活性白土/壳聚糖复合物的制备及其吸附性能研究

用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为修饰剂,对活性白土进行修饰改性。将改性后的活性白土与壳聚糖复合,通过溶液插层技术制备了活性白土/壳聚糖复合物。通过红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、热重分析仪(TGA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对所制备的活性白土/壳聚糖复合物进行表征。以对甲基橙的吸附行为作为模拟吸附实验,研究了活性白土/壳聚糖复合物的吸附性能,探讨了温度、复合吸附剂用量、甲基橙溶液浓度、吸附时间等条件对吸附剂吸附效果的影响。结果显示:修饰剂和壳聚糖显著提高了活性白土的片层间距,从而有利于提高活性白土的吸附性能。在吸附时间为30min、温度为25℃、吸附剂用量为0.06g的条件下,吸附剂具有较为优异的吸附效果。     

活性白土/壳聚糖对铜离子吸附作用研究

以活性白土和壳聚糖为原料,通过简单的工艺制得了活性白土/壳聚糖。利用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、热重分析仪(TGA)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对活性白土/壳聚糖的结构和热稳定性能进行了分析。结果显示,活性白土与壳聚糖形成了稳定结构的复合物,活性白土的层间距增大,说明壳聚糖填充到活性白土的层间结构中,有利于提高吸附作用。以活性白土/壳聚糖为吸附剂,铜离子(Cu2+)溶液为吸附液,研究了吸附条件对吸附剂吸附性能的影响。结果表明,在活性白土与壳聚糖质量比为1∶0.03,吸附时间为30min,吸附剂投加量为0.5g,吸附温度为50℃,溶液pH为6.0的条件下,活性白土/壳聚糖对初始浓度为10mg/L的Cu2+溶液的吸附效果较好,吸附率达到83.2%,显示了活性白土/壳聚糖良好的吸附性能。     

粉煤灰吸附处理废润滑油中水的动力学研究

为探索用于废润滑油再生吸附的廉价高效吸附剂,用粉煤灰作为吸附剂对废润滑油进行吸附处理。预处理原状粉煤灰并配制一定浓度以水为单一吸附质的废润滑油,探究其优化的均匀实验条件,考察粉煤灰对废润滑油中水的吸附动力学特性。结果表明,预处理后粉煤灰具备较好吸附特性的物质和结构基础;反应55min时,吸附达到平衡,水的去除率达到91.15%,单位吸附量达到279.745μg/g;动力学数据拟合吸附过程符合准二级吸附速率方程;孔道扩散过程分为初始的快速扩散过程和随后的缓慢内扩散过程,BN=101.629,吸附过程由孔道内扩散主要控制。     

粉煤灰对废润滑油中水的吸附热力学

为将粉煤灰吸附剂应用到废润滑油的吸附再生中,预处理原状粉煤灰,配置以水为吸附质的废润滑油,考察粉煤灰对废润滑油中水的吸附热力学特性。结果表明:预处理后粉煤灰以孔隙较小的介孔和微孔结构为主,比表面积为10.45m2/g;粉煤灰的平衡吸附量随着平衡浓度的增加而增加,随温度的升高而升高;吸附过程为以范德华力为主的物理吸附,是不可逆的自发过程和吸热过程,升温有利于吸附的进行。     

大洋多金属结核浸出渣对含Cr^6＋重金属废水的吸附研究

用新型固体工业废渣——大洋多金属结核浸出渣作为吸附剂，通过改变废水溶液pH值、吸附时间、溶液体积等条件，研究大洋多金属结核浸出渣对重金属离子Cr^6＋吸附率的影响，从而确定了浸出渣作为吸附剂处理Cr^6＋重金属废水的最佳吸附条件。     

活性白土/壳聚糖复合物对苯系污染物的吸附行为研究

通过表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对活性白土进行化学改性,并与壳聚糖(CS)复合制备活性白土/CS复合物。利用红外光谱仪、热重分析仪、X-射线衍射仪和透射电子显微镜对活性白土/CS复合物的结构、热稳定性能和形貌进行表征。考察了活性白土/CS复合物对苯系污染物的吸附性能,结果表明:对苯酚、苯甲酸和苯酐的吸附率分别达到72.43%、83.41%和70.86%。优于单一吸附剂对苯系污染物的吸附性能,显示了活性白土/CS复合物良好的吸附行为。     

大洋多金属结核浸出渣对含Cr6+重金属废水的吸附研究

用新型固体工业废渣——大洋多金属结核浸出渣作为吸附剂,通过改变废水溶液pH值、吸附时间、溶液体积等条件,研究大洋多金属结核浸出渣对重金属离子Cr⁶⁺吸附率的影响,从而确定了浸出渣作为吸附剂处理Cr⁶⁺重金属废水的最佳吸附条件。     

琥珀酰化壳聚糖/石墨烯复合材料的制备及对酸性品红的吸附

以壳聚糖为原料,通过琥珀酸酐与活性白土、氧化石墨烯进行化学改性处理,制备琥珀酰化壳聚糖/石墨烯复合材料。利用红外光谱仪、热失重分析、扫描电镜等对该复合材料的结构、性能及形貌进行表征,并通过紫外-可见分光光度计对其吸附酸性品红的性能进行探讨。结果表明:复合材料具有比表面积较大和活性位点较多的疏松多孔的结构;在投加量为0.1g,吸附时间为45min,pH=6,初始浓度为20mg/L时,对酸性品红的吸附效果最佳,最大去除率达99.1%。壳聚糖和石墨烯的引入改变了活性白土在水中的分散状态,对酸性品红的吸附能力得到提高,吸附行为符合Langmuir等温吸附模型。实验表明,该复合材料具有较好的重复利用性。     

高钛型高炉渣有望资源化利用

武汉科技大学完成的高钛型高炉渣资源化综合利用研究项目日前通过专家鉴定,该技术有望解决攀钢集团有限公司投产40年以来所积存的6000余万t高炉尾渣。这项拥有自主知识产权的技术已实现工业试生产,尾渣中钛的回收率超过90％,提钛后的尾渣还能生产铝酸盐水泥、钢水精炼脱硫剂等高附加值产品,炉渣综合利用率达到95％以上。     

高炉冲渣水余热利用技术分析与思考

炼铁高炉在生产过程中产生的高炉冲渣水排放了大量的热量,如能利用这些废热可有效降低钢铁企业能耗。本文阐述了当前冲渣水余热利用方式及现状,对钢铁厂进行高炉冲渣水余热利用系统的规划和设计的关键点进行了分析,以某钢铁厂为例进行了案例分析及效益测算,为行业内同类工程的开展提供借鉴。     

Removal of lead and zinc ions from water by low cost adsorbents

In this study, activated carbon, kaolin, bentonite, blast furnace slag and fly ash were used as adsorbent with a particle size between 100 mesh and 200 mesh to remove the lead and zinc ions from water. The concentration of the solutions prepared was in the range of 50–100 mg/L for lead and zinc for single and binary systems which are diluted as required for batch experiments. The effect of contact time, pH and adsorbent dosage on removal of lead and zinc by adsorption was investigated. The equilibrium time was found to be 30 min for activated carbon and 3 h for kaolin, bentonite, blast furnace slag and fly ash. The most effective pH value for lead and zinc removal was 6 for activated carbon. pH value did not effect lead and zinc removal significantly for other adsorbents. Adsorbent doses were varied from 5 g/L to 20 g/L for both lead and zinc solutions. An increase in adsorbent doses increases the percent removal of lead and zinc. A series of isotherm studies was undertaken and the data evaluated for compliance was found to match with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. To investigate the adsorption mechanism, the kinetic models were tested, and it follows second order kinetics. Kinetic studies reveals that blast furnace slag was not effective for lead and zinc removal. The bentonite and fly ash were effective for lead and zinc removal.     

Removal of phosphate from aqueous solution with blast furnace slag

Blast furnace slag was used to remove phosphate from aqueous solutions. The influence of pH, temperature, agitation rate, and blast furnace slag dosage on phosphate removal was investigated by conducting a series of batch adsorption experiments. In addition, the yield and mechanisms of phosphate removal were explained on the basis of the results of X-ray spectroscopy, measurements of zeta potential of particles, specific surface area, and images of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the particles before and after adsorption. The specific surface area of the blast furnace slag was 0.4m(2)g(-1). The removal of phosphate predominantly has taken place by a precipitation mechanism and weak physical interactions between the surface of adsorbent and the metallic salts of phosphate. In this study, phosphate removal in excess of 99% was obtained, and it was concluded that blast furnace slag is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of phosphate from solution.     

钢渣-矿渣基全尾矿充填胶结材料的研究

以冶金废渣钢渣、矿渣及电厂废渣脱硫石膏为主要原材料,添加少量的硅酸盐水泥及激发剂,制备了一种新型的钢渣～矿渣基全尾矿充填胶结材料。通过系统试验,确定了制备钢渣-矿渣基全尾矿充填胶结材料的最优配比及影响其性能的显著性因素。结果表明,采用钢渣-矿渣基全尾矿充填胶结材料制备的充填体在胶砂比为1;9、固体浓度约为68％时,28天抗压强度可达到2．5MPa以上。钢渣-矿渣基全尾矿充填胶结材料的固体废弃物含量高达90％以上,且成本明显低于普通水泥,因此会产生较好的环境和经济效益。     

中钛型含钛高炉渣制微晶玻璃及其性能研究

以中钛型含钛高炉渣为主原料制备微晶玻璃,利用渣中的TiO2作晶核剂.采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等分析技术研究了含钛高炉渣用量的变化对基础玻璃晶化、微晶玻璃性能的影响.结果表明,渣中适量的TiO2对玻璃晶化有较好的促进作用.渣用量较低时制得的微晶玻璃的主晶相为硅灰石,但当渣用量超过70％时,主晶相发生变化,变为钙铝黄长石等长石类矿相.中钛型含钛高炉渣用量为63％左右时,制得的微晶玻璃晶相含量合适,性能最好.此时采用的热处理制度为:核化温度720℃,保温1h,晶化温度945℃,保温2h,制得的微晶玻璃抗弯强度为121.68MPa,显微硬度为7.81 GPa.     

Removal of bromophenols from water using industrial wastes as low cost adsorbents

A comparative study of the adsorbents prepared from several industrial wastes for the removal of 2-bromophenol, 4-bromophenol and 2,4-dibromophenol has been carried out. The results show that maximum adsorption on carbonaceous adsorbent prepared from fertilizer industry waste has been found to be 40.7, 170.4 and 190.2 mg g(-1) for 4-bromophenol 2-bromophenol and 2,4-dibromophenol, respectively. As compared to carbonaceous adsorbent, the other three adsorbents (viz., blast furnace sludge, dust, and slag) adsorb bromophenols to a much smaller extent. This has been attributed to the carbonaceous adsorbent having a larger porosity and consequently higher surface area. The adsorption of bromophenols on this adsorbent has been studied as a function of contact time, concentration and temperature. The adsorption has been found to be endothermic, and the data conform to the Langmuir equation. The further analysis of data indicates that adsorption is a first order process. A comparative study of adsorption results with those obtained on standard activated charcoal sample shows that prepared carbonaceous adsorbent is about 45% as efficient as standard activated charcoal in removing bromophenols. To test the practical utility of this adsorbent, column operations were also carried out. The results were found satisfactory in removing bromophenols by column operations. Therefore, the present investigations recommend the use of carbon slurry waste as inexpensive adsorbent for small scale industries of developing/poor countries where disposal of solid waste of various industries and proper treatment of polluted wastewater is a serious problem.     

A novel conversion of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag into Ti-containing zeolites: Comparison study between FAU and MFI type zeolites

In this work, the synthesis of FAU and MFI type Ti-containing zeolites from Ti-bearing blast furnace slag was first achieved via a facile hydrothermal method. The synthesized zeolites were identified to be Ti-NaX and Ti-NaZSM-5 zeolites, with excellent specific surface area of 663.2 and 325.2 m²/g, respectively. Ti species in the Ti-NaX zeolite contained the framework Ti species and amorphous extraframework Ti species, while the Ti species in Ti-NaZSM-5 zeolite were in the form of the two species of above and another anatase TiO_2. To investigate the potential application of the synthesized zeolites in photocatalysis field, an exploratory study was carried out by degradation of methyl orange under UV irradiation. As demonstrated, the Ti-NaZSM-5 zeolite showed higher photocatalytic performance and was more suitable to be the support of the TiO₂ photocatalyst than the Ti-NaX zeolite. Innovative conversion of TBFS into Ti-containing zeolite materials does provide not only a novel and low-cost approach to waste management, but also a promising material candidate for catalytic oxidation and environmental purification.     

泡沫型吸油复合材料的制备及其吸油性

为解决污水中的油类污染问题,采用环保无毒的三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)作为基体,金矿提纯后的废弃矿渣粉作为填料,利用熔融共混及模压发泡的方法,制备出一种低价、高效的泡沫型吸油复合材料(废弃矿渣粉/EPDM).研究了填料、交联剂(DCP)和发泡剂(AC)的用量对复合材料吸油率的影响,讨论了相应复合材料的保油率,并从EPDM自身结构、交联剂DCP及废弃矿渣粉的添加量等方面对复合材料的吸油机理进行了分析.实验结果表明:废弃矿渣粉含量为10phr,DCP含量为2phr,AC含量为4phr是复合材料的最佳配比.非泡沫型复合材料的吸油率比交联EPDM的吸油率提高了101.46%;泡沫型复合材料比非泡沫型复合材料的吸油率再次提高389.82%.     

Characterizing pore structure of cement blend pastes using water vapor sorption analysis

Pore structure is an essential factor that influences the mechanical behavior and durability of cement-based porous materials with or without added binders. An empirical model for water vapor sorption isotherms was employed to evaluate the pore structure of hardened cement pastes incorporating granulated blast furnace slag and silica fume. The model is an extension of the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller multilayer adsorption theory. Assuming cylindrical-shaped pores and an adsorbed liquid-like layer between the pore surface and gas phase, pore size distributions of the blended cement pastes were estimated. Calculated pore size distribution curves were compared with those measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry. Added granulated blast furnace slag and silica fume had minor effects on the monolayer adsorption capacity, but reduced the energy of the first and subsequent adsorption layers. The adsorbed liquid-like layer generated sharper pore size distribution peaks that were shifted to the mesoporous region. The pore size distributions were comparable with those determined by the mercury extrusion branch, but differed from those obtained by the mercury intrusion branch. Hysteresis of the water vapor adsorption–desorption isotherms and mercury intrusion–extrusion curves was due to the entrapment of a non-wetting phase in the porous system, further promoted by residual mercury in the pores following mercury extrusion.     

高炉渣作为可回收材料的综合利用探讨

文章主要介绍了高炉渣目前阶段的各种综合利用技术，分析了我国高炉渣综合利用中还存在的问题，探讨了高炉渣利用的未来的发展趋势。     

应力-化学介质-冻融循环协同作用下水泥基材料失效机理及寿命预测的研究

针对水泥基材料在应力-化学介质-冻融循环协同作用下的耐久性进行了研究,并开发了多种材料失效试验方法和装置。砂浆试件应力-化学腐蚀协同作用试验装置的特点是加载稳定,克服了应力松弛;协同作用耐久性试验装置可以用于监测协同作用下钢筋混凝土试件性能的衰减过程。研究发现:矿物掺合料改善抗渗性的能力依次是矿渣粉、活化煤矸石粉、粉煤灰;随应力比加大和冻融循环次数增加,水泥基材料中钢筋锈蚀加速、化学介质的渗透速度和深度增大,协同作用加速了水泥基材料的失效;可以用一元二次函数来近似预测氯盐-冻融循环-弯曲荷载协同耦合作用下的寿命。