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HR3C凭借良好的高温力学性能和高温抗氧化性能,被广泛用于超超临界机组的过热器和再热器之中.为推进其工业化应用,提高机组的参数效率,迫切需要对HR3C耐热钢进行深入研究,特别是在长期服役过程中析出的第二相与性能的关系.本文综述了HR3C组织结构、析出相的演变,合金元素对析出相的影响,服役过程中的氧化行为、硬度、力学性能、持久强度、冲击韧性、耐腐蚀性、焊接性能和疲劳性能等的研究进展,分析了目前HR3C服役后冲击韧性大幅下降的原因,最后对进一步研究HR3C的关键问题进行了展望. 相似文献
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为了提高310S不锈钢的高温组织稳定性,本工作系统研究了微量合金化元素(Nb, Ti, Zr和W)对310S析出相行为和力学性能的影响。设计的系列合金经过1423K热轧、1423K/0.5h固溶、1173K/0.5h稳定化处理,最后进行973K/408h时效处理。研究结果表明:W可有效提高合金的高温组织稳定性,而过量Mo元素的添加会加速Cr 23 C 6向σ转变;添加Ti和Zr可细化基体晶粒,但Ti会促使时效过程中大量脆性相的析出,严重降低合金的高温组织稳定性,从而恶化合金力学性能。Fe-25Cr-22Ni-0.73Mo-0.35Nb-0.046C (质量分数/%)合金展现出优异的高温组织稳定性和力学性能(σ YS =237MPa,σ UTS =545MPa,δ=39%),有望作为超临界水冷堆核燃料包壳的候选材料。 相似文献
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采用回火硬度法研究了两种不同V,N含量的抗震钢筋回火等温过程组织及显微硬度变化规律,根据J-M-A(Johnson-Mehl-Avrami)理论定量计算了V(C,N)在铁素体中的析出热动力学,并与实验所测PTT(析出-温度-时间)曲线进行对比。透射电镜下观察了V(C,N)沉淀析出规律。结果表明,由于大量弥散的第二相颗粒的作用,V-N微合金化钢筋(0.04V-0.0135N)的回火组织比V微合金化钢筋(0.076V-0.0055N)更加均匀细小。回火硬度法测得两种材料的PTT曲线与计算所得吻合,V微合金化钢筋呈"C"型且在670℃左右的鼻温区析出动力学加快,V-N微合金化钢筋是一单调曲线,这主要考虑N含量的影响。本次实验同时观察到纤维状碳化物,V(C,N)在过饱和铁素体中相间析出以及位错线析出,并就其形成机制进行讨论。 相似文献
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为对比熔盐环境下典型耐热钢HR3C和铁镍基合金HR6W的热腐蚀行为及机理,在高温腐蚀试验系统上开展了750℃和810℃条件下1 000 h的熔盐腐蚀试验,利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪及能谱分析仪等表征了腐蚀产物成分与分布。结果表明:HR6W的腐蚀增重和腐蚀产物厚度均低于HR3C的;试验早期耐热材料的腐蚀主要受离子扩散控制,后期保护膜失效材料主要以失稳腐蚀为主。材料表面腐蚀产物主要为块状尖晶石结构和瘤状团聚物。产物主要为(Fe,Cr)2O3和Fe2O3,并有少量(Ni,Mn) Cr2O4。温度对于腐蚀过程的影响主要体现在提高反应离子活性与扩散速率,加速腐蚀的快速进行生成对应的腐蚀产物。模拟熔盐以熔融态盐膜形式沉积在耐热材料表面发生热腐蚀行为,且腐蚀层疏松多孔、层次分明,呈复合结构,即腐蚀外层为富Fe氧化物,腐蚀内层为富Cr氧化物,基体内侧出现明显内硫化区域。铁镍基合金HR6W的抗腐蚀性能优于耐热钢HR3C。 相似文献
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对K416B高钨高温合金进行固溶和时效处理以调整其中γ?相的形貌使其具有两种尺寸,研究了铸态和热处理态合金的拉伸和持久变形行为。结果表明,铸态K416B合金中的γ?相在基体中分布均匀,其平均尺寸为200 nm,能有效阻碍位错在基体中运动从而使其屈服强度提高。在热处理态的K416B合金中析出了两种γ?相,其尺寸分别为1μm和100 nm。在热处理态K416B合金的室温拉伸过程中全位错剪切大尺寸初生γ?相和以Orowan机制绕过小尺寸二次γ?,使其屈服强度降低。在高温下二次γ?相更容易粗化而使γ基体的宽度增大,促进位错剪切γ?相而使持久应变速率提高。同时,在持久变形过程中纳米级W6C颗粒在γ-γ?相界面弥散析出消耗大量W元素降低γ-γ?两相的错配度,使合金的强化水平下降而导致其持久寿命大幅度降低。 相似文献
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Fe_(63)Ni_1Al_5Ga_2P_(9.65)B_(4.6)Si_3C_(6.75)Co_5非晶合金的晶化行为研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用XRD、DSC检测技术,采用连续升温晶化和等温退火晶化方法,研究分析了Fe63Ni1Al5-Ga2P9.65B4.6Si3C6.75Co5非晶薄带的晶化动力学行为和晶化过程中晶化相的析出过程。结果表明,该非晶合金的玻璃转变和晶化行为均具有显著的动力学特征。Kissinger法计算得到的Eg、Ex、Ep1、Ep2分别为750、340、432、689kJ/mol,Eg Ex,表明合金具有较好的热稳定性。合金晶化过程为:非晶→非晶+α-Fe→非晶+α-Fe+Fe2P+Fe3P→α-Fe+Fe2P+Fe3P+Fe3C(Al,Si)+Fe5PB2+SiC。合金的晶化类型为初晶型和随后的共晶型反应。 相似文献
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研究在980℃/300MPa条件下不同气膜孔分布对DD6单晶气冷叶片模拟试样持久性能及断裂行为的影响。结果表明:在相同的温度和应力条件下,气膜孔的分布是影响模拟试样持久寿命的主要因素;随着气膜孔排数的增加,持久寿命呈规律性下降,而带1排孔、2排孔试样的持久寿命与不带孔的持久寿命略长。通过断口微观和金相组织观察发现,不带孔试样的断裂方式为微孔聚集型断裂,断口上分布着大量方形小平面特征,断口附近纵剖面上可见明显的心部裂纹;而带气膜孔试样的持久变形主要出现在气膜孔区域,断口整体氧化较严重,方形小平面特征减少,韧窝特征明显增加,断口附近纵剖面上气膜孔处均可见裂纹及氧化形貌。基于晶体塑性理论分析了不同孔分布下孔边应力的分布规律,模拟结果显示在气膜孔周边存在应力集中和应力重分布,数值模拟分析结果与试样的断裂位置及形貌吻合。 相似文献
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The effect of Cr content on microstructural stability of the modified high-Nb content HR3C austenitic heat-resistant steel has been investigated during thermal aging at 700°C. It was observed that the σ phase precipitated in the 23.5Cr–18Ni–1.7Nb–0.04C–0.1N (wt.%) steel after aging treatment. However, the σ phase was not observed throughout the aging up to 5000?h as the Cr content was reduced from 23.5 to 21.5?wt-%. Experimental results showed that the yield strength of steel with 23.5?wt-% Cr at room temperature increased from 261 to 492?MPa after aging for 5000?h. The strengthening is closely related to the precipitation of σ phase at early stage of aging (500–2000?h). The influence of alloying elements on the formation of σ phase is discussed. 相似文献
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The stress rupture strength of the SYL-iBN/BN/SiC composite was evaluated at 550 and 750 °C with moisture content levels of 0.0, 0.2, and 0.6 atm partial pressure of water vapor, pH2O. The stress rupture strengths decreased with respect to time with the rate of decrease related to the temperature and the amount of moisture content. In all cases the degradation was more severe initially and then approached a run-out threshold level. The thresholds were reached at approximately 100+, 60, 80 h for the 550 °C with 0.0, 0.2, and 0.6 pH2O, respectively. The thresholds were reached at approximately 40, 20, and 10 h for the 750 °C cases. The interpolated stress rupture strengths at 100 h for 0.0, 0.2, and 0.6 pH2O at 550 °C were 82%, 68%, and 51% of the room temperature monotonic tensile strength. At 750 °C these strengths were 67%, 51%, and 50%. Analysis of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images showed evidence of embrittlement of the fiber/matrix interphase. Little to no embrittlement was observed at both temperatures with 0.0 pH2O. At both 550 and 750 °C with 0.2 and 0.6 pH2O, evidence of embrittlement increased with temperature and test duration with the most extensive embrittlement observed at 750 °C with 0.6 pH2O. 相似文献
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使用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察CGO硅钢制备过程中第二相粒子的析出行为及分布状态,统计粒子的平均尺寸、面密度及Zener因子。结果表明:试样中主要存在两种析出物,一种是(Cu,Mn)S复合析出物,尺寸为1μm左右,称为A类析出物,另一种是Cu_2S析出物,尺寸为10~30nm,称为B类析出物,Cu_2S起主要抑制作用。第二相粒子在热轧阶段大量弥散析出,平均粒子尺寸最小,面密度最高,高温退火前的加工阶段,粒子的平均尺寸不断增加,面密度逐渐降低;高温退火过程中,随着析出物体积分数的降低,其抑制能力呈下降趋势,960℃时析出物发生明显的聚集现象,当Zener因子A低于临界值0.19nm~(-1)时,二次再结晶发生,残留的粒子不会产生有效的抑制作用。 相似文献
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YI GONG JIAN CAO LI‐NA JI CHAO YANG CHENG YAO ZHEN‐GUO YANG JUN WANG XIAO‐MING LUO FU‐MING GU AN‐FANG QI SHANG‐YUN YE ZHENG‐FEI HU 《Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures》2011,34(2):83-96
Dissimilar steels welded joints, between ferritic steel and austenitic stainless steel, are always encountered in high‐temperature components in power plants. As two new grade ferritic steel and austenitic stainless steel, T92 (9Cr0.5Mo2WVNb) and HR3C (TP310HCbN), exhibit superior heat strength at elevated temperatures and are increasingly applied in ultra‐supercritical (USC) plants around the world, a complete assessment of the properties for T92/HR3C dissimilar steels welded joints is urgently required. In this paper, metallographic microstructures across the joint were inspected by optical microscope. Particularly, the creep rupture test was conducted on joints under different load stresses at 625 °C to analyse creep strength and predict their service lives, while their fractograph were observed under scanning electron microscope. Additionally, finite element method was employed to investigate residual stress distribution of joints. Results showed that the joints were qualified under USC conditions, and T92 base material was commonly the weakest part of them. 相似文献