氮氢比对UNIMAX钢离子渗氮组织及性能的影响

目的 针对目前我国航空航天、汽车等领域高端制件精密锻造用模具钢离子渗氮表面改进过程的技术瓶颈,通过开展不同氮氢比条件下的工艺试验,揭示离子渗氮过程中不同的氮氢比对UNIMAX钢离子渗氮组织及性能的影响规律。方法 在真空离子氮化炉中,对UNIMAX钢进行温度为500 ℃、压力为250 Pa、不同氮氢比气氛条件下的离子渗氮试验。并采用显微硬度计、显微维氏硬度计、金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、X射线应力分析仪对上述不同离子渗氮处理后的渗氮层表面硬度、渗层深度、渗层组织、渗层物相组成、表面残余应力、表面脆性进行表征与分析。结果 随着渗氮气氛中N2浓度的降低,渗层深度逐渐减小,扩散层中氮化物组织均匀性逐渐增大,渗层组织中脆性相ε?Fe2,3N相对含量下降,韧性相γ’?Fe4N相对含量提高。表面硬度明显提高,当V(N2)∶V(H2)=1∶1时,最大值可达1 153HV0.2。结论 当V(N2)∶V(H2)=1∶3时,渗层表面硬度与韧性展现出较好的匹配度,在该工艺下可以获得最佳的渗层组织。     

42CrMo钢空气离子氮氧共渗研究

采用不同空气流量对42Cr Mo钢进行离子氮氧共渗,并和常规离子渗氮进行对比。利用金相、显微硬度计、X射线衍射仪、电化学性能分析测试仪对复合渗层的显微组织、厚度、物相、表面硬度及耐蚀性进行了测试和分析。研究结果表明,普通空气可用作42Cr Mo钢离子氮氧共渗处理的氧气源;同样温度和时间条件下,离子氮氧共渗比常规离子渗氮的渗层厚,表面显微硬度提高,硬度梯度更加平缓。同时,渗层中物相含微量Fe3O4,起到提高耐蚀性的效果。同时,研究发现,空气流量0.3 L/min为最佳工艺参数。     

37CrMoMn钢渗氮处理微观组织与性能研究

对37CrMoMn钢钻杆接头进行气体渗氮处理,采用光学显微镜（OM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、显微硬度计及磨擦磨损试验研究了渗氮层的显微组织、硬度及耐磨性能。结果表明：渗氮层厚达150μm,氮化形成的ζ-FezN相、ε-F-e3N相和Cr2N相等氮化物增强相,使表面硬度显著增加。渗氮层与基体材料相比摩擦系数显著降低,钻杆接头经过渗氮后,耐磨性提高了8倍。     

表面纳米化预处理对316L不锈钢渗氮层摩擦学性能的影响

为改善奥氏体不锈钢的表面硬度和耐磨性,采用超声滚压与离子渗氮复合工艺对316L不锈钢表面进行了表面强化处理。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、硬度计、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和能谱仪以及摩擦磨损试验机等测定了渗氮层的硬度、深度、含氮量和物相组成,研究了表面晶层组织结构对离子渗氮行为和渗氮层在润滑油条件下摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明:直接渗氮和超声滚压/渗氮试样表层组织均由S、γ'、ε和Cr N相组成,渗氮层厚度均为20μm,直接渗氮层以S相为主,超声滚压后渗氮层以ε和γ'相为主,组织结构较为致密;超声滚压/渗氮层的平均渗氮含量是直接渗氮层的2.88倍,摩擦系数降低了0.04,显微硬度和耐磨性是直接渗氮层的1.15倍和2.76倍;超声滚压处理诱使316L不锈钢表面形成的纳米晶层组织结构增强了渗氮试样表面的催渗效能和对渗氮层的支撑强度,超声滚压后渗氮试样的表面耐磨性能最好。     

3Cr2W8V盐浴铬钛复合渗层

本文选用3Cr2WaV在小型井式炉中进行铬钛复合渗实验,应用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计和磨损试验机研究了3Cr2WaV的铬钛复合渗层的组织结构和性能.结果表明,复合渗层表面物相主要有TiN、CrN、(Cr,Fe)2N1-x、(Cr,Fe)7C3和(Cr,Fe)23C6;随渗Ti温度的升高,复合渗层表面显微硬度逐渐提高;复合渗层的耐磨性优于离子渗氮层和渗铬层,但其脆性较大.     

低温离子渗氮提高2Cr13不锈钢的冲蚀磨损与冲刷腐蚀抗力

采用喷射式固体粒子冲蚀磨损实验机和浆体冲刷腐蚀装置对比研究了350℃低温离子渗氮和550℃常规高温离子渗氮对2Cr13不锈钢冲蚀磨损和冲刷腐蚀行为的影响规律,通过组织结构分析、硬度测试和电化学交流阻抗分析探讨了低温渗氮改善2Cr13不锈钢抗冲蚀磨损和抗冲刷腐蚀性能的机制。结果表明：低温和常规高温离子渗氮均可提高2Cr13不锈钢在小角度固体颗粒干冲蚀条件下的冲蚀磨损抗力,但是,350℃低温渗氮处理表现出比550℃高温离子渗氮层更好的抗冲蚀磨损性能。在含10%石英砂的中性和酸性5%NaCl水溶液中,350℃低温渗氮处理使2Cr13不锈钢冲刷腐蚀速率分别降低96.7%和87.4%;然而,550℃常规离子渗氮却导致2Cr13不锈钢冲刷腐蚀速率分别提高4.13倍和0.49倍。350℃渗氮层由-εFe3N和N过饱和固溶体αN相组成,其化学稳定性好,硬度高,因而表现出良好的耐腐蚀、抗冲刷磨损与抗冲刷腐蚀性能。550℃渗氮处理时,αN相分解成了α相和CrN化合物,造成基材贫Cr,耐腐蚀性能下降,同时表面硬度低于350℃低温渗氮层,其抗冲蚀磨损性能不及350℃低温渗氮处理,冲刷腐蚀抗力则低于2Cr13不锈钢基材。     

W18Cr4V高速钢离子渗氮层相结构与脆性研究

采用X射线衍射仪,金相显微镜及透射电镜分析W18Cr4V高速钢离子渗氮层相结构,采用连续加载压入法测定渗氮层脆性,分析了渗氮工艺对渗层相结构与脆性的影响。结果表明:离子渗氮工艺影响渗层相结构、含量及其分布,从而影响渗层脆性。     

离子渗氮对耐磨性的影响

对四种离子渗氮工艺条件下的３８ＣｒＭｏＡｌ新渗氮钢进行了磨损试验研究。通过Ｘ射线衍射表面相结构分析以及测量表明硬度，截面硬度梯度，化合物层厚度和渗氮层深度等试验结果表明，离子渗氮前的原始组织对３０Ｃｒ２ＭｏＶ钢耐磨性影响较小，而对３８ＣｒＭｏＡｌ钢的耐磨性影响较大。离子渗氮工艺条件对这两种钢耐磨性具有一最佳值。     

TC4钛合金低压真空渗氮处理

为了改善表面性能,对TC4钛合金在不同温度下进行低压真空渗氮处理。采用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射分析了渗氮层的组织结构,测试了渗氮层的显微硬度和耐磨性。结果表明,TC4钛合金经低压真空渗氮处理后,可获得由表层Ti N和次表层Ti2Al N组成的改性层。温度较低时,表面形成氮化物数量较少,渗层较薄,硬度较低。随温度升高,氮化物数量增多,渗层厚度增加,硬度及耐磨性也随之增加,温度达820℃时,表面硬度可达1000~1100 HV,硬化层深度为50~60μm。温度继续增加,氮化物聚集长大,渗氮层开始变得疏松,硬度及耐磨性下降。     

不同温度下等离子渗氮后TC4钛合金的摩擦磨损性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用等离子渗氮技术提升TC4钛合金的耐磨性并探究最优渗氮温度。利用LDM 1-100型等离子渗氮设备,在650,700,750,800,850℃和900℃温度下对TC4钛合金进行渗氮处理,保温时间均为10 h。利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、白光三维形貌仪、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计分别对不同温度渗氮试样的微观组织结构、表面形貌、表面粗糙度、相结构和硬度进行表征。利用CETR UMT-3型多功能摩擦磨损试验机测试等离子渗氮后TC4钛合金的摩擦学性能。结果表明:TC4钛合金表面显微硬度和粗糙度随温度升高而增大,在900℃渗氮后TC4钛合金表面显微硬度达到了1318HV 0.05,约为基体(360HV 0.05)的4倍。硬度的升高是由于渗氮后试样表面形成了硬质氮化物相(TiN和Ti2N相),且随着渗氮温度升高氮化物的含量增加。相较于低温渗氮(低于750℃)的试样,850℃和900℃渗氮试样的承载能力显著提升。与原始TC4试样相比,渗氮处理后试样的磨损体积显著降低。当渗氮温度为850℃时,试样磨损体积为未处理试样磨损体积的1.2%(1 N),3.0%(3 N)和62.2%(5 N),试样的耐磨性提升更为显著。     

不锈耐热钢制件渗氮层缺陷的原因分析及其改进的工艺方法

本文分析了4Cr14N114W2Mo钢制件经一般气体氮化的渗氮层产生裂纹和剥落等缺隔的形式和主要原因。试验论证了氨氮氮化和离子氮化等工艺方法在解决渗氮层常见缺陷方面所起到的作用和取得的效果。     

纯铁及结构钢快速气体渗氮工艺及机理研究

研究了纯铁及38CrMoAlA钢分别在500℃、0~0.4MPa压力和510℃、0~0.5MPa压力条件下的氨气渗氮行为。提高渗氮压力可显著加速气体渗氮动力学过程,纯铁在500℃和0.4 MPa下气体渗氮处理5h后渗氮层厚度(1160μm)可同比达到常规渗氮层厚度(205μm)的5倍以上,而38CrMoAlA钢经510℃和0.5 MPa压力下渗氮5h后的渗氮层厚度(400μm)几乎与常规渗氮50h所得硬化层厚度(440μm)相当。同时,纯铁及38CrMoAlA钢渗氮层中ε-Fe2-3N与γ′-Fe4N的相比例、氮势及表层硬度均随压力的提高呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势。提出了一种合金结构钢表面高强高韧渗氮层快速复合制备工艺(增压渗氮+冷轧)。与一段式常规渗氮及增压渗氮工艺相比,复合工艺处理表层硬度及韧性均较优良,尤其高剪切应力磨损条件下复合处理表层的耐磨性能最优,在20~600℃热循环处理10~300次条件下复合处理表层的耐热疲劳性能最佳。研究了42CrMo钢在既定的渗氮周期内(6h)以NH3为介质,530℃及不同压力循环次数条件下的气体渗氮行为。在渗氮温度和总时间相同条件下,循环压力气体渗氮样品化合物层随压力循环次数的增加逐渐减薄,渗氮层整体厚度随压力循环次数的增加逐渐增加,同时渗氮表层韧性随压力循环次数的增加逐渐增强。     

The effect of temperature on plasma nitriding behaviour of DIN 1.6959 low alloy steel

A series of experiments have been conducted on DIN 1.6959 low-alloy steel using a 5 kVA DC plasma nitriding apparatus with the aim of elucidating the role of treatment temperature in plasma nitriding process. Treatments were carried out in 75%N₂-25%H₂ atmosphere of 4 mbar for 5 h at temperatures ranging from 350 to 550 °C. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, along with surface roughness and microhardness measurements were utilized to characterize the treated samples. The depth, microstructure, hardness profile and phase constituents of the nitrided layers as well as the surface roughness of the samples were assessed as a function of treatment temperature. The results suggested that the compound layers were mostly dual phase consisting of gamma prime and epsilon iron nitride phases. Increasing treatment temperature increases compound layer and diffusion layer thicknesses. However, maximum surface hardness and roughness were found on the samples treated at 500 and 550 °C, respectively.     

Effects of various nitriding parameters on active screen plasma nitriding behavior of a low-alloy steel

Active screen plasma nitriding (ASPN) is a novel surface modification technique that has many capabilities over the conventional DC plasma nitriding (CPN). In this study, 30CrNiMo8 low-alloy steel was active screen plasma-nitrided under various nitriding parameters such as active screen set-up parameters (different screen hole sizes, mesh sheet and plate top lids) and treatment temperature (520, 550 and 580 °C), in the gas mixture of 75% N₂+25% H₂ and chamber pressure of 500 Pa for 5 h. The properties of the nitrided specimens have been assessed by evaluating composition of phases, surface hardness, compound layer thickness and case depth using X-ray diffraction (XRD), microhardness measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the screen hole size and top lid type (mesh or plate) play an important role in transition of active species (nitrogen ions and neutrals) toward the sample surface, which in turn can affect the nitrided layer hardness and thickness. Treatment at higher temperature with bigger screen hole size resulted in a thicker compound layer and higher layer hardness. The compound layers developed on the samples treated under different conditions were dual phase consisting of γ′-Fe₄N and ε-Fe_2-3N phases.     

Hydrogen-free nitriding of ZrTiAlV by double glow plasma discharge improving the wear resistance

A hydrogen-free nitriding method through double glow plasma metallurgy is exploited and a nitrided layer was formed on ZrTiAlV alloy. The nitrided layer was characterised through X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy techniques, as well as through Vickers hardness and friction and wear tests. Results showed that the nitrided layer is 580?µm thick, homogeneous and dense. It mainly consists of TiN, Ti₂N and ZrN phases. The hardness of the nitrided layer on the surface of the ZrTiAlV alloy is nearly 2.5 times higher than that of the ZrTiAlV substrate. The friction coefficient and wear resistance of the alloy considerably improved after nitriding.     

Research on new rapid and deep plasma nitriding techniques of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel

Cyclic plasma oxynitriding and cyclic plasma nitriding catalyzed by rare earth La of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel were performed and compared with conventional plasma nitriding. The nitrided layers were investigated by means of an optical microscope, microhardness tester, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), wear machine, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the wear resistance of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel is improved significantly by the two new rapid and deep plasma nitriding techniques. The new techniques increase the surface hardness of the nitrided layers and make the microhardness profiles gentler, which are consistent with the nitrogen concentration depth profiles. Meanwhile, the nitrided effect improves with increasing cycles. It was also found that the optimum phase compositions of nitrided layers with more γ′ phases and less ? phases for long-term service conditions can be obtained by the two new techniques, which is in agreement with the microstructure. In addition, traces of Fe₃O₄ were found in the cyclic plasma oxynitrided sample. Combining the SEM and EDS analysis indicated the existence of La in the nitrided layer of the sample under cyclic plasma nitriding catalyzed by rare earth La.