极、活性层等的作用来说明这些因素对有机共混结构太阳电池稳定性的影响,阐述了影响有机太阳电池稳定性的原因,提出了解决有机共混结构太阳电池稳定性的方法,为高性能、高稳定性的有机共混结构太阳电池的研究提供有价值的参考。     

银纳米颗粒的制备及其对硅太阳电池性能的影响

通过银镜反应和退火在玻璃衬底和硅太阳电池上制备了不同尺寸的银纳米颗粒。使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计研究了银纳米颗粒的结构、形貌和光学特性。在AM1.5光照条件下具有银纳米颗粒的晶体硅太阳电池短路电流密度从28.4mA/cm2增加到32.6mA/cm2,电池效率从12.9%增加到14.4%。     

ZnO纳米棒/聚合物混合型太阳电池

在介绍有机太阳电池工作原理及研究进展的基础上,综述了ZnO纳米棒/聚合物混合型太阳电池的制备方法,详细讨论了ZnO电极处理、溶剂的选择、退火、有机功能材料的选择等因素对器件性能的优化机制,并就提高器件性能的途径提出作者的见解.     

基于P3HT的有机太阳能电池的特性研究

聚3已基噻吩（P3HT）是近年来出现的一种新型有机聚合物太阳能电池的供电子体材料。通过真空蒸镀与旋涂相结合的方法,制备了基于聚合物P3HT的结构为ITO/Buffer layer/P3HT/C60/Bphen/Ag的有机太阳能电池。测试结果表明P3HT、C60的优化厚度分别为30、40nm。如果还引入金属氧化物MoO3作为阳极缓冲层,能够明显地提高电池的开路电压,其中MoO3阳极缓冲层的优化厚度为1nm。因此,通过优化制备工艺、引入新的器件材料,能更理想地调控太阳能电池的性能参数。     

利用金属辅助化学腐蚀法在硅表面获得纳米绒面结构以提升多晶硅太阳电池效率

在硅片表面制备绒面结构能够有效降低太阳光在硅片表面的反射损失,是提高太阳能电池转换效率的一条重要途径。通过真空热蒸发法在多晶硅片上沉积纳米银颗粒,利用金属辅助化学腐蚀(MACE)法,制备了不同腐蚀时间下的纳米绒面结构,其中,腐蚀时间为60s的纳米绒面的平均反射率低至4.66%(300~1100nm)。同时,对腐蚀时间为60s的纳米绒面用KOH溶液进行优化处理,将KOH处理前后的多晶硅片采用常规电池工艺进行电池制备研究。对比发现,经过KOH处理后的电池效率比未经KOH处理的电池效率提高了0.43%。     

CuxTe薄膜的结构及其对CdTe太阳电池性能的影响

用真空共蒸发法制备了CuxTe薄膜并将其运用于CdTe太阳电池中.对薄膜进行了X射线衍射(XRD)分析,比较了有、无CuxTe插层的CdTe太阳电池的暗态,I-V特性和C-V特性.结果表明,刚沉积的薄膜非晶结构占主导地位,只有部分Cu/Te配比较低的薄膜出现多晶结构.CuxTe插层的引入有利于消除roll over(暗态I-V曲线饱和)现象,使电池的二极管理想因子和暗饱和电流密度降低,CdTe掺杂浓度增加,有效地改善了CdTe太阳电池的性能.用CuxTe薄膜作为背接触层,获得了效率为12.5%的CDS/CdTe小面积(0.0707cm2)太阳电池.     

分子取向调控对有机太阳电池器件性能的提升

活性层形貌对有机太阳电池的器件效率有着重要的影响。调控活性层中的分子取向是优化其形貌的方式之一。本文旨在采用Layer-by-Layer (LbL)的方法调控有机太阳电池活性层中分子的取向,进而提升电池器件的效率。通过向电子受体中加入不同的添加剂实现活性层中受体分子(Y6)的取向调节,优化后器件的能量转换效率达到16.2%。利用椭圆偏振光谱和掠入射广角X射线散射(GIWAXS)技术对活性层薄膜进行了表征,结果表明,向受体中加入1, 8-二碘辛烷(DIO)作为添加剂后,活性层中的Y6分子倾向水平取向,向受体中加入氯萘(CN)作为添加剂后,Y6分子倾向于垂直取向。电学和光学表征结果表明,Y6的水平取向增加了器件内激子的分离效率,进而提升了器件的能量转换效率。     

不同比例的P3HT与PCBM共混体系光电池性能分析

以P3HT(poly(3-hexylthiophene))为电子给体材料(D),PCBM([6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyricacid methyl ester)为电子受体材料(A),制成了不同比例的共混体系太阳电池。从不同比例的给体与受体材料共混体系的紫外可见光谱(UV-vis)、光荧光谱(PL)、太阳电池的光敏(PS)图及器件的光、暗导J-V图方面,详细分析了不同比例的给体与受体材料对器件性能影响。得出了当给体与受体材料质量比例为1∶1时,太阳电池的性能最好。其光电池在100 mW/cm2强度光照下,其开路电压VOC为0.59 V,短路电流密度JSC为5.71 mA/cm2,填充因子FF为55.7%,能量转换效率η为1.88%。     

P3HT和MEH-PPV薄膜的光谱性质和结晶研究

溶剂不同会影响聚合物的光敏形貌和一些其他性能,本文就常用的几种溶剂(氯仿、四氢呋喃、二硫化碳、甲苯)对聚3-己基噻吩(P3HT)和聚[2-甲氧基-5(2'-乙基己氧基)对苯乙炔](MEH-PPV)的光谱性质和结晶过程的影响进行初步的研究.     

一种提高染料敏化太阳电池光吸收的结构的初步研究

染料敏化太阳电池中的染料对入射太阳光的充分吸收是提高电池光电转换效率的一个重要因素,针对染料在长波范围吸收光差的缺点,本文介绍了一种提高电池光吸收的改进结构.对P25氧化钛粉工艺制备的电池及改进结构的透过光谱和光电转换效率进行了初步研究,电池的透过光谱测试表明,有相当一部分光透过电池而没有充分利用.经太阳模拟器测试,改进结构对提高电池光吸收具有明显的效果,短路电流增加了大约0.8mA/cm2,光电转换效率相对提高了11.4%.     

SnS掺杂对P3HT/PCBM体系太阳能电池光电特性的影响研究

采用连续离子层吸附反应法(SILAR)在TiO₂/FTO电极上沉积SnS, 组装结构为FTO/TiO₂/SnS/ P3HT:PCBM/Ag的多层异质结太阳能电池, 结果显示: SnS掺杂能显著提高P3HT/PCBM体系太阳能电池的光电转化性能。通过SEM观察、UV-Vis光谱、J-V曲线、Raman光谱以及射频辉光放电光谱仪(GD-OES)等手段, 系统研究了不同前驱体液浓度制备的SnS对电池的影响, 发现当n(Sn²⁺):n(S^2-)为1:1.5时, 电池的光电转化效率最高, 达到0.369%, 其开路电压、短路电流和填充因子分别达到0.373 V、1.92 mA/cm²和51.2%。另外, GD-OES谱图显示前驱体溶液中Sn²⁺/S^2-比例对于SnS_x层的化学组成及沉淀量具有重要影响, 从而导致复合太阳能电池光电性能的显著变化。     

Integrated Perovskite/Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells

The recently emerged integrated perovskite/bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (IPOSCs) without any recombination layers have generated wide attention. This type of device structure can take the advantages of tandem cells using both perovskite solar and near-infrared (NIR) BHJ organic solar materials for wide-range sunlight absorption and the simple fabrication of single junction cells, as the low bandgap BHJ layer can provide additional light harvesting in the NIR region and the high open-circuit voltage can be maintained at the same time. This progress report highlights the recent developments in such IPOSCs and the possible challenges ahead. In addition, the recent development of perovskite solar cells and NIR organic solar cells is also covered to fully underline the importance and potential of IPOSCs.     

Nonfullerene Tandem Organic Solar Cells with High Performance of 14.11%

Fabricating solar cells with tandem structure is an efficient way to broaden the photon response range without further increasing the thermalization loss in the system. In this work, a tandem organic solar cell (TOSC) based on highly efficient nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) with series connection type is demonstrated. To meet the different demands of front and rear sub‐cells, two NFAs named F‐M and NOBDT with a whole absorption range from 300 to 900 nm are designed, when blended with wide bandgap polymer poly[(2,6‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene))‐alt‐(5,5‐(1′,3′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐5′,7′‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)benzo[1′,2′‐c:4′,5′‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione))] (PBDB‐T) and narrow bandgap polymer PTB7‐Th, respectively, the PBDB‐T: F‐M system exhibits a high V_oc of 0.98 V and the PTB7‐Th: NOBDT system shows a remarkable J_sc of 19.16 mA cm^?2, which demonstrate their potential in the TOSCs. With the guidance of optical simulation, by systematically optimizing the thickness of each layer in the TOSC, an outstanding power conversion efficiency of 14.11%, with a V_oc of 1.71 V, a J_sc of 11.72 mA cm^?2, and a satisfactory fill factor of 0.70 is achieved; this result is one of the top efficiencies reported to date in the field of organic solar cells.     

Advances in Solution‐Processed Multijunction Organic Solar Cells

The efficiency of organic solar cells can benefit from multijunction device architectures, in which energy losses are substantially reduced. Herein, recent developments in the field of solution‐processed multijunction organic solar cells are described. Recently, various strategies have been investigated and implemented to improve the performance of these devices. Next to developing new materials and processing methods for the photoactive and interconnecting layers, specific layers or stacks are designed to increase light absorption and improve the photocurrent by utilizing optical interference effects. These activities have resulted in power conversion efficiencies that approach those of modern thin film photovoltaic technologies. Multijunction cells require more elaborate and intricate characterization procedures to establish their efficiency correctly and a critical view on the results and new insights in this matter are discussed. Application of multijunction cells in photoelectrochemical water splitting and upscaling toward a commercial technology is briefly addressed.     

有机染料共敏化太阳能电池研究进展

近年来,染料敏化太阳能电池由于低成本、高效率而备受人们关注。共同敏化太阳能电池是利用多种染料共同敏化光阳极的新一类染料敏化太阳能电池。共敏化太阳能电池显示出了较单一染料敏化太阳能电池更好的效率和稳定性,具有很好的应用前景。综述了近年来有机染料共同敏化太阳能电池在染料分子结构的设计、半导体的改良等方面所取得的研究进展。     

A 3-Fluoropyridine Manipulating the Aggregation and Fibril Network of Donor Polymers for Eco-Friendly Solution-Processed Versatile Organic Solar Cells

The development of eco-friendly solvent-processed organic solar cells (OSCs) suitable for industrial-scale production should be now considered the imperative research. Herein, asymmetric 3-fluoropyridine (FPy) unit is used to control the aggregation and fibril network of polymer blends. Notably, terpolymer PM6(FPy = 0.2) incorporating 20% FPy in a well-known donor polymer poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl-3-fluoro)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1’,3’-di-2-thienyl-5’,7’-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1’,2’-c:4’,5’-c’]dithiophene-4,8-dione)] (PM6) can reduce the regioregularity of the polymer backbone and endow them with much-enhanced solubility in eco-friendly solvents. Accordingly, the excellent adaptability for fabricating versatile devices based on PM6(FPy = 0.2) by toluene processing is demonstrated. The resulting OSCs exhibit a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.1% (17.0% by processed with chloroform) and low batch-to-batch variation. Moreover, by controlling the donor-to-acceptor weight ratio at 0.5:1.0 and 0.25:1.0, semi-transparent OSCs (ST-OSCs) yield significant light utilization efficiencies of 3.61% and 3.67%, respectively. For large-area (1.0 cm²) indoor OSC (I-OSC), a high PCE of 20.6% is achieved with an appropriate energy loss of 0.61 eV under a warm white light-emitting diode (3,000 K) with the illumination of 958 lux. Finally, the long-term stability of the devices is evaluated by investigating their structure–performance–stability relationship. This work provides an effective approach to realizing eco-friendly, efficient, and stable OSCs/ST-OSCs/I-OSCs.