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1.
George Krauss 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2001,32(4):861-877
This article reviews the strengthening and fracture mechanisms that operate in carbon and low-alloy carbon steels with martensitic
microstructures tempered at low temperatures, between 150 °C and 200 °C. The carbon-dependent strength of low-temperature-tempered
(LTT) martensite is shown to be a function of the dynamic strain hardening of the dislocation and transition carbide substructure
of martensite crystals. In steels containing up to 0.5 mass pct carbon, fracture occurs by ductile mechanisms of microvoid
formation at dispersions of second-phase particles in the matrix of the strain-hardened tempered martensite. Steels containing
more than 0.5 mass pct carbon with LTT martensitic microstructures are highly susceptible to brittle intergranular fracture
at prior austenite grain boundaries. The mechanisms of the intergranular fracture are discussed, and approaches that have
evolved to minimize such fracture and to utilize the high strength of high-carbon hardened steels are described.
The Edward DeMille Campbell Memorial Lecture was established in 1926 as an annual lecture in memory of and in recognition
of the outstanding scientific contributions to the metallurgical profession by a distinguished educator who was blind for
all but two years of his professional life. It recognizes demonstrated ability in metallurgical science and engineering.
Dr. George Krauss is currently University Emeritus Professor at the Colorado School of Mines. He received the B.S. in Metallurgical
Engineering from Lehigh University in 1955 and the M.S. and Sc.D. degrees in Metallurgy from the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology in 1958 and 1961, respectively, after working at the Superior Tube Company as a Development Engineer in 1956. In
1962–63, he was an NSF Postdoctoral Fellow at the Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforshung (Düsseldorf, Germany). He served at
Lehigh University as Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, and Professor of Metallurgy and Materials Science from 1963
to 1975 and, in 1975, joined the faculty of the Colorado School of Mines as the AMAX Professor of Physical Metallurgy. He
was the John Henry Moore Professor of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering at the time of his retirement from the Colorado
School of Mines in 1997.
In 1984, Dr. Krauss was a principal in the establishment of the Advanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center, an
NSF industry-university cooperative research center at the Colorado School of Mines, and served as its first director until
1993. He has authored the book Steels: Heat Treatment and Processing Principles, ASM International, 1990, coauthored the book Tool Steels, Fifth Edition, ASM International, 1998, and edited or coedited several conference volumes on topics including tempering of steel, carburizing,
zinc-based coatings on steel, and microalloyed forging steels. He has published over 280 papers and lectured widely at technical
conferences, universities, corporations, and ASM chapters, including a number of keynote, invited, and honorary lectures.
Dr. Krauss has served as the President of the International Federation of Heat Treatment and Surface Modification, 1989–91,
and as President of ASM International, 1996–97. He is a Fellow of ASM International and has received the Adolf Martens Medal
of the German Society for Heat Treatment and Materials Technology, the Charles S. Barrett Silver Medal of the Rocky Mountain
Chapter ASM, the George Brown Gold Medal of the Colorado School of Mines, and several other professional and teaching awards,
including the ASM Albert Easton White Distinguished Teacher Award in 1999. He is an Honorary Member of the Iron and Steel
Institute of Japan and a Distinguished Member of the Iron and Steel Society of AIME. 相似文献
2.
Merton C. Flemings 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2001,32(4):853-860
Metallurgy/materials education will continue to evolve to encompass, in an intellectually unified way, the full range of structural
and functional materials. Computation, information, and other advanced sciences and technologies will assume increasing roles
in materials education, as will distance and continuing education. The advantages of the changes will be many … to the graduates,
to emerging industries, and to the traditional metallurgical industries seeking productive, creative young engineers as employees.
The need for continuing change in our metallurgy/materials departments is now no less if we are to attract the best young
people into our field in the numbers needed and to best serve the needs of industry.
Merton C. Flemings received his S.B. degree from MIT in the Department of Metallurgy in 1951. He received his S.M. and Sc.D.
degrees, also in Metallurgy, in 1952 and 1954, respectively. From 1954 to 1956, he was employed as Metallurgist at Abex Corporation
(Mahwah, NJ), and in 1956 returned to MIT as Assistant Professor. He was appointed Associate Professor in 1961 and Professor
in 1969. In 1970, he was appointed Abex Professor of Metallurgy. In 1975, he became Ford Professor of Engineering, and, in
1981, Toyota Professor of Materials Processing. He established and was the first director of the Materials Processing. He
established and was the first director of the Materials Processing Center at MIT in 1979. He served as Head, Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, from 1982 to 1995 and thereafter returned to full-time teaching and research as Toyota
Professor. He was Visiting Professor at Cambridge University in 1971, Tokyo University in 1986, and Ecole des Mines in 1996.
In 1999, he was appointed Co-Director of the Singapore-MIT Alliance, a major distance educational and research collaboration
among MIT and two Singaporean universities.
Professor Flemings’ research and teaching concentrate on engineering fundamentals of materials processing and on innovation
of materials processing operations. He is active nationally and internationally in strengthening the field of Materials Science
and Engineering and in delineation of new directions for the field. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering
and of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is author or co-author of 300 papers, 26 patents, and 2 books in the
fields of solidification science and engineering, foundry technology, and materials processing. He has worked closely with
industry and industrial problems throughout his professional career and currently serves on a number of corporate and technical
advisory boards.
He received the Simpson Gold Medal from the American Foundrymen’s Society in 1961, the Mathewson Gold Medal of TMS in 1969,
and the Henry Marion Howe Medal of ASM International in 1973 and became a Fellow, ASM International, in 1976. In 1977, he
was awarded the Henri Sainte-Claire Deville Medal by the Societe Francaise de Metallurgie. In October 1978, he received the
Albert Sauveur Achievement Award from ASM INTERNATIONAL. In 1980, he received the John Chipman Award from AIME. In 1984, he
was elected an honorary member of the Japan Foundrymen’s Society and, in 1985, received the James Douglas Gold Medal from
the AIME. The Italian Metallurgical Association awarded him the Luigi Losana Gold Medal in 1986, and he was elected honorary
member of The Japan Iron and Steel Institute in 1987. He was elected a TMS Fellow in 1989. In 1990, he received the TMS Leadership
Award, and the Henry Marion Howe Medal and delivered the Edward DeMille Campbell Memorial Lecture of ASM INTERNATIONAL. In
1991, he received the Merton C. Flemings Award from Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Sigma Alpha Mu elected him a Distinguished
Life Member in 1992. In 1993, he received the TMS 1993 Bruce Chalmers Award and was elected Councillor of the Materials Research
Society. He was elected to the ASM INTERNATIONAL Board of Trustees in 1994. He received the Acta Metallurgica J. Herbert Holloman
Award in 1997 for “contributions to materials technology that have had major impact on society.” Also in 1997 he was appointed
David Turnbull Lecturer of the Materials Research Society for “outstanding contributions to understanding materials phenomena
and properties.” He received the Educator Award of TMS in 1999, received the FMS (Federation of Materials Societies) National
Materials Advancement Award in late 1999, and delivered the ASM and TMS Distinguished Lecture in Materials and Society in
2000. 相似文献
3.
Merton C. Flemings 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2001,32(2):197-204
Metallurgy/materials education will continue to evolve to encompass, in an intellectually unified way, the full range of structural
and functional materials. Computation, information, and other advanced sciences and technologies will assume increasing roles
in materials education, as will distance and continuing education. The advantages of the changes will be many ... to the graduates,
to emerging industries, and to the traditional metallurgical industries seeking productive, creative young engineers as employees.
The need for continuing change in our metallurgy/materials departments is now no less if we are to attract the best young
people into our field in the numbers and to best serve the needs of industry.
Merton C. Flemings received his S.B. degree from MIT in the Department of Metallurgy in 1951. He received his S.M. and Sc.D.
degrees, also in Metallurgy, in 1952 and 1954, respectively. From 1954 to 1956, he was employed as Metallurgist at Abex Corporation
(Mahwah, NJ), and in 1956 returned to MIT as Assistant Professor. He was appointed Associate Professor in 1961 and Professor
in 1969. In 1970, he was appointed Abex Professor of Metallurgy. In 1975, he became Ford Professor of Engineering, and, in
1981, Toyota Professor of Materials Processing. He established and was the first director of the Materials Processing Center
at MIT in 1979. He served as Head, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, from 1982 to 1995 and thereafter returned
to full-time teaching and research as Toyota Professor. He was Visiting Professor at Cambridge University in 1971, Tokyo University
in 1986, and Ecole des Mines in 1996. In 1999, he was appointed Co-Director of the Singapore-MIT Alliance, a major distance
educational and research collaboration among MIT and two Singaporean universities.
Professor Flemings’ research and teaching concentrate on engineering fundamentals of materials processing and on innovation
of materials processing operations. He is active nationally and internationally in strengthening the field of Materials Science
and Engineering and in delineation of new directions for the field. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering
and of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is author or co-author of 300 papers, 26 patents, and 2 books in the
fields of solidification science and engineering, foundry technology, and materials processing. He has worked closely with
industry and industrial problems throughout his professional career and currently serves on a number of corporate and technical
advisory boards.
He received the Simpson Gold Medal from the American Foundrymen’s Society in 1961, the Mathewson Gold Medal of TMS in 1969,
and the Henry Marion Howe Medal of ASM International in 1973 and became a Fellow, ASM International, in 1976. In 1977, he
was awarded the Henri Sainte-Claire Deville Medal by the Societe Francaise de Metallurgie. In October 1978, he received the
Albert Sauveur Achievement Award from ASM INTERNATIONAL. In 1980, he received the John Chipman Award from AIME. In 1984, he
was elected an honorary member of the Japan Foundrymen’s Society and, in 1985, received the James Douglas Gold Medal from
the AIME. The Italian Metallurgical Association awarded him the Luigi Losana Gold Medal in 1986, and he was elected honorary
member of The Japan Iron and Steel Institute in 1987. He was elected a TMS Fellow in 1989. In 1990, he received the TMS Leadership
Award, and the Henry Marion Howe Medal and delivered the Edward DeMille Campbell Memorial Lecture of ASM INTERNATIONAL. In
1991, he received the Merton C. Flemings Award from Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Sigma Alpha Mu elected him a Distinguished
Life Member in 1992. In 1993, he received the TMS 1993 Bruce Chalmers Award and was elected Councillor of the Materials Research
Society. He was elected to the ASM INTERNATIONAL Board of Trustees in 1994. He received the Acta Metallurgica J. Herbert Holloman
Award in 1997 for “contributions to materials technology that have had major impact on society.” Also in 1997 he was appointed
David Turnbull Lecturer of the Materials Research Society for “outstanding contributions to understanding materials phenomena
and properties.” He received the Educator Award of TMS in 1999, received the FMS (Federation of Materials Societies) National
Materials Advancement Award in late 1999, and delivered the ASM and TMS Distinguished Lecture in Materials and Society in
2000. 相似文献
4.
F. D. Richardson 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》1971,2(10):2747-2756
Drops and bubbles are of great importance to the extractive metallurgist in his attempts to speed up processes by the use
of sprays, foams, and jets. In this lecture the ways in which bubbles bring about mass transfer in liquid metals and in slag
metal reactions are described. The role of interfacial turbulence is considered together with the effects of bubble size and
frequency and the properties of the slag and metal phases. Reactions between drops of metal and flowing gases are analyzed
in terms of mass transfer in the reacting phases and of chemical steps at the interface. Recent results obtained on reactions
involving metal drops falling through liquids are considered in relation to mass transfer models in which internal circulation
plays an important part. The work described reports only one facet of the rapidly developing subject of Process Engineering
which ought now to feature prominently in metalurgical education.
Dr. F. DENYS RICHARDSON. Professor of Extraction Metallurgy. Department of Metallurgy, Royal School of Mines. Imperial College
of Science and Technology, London, England, graduated in chemistry at University College, London, in 1933, and obtained a
Ph.D. in physical chemistry in 1936. From 1937 to 1939 he was Commonwealth Fund Fellow at the University of Princeton. From
1946 to 1950 he worked as superintendent chemist at BISRA, building up the work of the chemistry department.
He went to Imperial College in 1950 to found the Nuffield Research Group in Extraction Metallurgy and advance the study of
chemical metallurgy at high temperatures. He received awards in recognition of his work on the thermodynamic properties of
high-temperature systems with special reference to iron- and steelmaking and for his work on high-temperature chemical metallurgy.
He was appointed Professor of Extraction Metallurgy at Imperial College in 1957, his objectives there being to establish the
department as a research center for chemical and process engineering metallurgy, and to develop a metallurgy course in which
these subjects receive as much attention as physical metallurgy. In 1963 he was elected a Fellow of the Metallurgical Society
of the AIME, and in 1964 he gave the AIME Howe Memorial Lecture. Professor Richardson delivered the Hatfield Memorial Lecture
in 1964, the May Lecture of the Institute of Metals in 1965, and the Wernher Memorial Lecture of The Institution of Mining
and Metallurgy in 1967. He was elected a Member of Council of the Iron and Steel Institute in 1967, having been an Honorary
Member since 1962. In 1968 he became a Vice-President of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy. In that year he was also
elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and awarded the Bessemer Gold Medal of the Iron and Steel Institute, both honors for
his contribution to the understanding of the thermodynamics and kinetics of metallurgical processes. In 1970 the honorary
degree of Doktor-Ingenieur was conferred on him by the Technische Hochschale, Aachen.
The 1971 Extractive Metallurgy Division Lecture, “Drops and Bubbles in Extractive Metallurgy.” was delivered on Wedresday,
March 3, 1971. 相似文献
5.
C. B. Alcock 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》1975,6(1):5-18
The Symposium of the Faraday Society in 1948 entitled “Physical Chemistry of Process Metallurgy” occurred at a time when the
science of pyrometallurgy was just beginning an era of rapid development. This lecture discusses the growth of the subject
in the ensuing 25 years showing that a profound increase in our range of understanding and of factual information has taken
place. The knowledge which has been gained now provides a good general framework for the industrial application of principles
and for teaching at the University level. The social and intellectual climate of the times, however, appears to be leading
to a slow-down in the pursuit of fundamental knowledge, in this as in many other applied scientific fields, and the case is
argued for a renewal of effort.
The Extractive Metallurgy Lecture was authorized in 1959 to provide an outstanding man in the field of nonferrous metallurgy
as a lecturer at the annual AIME meeting.
C. B. ALCOCK is Chairman of the Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science at the University of Toronto. He is a 1944
graduate of the Chemistry Department of London's Imperial College. He received his doctorate in chemical metallurgy from London
University in 1955.
After a short spell with the British Iron and Steel Research Association he was appointed Investigator in the Nuffield Research
Group of the Royal School of Mines in 1950. Joining the academic staff of the Metallurgy Department in 1953 as a Lecturer,
Dr. Alcock was a Reader in 1961 and a Professor of Metallurgical Chemistry in 1965. Dr. Alcock is a former Science Research
Foundation Professor of the Carnegie Institute of Technology and of North Carolina State University. He was a Ford Visiting
Professor at the University of Pennsylvania in 1965. Dr. Alcock's research interests are in high temperature chemistry of
metal and ceramic systems. He is a Fellow of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy (London). 相似文献
6.
Robert D. Pehlke 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2002,33(4):519-541
The historical development of solidification modeling is traced, as applied to solidification processing. Clearly, the growth
of this technology followed the computer explosion, particularly with regard to hardware. However, universities and government
laboratories made substantial contributions in the software area, particularly in removing roadblocks to the further development
of the technology and by creative examples. The commercial software houses have utilized these leading-edge developments,
a practice continued and expanding today. Heat-transfer analyses by computer were initiated by utilizing the analog computer,
which appeared to be a competing technology, but by the early 1960s, the digital computer had become the winner in larger-scale
computation. A number of benchmark achievements followed over the next several decades. The evolution of this technology is
documented, including predictions of solidification microstructure and resulting material properties. Future developments
are projected.
This lecture was presented to honor Edward DeMille Campbell (University of Michigan, Class of 1886), born in 1863, who was
appointed Assistant Professor of Metallurgy in 1890. Dr. Campbell brought a strong interest in the study of the constitution
of metals and alloys to the University of Michigan. In 1892, during a study of the composition of steel, he lost his eyesight
in a laboratory explosion. Within five days, he returned to the University, and resumed his teaching and research. Over the
next 30 years, he published 72 research papers, and developed a laboratory course in metallography. In 1924, working under
the direction of Professor Campbell, William Fink discovered a new, tetragonal form of iron (martensite) in the first significant
application of a new tool, X-ray diffraction, to physical metallurgy. It was these experiments that established the beginning
of a strong tradition in physical metallurgy at the University of Michigan. In 1898, Campbell led the effort to establish
Chemical Engineering at Michigan, becoming Professor of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry in 1902. In 1914, Campbell
was appointed Director of the University’s Chemical Laboratory and Professor of Chemistry. Following his death in 1925, the
American Society for Metals established this annual award in his name.
The Edward DeMille Campbell Memorial Lecture was established in 1926 as an annual lecture in memory of and in recognition
of the outstanding scientific contributions to the metallurgical profession by a distinguished educator who was blind for
all but two years of his professional life. It recognizes demonstrated ability in metallurgical science and engineering.
Robert D. Pehlke studied at the University of Michigan, B.S.E. (Met. Eng.) 1955, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, S.M. (Met.) 1958,
and Sc.D. (Met.) 1960, and at the Technical Institute, Aachen, as a Fulbright Fellow, 1956–57. He joined the faculty of the
University of Michigan as Assistant Professor in February 1960, and was appointed Associate Professor in June 1963 and full
Professor in June 1968. In May 1973, he was named Chairman of the Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering. In
June 1978 and 1983, he was reappointed Department Chairman and served until June 1984. In 1994, he was Visiting Professor
at Tohoku University (Sendai, Japan).
He is a member of AIME and ASM, and has served on numerous divisional and award committees within these societies. He has
served on the Technical Divisions Board (1982–84), as Secretary of the ASM Academy for Metals and Materials Committee, and
in 1976 was named a Fellow of the Society. In 1964, he co-edited the ASM seminar volume on Computers in Metallurgy. He has
served as Chairman of the Process Technology Division and as a Director of the ISS-AIME. In 1980, he was named a Distinguished
Life Member of the ISS. In 1976, he received the Science Award Gold Medal of the Extractive Metallurgy Division of TMS-AIME.
In 1983, he was named a Fellow of TMS. He was chairman of the former AIME-ISS Division Publications Committee. He served as
chairman of the Editorial Board for the AIME Monograph Series on Oxygen Steelmaking. In 1980, he presented the Howe Memorial
Lecture on “Steelmaking—The Jet Age.”
In 1991–92, he was the Krumb Lecturer of the Metallurgical Society. In 1980, he was named a Case Institute Centennial Scholar
and the Van Horn Distinguished Lecturer at Case Western Reserve University. He has lectured widely internationally, and at
technical conferences, universities, corporations, and technical society chapters, including presenting a number of keynote,
invited, and honorary lectures.
He was National President of Alpha Sigma Mu and a member of Tau Beta Pi, Sigma Xi, and the New York Academy of Sciences. He
is also a member of the American Society for Engineering Education and the American Foundry Society. He has held memberships
in the Iron and Steel Institute of London, the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, and the Verein Deutscher Eisenhuttenleute.
He is a registered professional engineer in the State of Michigan. Dr. Pehlke has served as Foundry Educational Foundation
Professor at The University of Michigan for 17 years.
Professor Pehlke has authored or co-authored over 300 publications, including editing, authoring, or co-authoring 11 books.
His text Unit Processes of Extractive Metallurgy has been widely used throughout the world. He co-authored Continuous Casting—Design and Operations, which is Volume 4 of the ISS-AIME series. He has won seven American Foundry Society Best Paper awards.
In 1963, Dr. Pehlke published an ASM pioneering paper first describing computer modeling of continuous casting of steel. In
1964, he continued this work in conjunction with McLouth Steel Corporation, which had just installed the first slab casting
machine for steel in the United States. In 1968, he, with the support of the Heat Transfer Committee of the American Foundry
Society, initiated the first university research program in North America on computer modeling of the solidification of shaped
castings.
His early professional employment included three summers each with General Motors Research Laboratories and the Ford Scientific
Laboratory. He has consulted extensively on a wide range of metallurgical subjects, principally with ferrous and nonferrous
metal producers and their suppliers.
His research has covered a broad range of metallurgical topics with an emphasis on high-temperature physical chemistry of
metallurgical systems, modeling of solidification of metals, and computer applications in metallurgy. 相似文献
7.
Y. Austin Chang 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2006,37(2):273-305
I have a long-standing interest in alloy thermodynamics/phase diagrams and in utilizing the principles of this subject for
materials research and engineering applications. At the same time, I also have a long association with ASM International as
a member and a former Trustee of the Society. The Society’s initiative in promoting critical assessments of phase diagrams
beginning in the late 1970s rekindled this field and stimulated further research, particularly in phase diagram calculations.
Significant advancements have been made in phase diagram calculations using the Calphad approach since the late 1980s due
primarily to the availability of inexpensive computers and robust software. In this article, I first present the use of computational
thermodynamics including phase diagram calculation in teaching, next the use of calculated phase diagrams, particularly for
multicomponent systems, for materials research/development, and manufacturing, and last describe some current research in
advancing this methodology when the phases involve ordering with decreasing temperature.
He received his BS from the University of California-Berkeley and his MS from the University of Washington-Seattle, both in
Chemical Engineering, and his Ph.D. in Metallurgy from the University of California-Berkeley. After spending 4 years in industry,
he joined the faculty of the College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, as Associate Professor
in 1967 and was promoted to Professor in 1970. He served as the Chair of the Materials Department from 1971 to 1977 and then
as the Associate Dean for Research in the Graduate School from 1978–1980. In 1980, he joined the faculty of the University
of Wisconsin-Madison, in the Fall of 1980 as Professor, served as the Chair of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering
from 1982 to 1991, and was named Wisconsin Distinguished Professor in 1988. He delivered the Edward DeMille Campbell Lecture
at the Annual ASM International (ASM) Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA, on October 14, 2003.
Professor Chang has a strong interest in research, teaching, and education. He is a Member of the National Academy of Engineering,
a Foreign Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Fellow of ASM and the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society (TMS).
He has focused his research on thermodynamic modeling/phase diagram calculation and in applying thermodynamics and kinetics
to extraction/refining in his earlier career and then structural, electronic, and magnetic materials in bulk form as well
as at the nanoscale. Among his recognitions are the Wisconsin Idea Fellow Award (UW System, 2004), a highly cited materials
scientist covering the period 1981–1999 (ISHighlyCited, 2003), John Bardeen Award (TMS, 2000), Albert Sauveur Achievement
Award (ASM, 1996). Champion H. Mathewson Medal (TMS, 1996), Extraction and Processing Lecturer Award (TMS, 1993), William
Hume-Rothery Award (TMS, 1989), Belton Lecturer Award (CSIRO, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 2000), Winchell Lecturer Award
(Purdue University, 1999), Best Paper Award with Dr. W.-M. Huang (Alloy Phase Diagram International Commission or APDIC, 1999),
Honorary Professorship (Northeast University, Shenyang, 1998-, Southeast University, Nanjing, 1997-, Central South University
of Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 1996-, and University of Science and Technology Beijing, 1995-, all in the People’s Republic
of China), Summer Faculty (Quantum Structure Research Initiative, Hewlett-Packard Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, 1999). Honorary
Chair Professor (National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China, 2002–2005), Visiting Professorship (MIT,
1991 and Tohoku University, Sendai, 1987), Honorary Life Membership of Alpha Sigma Mu (1985), and Byron Bird Award (University
of Wisconsin-Madison, 1978). He also received recognitions in teaching and education: an Outstanding Instructor Award (University
of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1972), Educator Award (TMS, 1990), and Albert Easton White Distinguished Teacher Award (ASM, 1994).
He served as a Trustee of ASM (1981–1984), as the 2000 President of TMS, and as the National President of Alpha Sigma Mu (1984). 相似文献
8.
Robert D. Pehlke 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2002,33(8):2251-2273
The historical development of solidification modeling is traced, as applied to solidification processing. Clearly, the growth
of this technology followed the computer explosion, particularly with regard to hardware. However, universities and government
laboratories made substantial contributions in the software area, particularly in removing roadblocks to the further development
of the technology and by creative examples. The commercial software houses have utilized these leading-edge developments,
a practice continued and expanding today. Heat-transfer analyses by computer were initiated by utilizing the analog computer,
which appeared to be a competing technology, but by the early 1960s, the digital computer had become the winner in larger-scale
computation. A number of benchmark achievements followed over the next several decades. The evolution of this technology is
documented, including predictions of solidification microstructure and resulting material properties. Future developments
are projected.
This lecture was presented to honor Edward DeMille Campbell (University of Michigan, Class of 1886), born in 1863, who was
appointed Assistant Professor of Metallurgy in 1890. Dr. Campbell brought a strong interest in the study of the constitution
of metals and alloys to the University of Michigan. In 1892, during a study of the composition of steel, he lost his eyesight
in a laboratory explosion. Within five days, he returned to the University, and resumed his teaching and research. Over the
next 30 years, he published 72 research papers, and developed a laboratory course in metallography. In 1924, working under
the direction of Professor Campbell, William Fink discovered a new, tetragonal form of iron (martensite) in the first significant
application of a new tool, X-ray diffraction, to physical metallurgy. It was these experiments that established the beginning
of a strong tradition in physical metallurgy at the University of Michigan. In 1898, Campbell led the effort to establish
Chemical Engineering at Michigan, becoming Professor of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry in 1902. In 1914, Campbell
was appointed Director of the University’s Chemical Laboratory and Professor of Chemistry. Following his death in 1925, the
American Society for Metals established this annual award in his name.
The Edward DeMille Campbell Memorial Lecture was established in 1926 as an annual lecture in memory of and in recognition
of the outstanding scientific contributions to the metallurgical profession by a distinguished educator who was blind for
all but two years of his professional life. It recognizes demonstrated ability in metallurgical science and engineering.
Robert D. Pehlke studied at the University of Michigan, B.S.E. (Met. Eng.) 1955, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, S.M. (Met.) 1958,
and Sc.D. (Met.) 1960, and at the Technical Institute, Aachen, as a Fulbright Fellow, 1956–57. He joined the faculty of the
University of Michigan as Assistant Professor in February 1960, and was appointed Associate Professor in June 1963 and full
Professor in June 1968. In May 1973, he was named Chairman of the Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering. In
June 1978 and 1983, he was reappointed Department Chairman and served until June 1984. In 1994, he was Visiting Professor
at Tohoku University (Sendai, Japan).
He is a member of AIME and ASM, and has served on numerous divisional and award committees within these societies. He has
served on the Technical Divisions Board (1982–84), as Secretary of the ASM Academy for Metals and Materials Committee, and
in 1976 was named a Fellow of the Society. In 1964, he co-edited the ASM seminar volume on Computers in Metallurgy. He has
served as Chairman of the Process Technology Division and as a Director of the ISS-AIME. In 1980, he was named a Distinguished
Life Member of the ISS. In 1976, he received the Science Award Gold Medal of the Extractive Metallurgy Division of TMS-AIME.
In 1983, he was named a Fellow of TMS. He was chairman of the former AIME-ISS Division Publications Committee. He served as
chairman of the Editorial Board for the AIME Monograph Series on Oxygen Steelmaking. In 1980, he presented the Howe Memorial
Lecture on “Steelmaking—The Jet Age.”
In 1991–92, he was the Krumb Lecturer of the Metallurgical Society. In 1980, he was named a Case Institute Centennial Scholar
and the Van Horn Distinguished Lecturer at Case Western Reserve University. He has lectured widely internationally, and at
technical conferences, universities, corporations, and technical society chapters, including presenting a number of keynote,
invited, and honorary lectures.
He was National President of Alpha Sigma Mu and a member of Tau Beta Pi, Sigma Xi, and the New York Academy of Sciences. He
is also a member of the American Society for Engineering Education and the American Foundry Society. He has held memberships
in the Iron and Steel Institute of London, the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan, and the Verein Deutscher Eisenhuttenleute.
He is a registered professional engineer in the State of Michigan. Dr. Pehlke has served as Foundry Educational Foundation
Professor at The University of Michigan for 17 years.
Professor Pehlke has authored or co-authored over 300 publications, including editing, authoring, or co-authoring 11 books.
His text Unit Processes of Extractive Metallurgy has been widely used throughout the world. He co-authored Continuous Casting—Design and Operations, which is Volume 4 of the ISS-AIME series. He has won seven American Foundry Society Best Paper awards.
In 1963, Dr. Pehlke published an ASM pioneering paper first describing computer modeling of continuous casting of steel. In
1964, he continued this work in conjunction with McLouth Steel Corporation, which had just installed the first slab casting
machine for steel in the United States. In 1968, he, with the support of the Heat Transfer Committee of the American Foundry
Society, initiated the first university research program in North America on computer modeling of the solidification of shaped
castings.
His early professional employment included three summers each with General Motors Research Laboratories and the Ford Scientific
Laboratory. He has consulted extensively on a wide range of metallurgical subjects, principally with ferrous and nonferrous
metal producers and their suppliers.
His research has covered a broad range of metallurgical topics with an emphasis on high-temperature physical chemistry of
metallurgical systems, modeling of solidification of metals, and computer applications in metallurgy. 相似文献
9.
R. J. Fruehan 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2009,40(2):123-133
The international steel community is faced with the challenge of developing processes that will make steel production more
sustainable in the future. Specifically, processes that produce less CO2 and less net waste materials and emissions and that consume less energy are required. This article outlines where energy
consumption and CO2 emissions are high and can be reduced. Reductions can be achieved by incremental improvements to existing processes or by
a “break-through innovative process”; both strategies are examined. Since most of the energy consumption and CO2 generation occur in ironmaking, research in this area is emphasized. Research on controlling the cohesive zone in the blast
furnace, improving the final stages of reduction in direct reduction processes, the use of biomass, and other innovative processes
for ironmaking are reviewed. In oxygen steelmaking, improved postcombustion (PC) to allow for more scrap melting is examined.
Postcombustion and slag foaming in the electric arc furnace (EAF) in order to reduce energy is reviewed.
R.J. Fruehan is currently the U. S. Steel University Professor at Carnegie Mellon University. He received his B.S. and Ph.D.
degrees from the University of Pennsylvania and was an NSF Scholar at Imperial College, University of London. Dr. Fruehan
organized the Center for Iron and Steelmaking Research, and is currently the Co-Director. He was Director of the Sloan Steel
Industry Study, which examines the critical issues impacting a company’s competitiveness and involves numerous faculty at
several universities from 1992 to 2002. Dr. Fruehan has authored over 250 papers, two books on steelmaking technologies, co-authored
a book on managing for competitiveness, and is the holder of six patents. He has received several awards, including the 1970
and 1982 Hunt Medal (AIME), the 1982 and 1991 John Chipman Medal (AIME), 1989 Mathewson Gold Medal (TMS-AIME), the 1993 Albert
Sauveur Award (ASM International), the 1976 Gilcrist Medal (Medals Society UK), the 1996 Howe Memorial Lecture (ISS of AIME),
the 1999 Benjamin Fairless Award (ISS of AIME), the Brimacombe Prize (ISS, TMS, CSM) (2000), the 2004 Bessemer Gold Medal
(Institute of Materials, Minerals & Mining (UK); an IR100 Award for the invention of the oxygen sensor and the TMS Science
Award (2008). He is a Distinguished Member of the Iron and Steel Society, an Honorary Member of AIME, an Honorary Member
of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan and served as President of the Iron and Steel Society of AIME from 1990 to 1991.
He was elected a Member of the National Academy of Engineers in 1999. 相似文献
10.
Herbert H. Kellogg 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1978,9(12):1695-1704
With the passage of time we must increasingly rely on material resources of lower grade, decreased accessibility and less
desirable type. Such raw materials require greater inputs of capital and energy, and greater environmental stress, per unit
of useful product, for mining and processing. Increasing energy prices and necessary costs for environmental protection will
compound the difficulty of satisfying our future materials needs. A strong materials-conservation ethic is proposed as a necessary
foundation for a stable future for materials. This will require some changes in life-style as well as development of appropriate
new technology. Returnablevs one-way beverage-container systems are discussed as an example of efficientvs inefficient use of materials, energy and the environment.
Herbert H. Kellogg, a native New Yorker, received his training in metal-lurgy at Columbia University (B.S. 1941, M.S. 1942).
From 1942 to 46 he was Assistant Professor of Mineral Preparation at the Pennsylvania State University. He joined the Columbia
University faculty in 1946 as Assistant Professor of Ex-tractive Metallurgy.
He was made Associate Professor in 1951 and Professor in 1956. In 1968 he was honored by appointment as Stanley-Thompson Professor
of Chemical Met-allurgy, a post that he still holds today. Professor Kellogg is the author of about seventy technical publications
re-lating to the chemistry of metallurgical processes and the economics and energy requirements for metal production. His
research interests currently involve the thermodynamic properties of molten mattes and slags, the modelling of metal production
processes and the search for new process concepts that promise reduc-tion in energy requirements and abatement of environmental
pollution. Over the years he has been active as a consultant to industry in areas of research planning, economic evaluation
of new processes and patent litigation. He is currently con-sultant to The International Nickel Co., the American Smelting
and Refining Co., and the Metallurgy Division of the U.S. Bureau of Mines. He served the U.S. Government, from 1954 to 57,
as Chairman of the Tita-nium Advisory Committee of the Executive Office of the President, in planning for the growth of the
titanium industry. He has been a member of many com-mittees of the National Academy of Sciences, the most recent being the
Com-mittee of Mineral Science and Technology (1966 to 69) and the Committee on Mineral Resources and the Environment (1972
to 75). Professor Kellogg has been active in the affairs of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum
Engineering since 1950 when he established and was the first Chairman of the Committee on Physical Chemistry of Extrac-tive
Metallurgy. He has since chaired numerous committees, was Chairman of the Extractive Metallurgy Division in 1958, and has
served two terms on the Board of Directors of the Metallurgical Society. His honors include the Best Paper Award of the Extractive
Metallurgy Divi-sion (AIME) in 1961, election to the grade of Fellow of the Metallurgical Society in 1972, and award of the
James Douglas Gold Medal for Distinguished Achieve-ment in Nonferrous Metallurgy by AIME in 1973. In 1978 he was elected to
membership in the National Academy of Engineers with the citation: “Strength-ening the scientific base of metallurgical processes,
and ability to unite theoretical studies with practical industrial needs.” In addition to membership in AIME, Professor Kellogg
is a member of Tau Beta Pi, Sigma Xi, and the American Chemical Society. He is a Fellow of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy
(London) and delivered the thirteenth Sir Julius Wernher Memorial Lecture at that Institution in April of 1977. 相似文献
11.
J. K. Brimacombe 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1999,30(8):1899-1912
As in any process, the laws of nature are at work in the continuous casting of metals. Heat spills down temperature gradients
under the watchful eye of Fourier, while molten metal moves in response to inertial and body forces governed by the Navier-Stokes
equations. Tensile strains develop in the solidifying shell subject to changing cooling conditions, the constitutive behavior
of the metal, compatibility, and the Prandtl-Reuss relations. Solutes segregate as thermodynamics compete with diffusion to
create a heterogeneous solid from a homogeneous liquid. The challenge to the process engineer is to harness these laws to
continuously cast a metal section that is free of cracks, has minimal macrosegregation, and has the desired shape. Confronted
with the demands of production, cost containment, and an educationally challenged workforce, the obstacles are very real.
One response to the challenge is to move knowledge to the shop floor, where wealth is created, through expert systems to educate
the workforce and through artificial intelligence to make the continuous casting process “smart.” Harnessing knowledge for
wealth creation, and profitability, is the real challenge.
The Edward DeMille Campbell Memorial Lecture was established in 1926 as an annual lecture in memory of and in recognition
of the outstanding scientific contributions to the metallurgical profession by a distinguished educator who was blind for
all but two years of his professional life. It recognizes demonstrated ability in metallurgical science and engineering.
Dr. J. Keith Brimacombe delivered the 1996 Edward DeMille Campbell Memorial Lecture at the ASM-TMS Meeting in Cincinnati,
OH. The written lecture was nearly complete at the time of his untimely passing on December 16, 1997 and has been finished
and submitted by his colleague, Professor I.V. Samarasekera.
On October 1, 1997, J. Keith Brimacombe was appointed the first President and Chief Executive Officer of the Canada Foundation
for Innovation. This enterprise, newly established by the Federal Government of Canada, was provided with one billion dollars
of funding with the objective of strengthening the nation’s research infrastructure in universities and hospitals. Sadly,
Dr. Brimacombe was able to serve only 3 months of his term and succumbed to a massive heart attack on December 16, 1997, at
the age of 54.
Dr. Brimacombe held the Alcan Chair in Materials Process Engineering, The Centre for Metallurgical Process Engineering at
the University of British Columbia, prior to his appointment with the Canada Foundation for Innovation. He was born in Nova
Scotia, raised in Alberta, and received his undergraduate education at UBC, obtaining a B.A.Sc. (Hons.) in 1966. With the
support of a Commonwealth Fellowship, he traveled to England and studied under one of the great metallurgical thermochemists
of this century, F.D. Richardson, F.R.S., at Imperial College of Science and Technology in the University of London, where
he received a Ph.D. in 1970. Subsequently, he was awarded the D.Sc. (Eng.) in 1986 by the University of London and an Honorary
Doctorate of Engineering degree in 1994 by the Colorado School of Mines. He returned to the University of British Columbia
in 1970 to establish courses and a research program in metallurgical process engineering. He remained at UBC, achieving the
rank of Professor in 1979, Stelco Professor of Process Metallurgy (a chair endowed by Stelco) in 1980, Stelco/NSERC Professor
(a chair endowed by Stelco and NSERC) in 1985, and the Alcan Chair in 1992. One of the finest metallurgical engineers on the
world stage in this century, Dr. Brimacombe pioneered the application of mathematical models and industrial and laboratory
measurements, to shed light on complex metallurgical processes spanning both the ferrous and nonferrous industries during
his 27 year career at the University of British Columbia. For his groundbreaking research, he earned the reputation of being
one of the most innovative intellectual giants in the field, for which he earned global recognition.
During his tenure at UBC, he built a large collaborative research group in metallurgical process engineering consisting of
about 70 faculty, graduate students, research engineers, and technicians. Much of the research was conducted in close collaboration
with Canadian companies such as Stelco, Hatch Associates, Algoma Steel, Western Canada Steel, Sidbec-Dosco, Ivaco, Cominco,
Noranda, Inco, Alcan, Domtar, Canadian Liquid Air, and Liquid Carbonic. The thrust of the research was the development and
improvement of metallurgical processes, such as continuous casting of steel, flash smelting of lead and copper converting,
rotary kilns, and micro-structural engineering of steel and aluminum, and DC casting processes. This body of work led to 300
publications and nine patents as well as two books. In 1985, in cooperation with faculty colleagues, he founded the Centre
for Metallurgical Process Engineering at UBC and was named its Director. The purpose of the Centre is to strengthen the interdisciplinary
approach to metallurgical process research and to broaden the field of application to materials other than metals. For this
body of research, he was awarded the B.C. Science and Engineering Gold Medal (1985) and the Ernest C. Manning Prize (1987)
and, before that, the E.W.R. Steacie Memorial Fellowship (1979) from NSERC. He also received the following awards: TMS-AIME
Charles Herty Award (1973 and 1987), AMS Marcus A. Grossmann Award (1976), TMS Extractive Metallurgy Science Award (1979,
1987, and 1989), ISS John Chipman Award (1979, 1985, and 1996), TMS Champion H. Mathewson Gold Medal (1980), ISS Robert Woolston
Hunt Silver Medal (1980, 1983, and 1993), ASM Henry Marion Howe Medal (1980 and 1985), TMS Extractive Metallurgy Technology
Award (1983 and 1991), the Williams Prize of the Metals Society (UK) (1983), the ISS Mechanical Working and Steel Processing
Conference Meritorious Award (1986 and 1996), the ASM Canadian Council Lectureship (1986), and the CIM Metallurgical Society
Alcan Award (1988). In 1981, he delivered the Arnold Markey Lecture to the Steel Bar Mill Association. In 1987, he was made
a Distinguished Member of the Iron and Steel Society and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. In 1988, he became a Fellow
of the CIM and, in 1989, he delivered the TMS Extractive Metallurgy Lecture while being awarded Fellowship in TMS. Also in
1989, he was awarded the Izaak Walton Killam Prize for Engineering by the Canada Council, joined the Board of Directors of
Sherritt Gordon Ltd., received the Bell Canada Corporate-Higher Education Award and was appointed an Officer of the Order
of Canada. In 1990, he received the Meritorious Achievement Award of the Association of Professional Engineers of British
Columbia and a UBC Killam Research Prize. In 1992, he was honored with the Commemorative Medal for the 125th Anniversary of
Canadian Confederation and, in 1993, delivered the Howe Memorial Lecture of the Iron and Steel Society and became Fellow of
the Canadian Academy of Engineering. In 1994, he presented the D.K.C. MacDonald Memorial Lecture; and in 1995, he was the
Inland Steel Lecturer at Northwestern University and received the Ablett Prize of the Institute of Materials. In 1996, he
delivered the ASM Edward DeMille Campbell Memorial Lecture and, in 1997, received the AIME Distinguished Service, and he was
elected a Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Engineering. In June 1997, he received Canada’s highest scientific
honor, the Canada Gold Medal in Science and Engineering from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
In 1998, Dr. Brimacombe was posthumously awarded the Benjamin Fairless Award by the AIME and the Inco Medal by the CIM at
their centennlal celebration.
Beyond the quest to generate knowledge and train young people, he was driven by the desire to see the fruits of his research
implemented in industry. Not satisfied that publications in peer-reviewed journals are an effective means of reaching out
to the shop floor, where knowledge implementation creates wealth, he worked tirelessly at the University-Industry interface
to make the transfer of knowledge to industry a reality. A gifted speaker, he was renowned for his ability to translate complex
research results to changes that are required to the process for improved quality and/or productivity. Thus, he was sought
after by the global metallurgical industry and presented over 50 courses in companies in every continent. A course on continuous
casting of steel offered annually in Vancouver, under his directorship, attracted participants from around the world. He seized
the opportunities provided by the revolution in computer technology to help further the transfer of knowledge, and since the
early 1980s drove the development of user-friendly mathematical models as a means of transferring research results to industry.
Brimacombe was also instrumental in developing “smart” systems for the transfer of knowledge and spearheaded the development
of an expert system for diagnosing defects in steel billets, which is being marketed commercially. A recent project involving
Canadian companies is the development of a “Smart Process,” in which knowledge is made to work in the process through the
use of an on-line expert system and sensors.
He gave unreservedly of his time to professional societies, which are a vehicle for knowledge transfer and professional development
of materials engineers. He was the only professional who was President of the three major societies serving materials engineers
in North America: TMS-CIM in Canada in 1985, TMS-AIME in 1993, and ISS-AIME in 1995. His enthusiasm for professional societies
was infectious and has led to the initiation of a very dynamic student chapter at UBC.
He served on the Killam Research Fellowships Committee of the Canada Council from 1982 to 1985, where he initiated the Killam
Prize in Engineering and worked on other committees of the Canadian Council of Professional Engineers, the Science Council
of British Columbia, and the Canadian Steel Industry Research Association. He served on the Boards of the ISS and TMS in the
United States. He served on numerous committees in these societies, including Joint Commission and Board of Review of Metallurgical
Transactions, Book Publishing Committee, Awards Committee, Extractive Metallurgy Sub-committee, Nominating Committee, and
Long Range Planning Committee. In 1989, he assumed responsibilities as Founding Chairman of the TMS Extraction and Processing
Division, in 1993–4 was TMS President, and in 1994–5 was Founding President of the TMS Foundation. In 1990, he was named as
an Eminent Scientist to the Board of Directors of the Ontario Centre for Materials Research. In 1995, he was Chairman of the
Science Policy Committee of the Royal Society of Canada and was a member of the National Materials Advisory Board (united
States). In 1996, he was elected Vice President of the Academy of Science of the Royal Society of Canada and was appointed
to the Board of the United Engineering Trust. He served on the Board of Trustees of the AIME since 1993; had he lived, he
would have become President of the AIME in 1999. 相似文献
12.
The challenge of quality in continuous casting processes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
J. K. Brimacombe 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》1999,30(4):553-566
As in any process, the laws of nature are at work in the continuous casting of metals. Heat spills down temperature gradients
under the watchful eye of Fourier, while molten metal moves in response to inertial and body forces governed by the Navier-Stokes
equations. Tensile strains develop in the solidifying shell subject to changing cooling conditions, the constitutive behavior
of the metal, compatibility, and the Prandtl-Reuss relations. Solutes segregate as thermodynamics compete with diffusion to
create a heterogeneous solid from a homogeneous liquid. The challenge to the process engineer is to harness these laws to
continuously cast a metal section that is free of cracks, has minimal macrosegregation, and has the desired shape. Confronted
with the demands of production, cost containment, and an educationally challenged workforce, the obstacles are very real.
One response to the challenge is to move knowledge to the shop floor, where wealth is created, through expert systems to educate
the workforce and through artificial intelligence to make the continuous casting process “smart.” Harnessing knowledge for
wealth creation, and profitability, is the real challenge.
The Edward DeMille Campbell Memorial Lecture was established in 1926 as an annual lecture in memory of and in recognition
of the outstanding scientific contributions to the metallurgical profession by a distinguished educator who was blind for
all but two years of his professional life. It recognizes demonstrated ability in metallurgical science and engineering.
Dr. J. Keith Brimacombe delivered the 1996 Edward DeMille Campbell Memorial Lecture at the ASM-TMS Meeting in Cincinnati,
OH. The written lecture was nearly complete at the time of his untimely passing on December 16, 1997 and has been finished
and submitted by his colleague, Professor I.V. Samarasekera.
On October 1, 1997, J. Keith Brimacombe was appointed the first President and Chief Executive Officer of the Canada Foundation
for Innovation. This enterprise, newly established by the Federal Government of Canada, was provided with one billion dollars
of funding with the objective of strengthening the nation’s research infrastructure in universities and hospitals. Sadly,
Dr. Brimacombe was able to serve only 3 months of his term and succumbed to a massive heart attack on December 16, 1997, at
the age of 54.
Dr. Brimacombe held the Alcan Chair in Materials Process Engineering, The Centre for Metallurgical Process Engineering at
the University of British Columbia, prior to his appointment with the Canada Foundation for Innovation. He was born in Nova
Scotia, raised in Alberta, and received his undergraduate education at UBC, obtaining a B.A.Sc. (Hons.) in 1966. With the
support of a Commonwealth Fellowship, he traveled to England and studied under one of the great metallurgical thermochemists
of this century, F.D. Richardson, F.R.S., at Imperial College of Science and Technology in the University of London, where
he received a Ph.D. in 1970. Subsequently, he was awarded the D.Sc. (Eng.) in 1986 by the University of London and an Honorary
Doctorate of Engineering degree in 1994 by the Colorado School of Mines. He returned to the University of British Columbia
in 1970 to establish courses and a research program in metallurgical process engineering. He remained at UBC, achieving the
rank of Professor in 1979, Stelco Professor of Process Metallurgy (a chair endowed by Stelco) in 1980, Stelco/NSERC Professor
(a chair endowed by Stelco and NSERC) in 1985, and the Alcan Chair in 1992. One of the finest metallurgical engineers on the
world stage in this century, Dr. Brimacombe pioneered the application of mathematical models and industrial and laboratory
measurements, to shed light on complex metallurgical processes spanning both the ferrous and nonferrous industries during
his 27 year career at the University of British Columbia. For his groundbreaking research, he earned the reputation of being
one of the most innovative intellectual grants in the field, for which he earned global recognition.
During his tenure at UBC, he built a large collaborative research group in metallurgical process engineering consisting of
about 70 faculty, graduate students, research engineers, and technicians. Much of the research was conducted in close collaboration
with Canadian companies such as Stelco, Hatch Associates, Algoma Steel, Western Canada Steel, Sidbec-Dosco, Ivaco, Cominco.
Noranda, Inco, Alcan, Domtar, Canadian Liquid Air, and Liquid Carbonic. The thrust of the research was the development and
improvement of metallurgical processes, such as continuous casting of steel, flash smelting of lead and copper converting,
rotary kilns, and microstructural engineering of steel and aluminum, and DC casting processes. This body of work led to 300
publications and nine patents as well as two books. In 1985, in cooperation with faculty colleagues, he founded the Centre
for Metallurgical Process Engineering at UBC and was named its Director. The purpose of the Centre is to strengthen the interdisciplinary
approach to metallurgical process research and to broaden the field of application to materials other than metals. For this
body of research, he was awarded the B.C. Science and Engineering Gold Medal (1985) and the Ernest C. Manning Prize (1987)
and, before that, the E.W.R. Steacie Memorial Fellowship (1979) from NSERC. He also received the following awards: TMS-AIME
Charles Herty Award (1973 and 1987). AMS Marcus A. Grossmann Award (1976), TMS Extractive Metallurgy Science Award (1979,
1987, and 1989), ISS John Chipman Award (1979, 1985, and 1996), TMS Champion H. Mathewson Gold Medal (1980), ISS Robert Woolston
Hunt Silver Medal (1980, 1983, and 1993), ASM Henry Marion Howe Medal (1980 and 1985), TMS Extractive Metallurgy Technology
Award (1983 and 1991), the Williams Prize of the Metals Society (UK) (1983), the ISS Mechanical Working and Steel Processing
Conference Meritorious Award (1986 and 1996), the ASM Canadian Council Lectureship (1986), and the CIM Metallurgical Society
Alcan Award (1988). In 1981, he delivered the Arnold Markey Lecture to the Steel Bar Mill Association. In 1987, he was made
a Distinguished Member of the Iron and Steel Society and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. In 1988, he became a Fellow
of the CIM and, in 1989, he delivered the TMS Extractive Metallurgy Lecture while being awarded Fellowship in TMS. Also in
1989, he was awarded the Izaak Walton Killam Prize for Engineering by the Canada Council, joined the Board of Directors of
Sherritt Gordon Ltd., received the Bell Canada Corporate Higher Education Award and was appointed an Officer of the Order
of Canada. In 1990, he received the Meritorious Achievement Award of the Association of Professional Engineers of British
Columbia and a UBC Killam Research Prize. In 1992, he was honored with the Commemorative Medal for the 125th Anniversary of
Canadian Confederation and, in 1993, delivered the Howe Memorial Lecture of the Iron and Steel Society and became Fellow of
the Canadian Academy of Engineering. In 1994, he presented the D.K.C. MacDonald Memorial Lecture; and in 1995, he was the
Inland Steel Lecturer at Northwestern University and received the Ablett Prize of the Institute of Materials. In 1996, he
delivered the ASM Edward DeMille Campbell Memorial Lecture and, in 1997, received the AIME Distinguished Service, and he was
elected a Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Engineering. In June 1997, he received Canada’s highest scientific
honor, the Canada Gold Medal in Science and Engineering from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
In 1998, Dr. Brimacombe was posthumously awarded the Benjamin Fairless Award by the AIME and the Inco Medal by the CIM at
their centennial celebration.
Beyond the quest to generate knowledge and train young people, he was driven by the desire to see the fruits of his research
implemented in industry. Not satisfied that publications in peer-reviewed journals are an effective means of reaching out
to the shop floor, where knowledge implementation creates wealth, he worked tirelessly at the University-Industry interface
to make the transfer of knowledge to industry a reality. A gifted speaker, he was renowned for his ability to translate complex
research results to changes that are required to the process for improved quality and or productivity. Thus, he was sought
after by the global metallurgical industry and presented over 50 courses in companies in every continent. A course on continuous
casting of steel offered annually in Vancouver, under his directorship, attracted participants from around the world. He seized
the opportunities provided by the revolution in computer technology to help further the transfer of knowledge, and since the
early 1980s drove the development of user-friendly mathematical models as a means of transferring research results to industry.
Brimacombe was also instrumental in developing “smart” systems for the transfer of knowledge and spearheaded the development
of an expert system for diagnosing defects in steel billets, which is being marketed commercially. A recent project involving
Canadian companies is the development of a “Smart Process,” in which knowledge is made to work in the process through the
use of an on-line expert system and sensors.
He gave unreservedly of his time to professional societies, which are a vehicle for knowledge transfer and professional development
of materials engineers. He was the only professional who was President of the three major societies serving materials engineers
in North America: TMS-CIM in Canada in 1985, TMS-AIME in 1993, and ISS-AIME in 1995. His enthusiasm for professional societies
was infectious and has led to the initiation of a very dynamic student chapter at UBC.
He served on the Killam Research Fellowships Committee of the Canada Council from 1982 to 1985, where he initiated the Killam
Prize in Engineering and worked on other committees of the Canadian Council of Professional Engineers, the Science Council
of British Columbia, and the Canadian Steel Industry Research Association. He served on the Boards of the ISS and TMS in the
United States. He served on numerous committees in these societies, including Joint Commission and Board of Review of Metallurgical
Transactions, Book Publishing Committee, Awards Committee, Extractive Metallurgy Sub-committee, Nominating Committee, and
Long Range Planning Committee. In 1989, he assumed responsibilities as Founding Chairman of the TMS Extraction and Processing
Division, in 1993–4 was TMS President, and in 1994–5 was Founding President of the TMS Foundation. In 1990, he was named as
an Eminent Scientist to the Board of Directors of the Ontario Centre for Materials Research. In 1995, he was Chairman of the
Science Policy Committee of the Royal Society of Canada and was a member of the National Materials Advisory Board (United
States). In 1996, he was elected Vice President of the Academy of Science of the Royal Society of Canada and was appointed
to the Board of the United Engineering Trust. He served on the Board of Trustees of the AIME since 1993; had he lived, he
would have become President of the AIME in 1999. 相似文献
13.
Arden L. Bement 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》1987,18(1):5-17
The field of materials science and engineering is advancing at a revolutionary pace. It is now generally recognized as being
among the key emerging technological fields propelling our world societies into the twenty-first century. The driving forces
for this revolutionary pace are at once social, economic, political, and technological. For example, relatively recent changes
in United States federal policies in environmental control, hazardous waste management, and energy conservation along with
heightened international trade competition have resulted in major changes in material processing and use patterns. These changing
patterns are creating new requirements for material developments, substitutions, and associated processes. This paper traces
the emergence of materials policy and technological developments through four sub-periods of history: the birth and development
of engineering in the United States (1825–1900), the evolution of a national research infrastructure (1900–1945), the evolution
of a national science policy (1945–1973), and the intensification of global interdependency (1973-present). Future trends
in materials developments and future policy requirements are outlined.
Technical Resources, of TRW, Inc., began his professional career in 1954 as a research metallurgist and reactor project engineer
with General Electric Co. at the Hanford Atomic Products Operation in Richland, WA. In 1965 he joined Battelle Memorial Institute
as a manager of the metallurgy research department and three years later became manager of the fuels and materials department.
In 1970 Dr. Bement joined the faculty of Massachusetts Institute of Technology as professor of nuclear materials. From 1974
to 1976 he served as a member of the U.S.-U.S.S.R. Bilateral Exchange Program in Magnetohydrodynamics and was the organizer
and principal investigator of the M.I.T. Fusion Technology Program. In 1976 Dr. Bement became Director of the Materials Sciences
Office of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and in 1979 was appointed Deputy Under-Secretary of Defense for Research
and Engineering. Dr. Bement has co-authored one book, edited three books, and authored over 90 articles on materials science,
energy, and defense technology. He is a Fellow of the American Nuclear Society, the American Society for Metals, and the American
Institute of Chemists. In addition, he is a member of the American Institute for Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers,
and the American Society for Testing and Materials. He has received outstanding achievement awards from the Colorado Engineering
Council in 1954, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency in 1977, and the Colorado School of Mines in 1984. In 1980
he was awarded the Distinguished Civilian Service Medal by the Secretary of Defense. He is a member of the National Academy
of Engineering. Dr. Bement is chairman of the National Materials Advisory Board and a member of the Board of Army Science
and Technology, the Board on Engineering Sciences, the Board on Assessment of National Bureau of Standards Programs, and the
Board on Science and Technology for International Development of the National Research Council. Dr. Bement received an Engineer
of Metallurgy (E. Met.) degree in 1954 from the Colorado School of Mines. He received an M.S. in Metallurgical Engineering
from the University of Idaho in 1959, and a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan in 1963. He is a Lt. Colonel (ret.) in the
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Dr. Bement and his family reside in Mayfield Village, OH. 相似文献
14.
Thomas L. Christiansen Marcel A.J. Somers 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2009,40(8):1791-1798
Low-temperature gaseous carburizing of stainless steel is associated with a colossal supersaturation of the fcc lattice with
carbon, without the development of carbides. This article addresses the simultaneous determination of stress and composition
profiles in layers of carbon expanded austenite obtained by low-temperature gaseous carburizing of AISI 316. X-ray diffraction
was applied for the determination of lattice spacing depth profiles by destructive depth profiling and reconstruction of the
original lattice spacing profiles from the measured, diffracted intensity weighted, values. The compressive stress depth distributions
correlate with the depth distribution of the strain-free lattice parameter, the latter being a measure for the depth distribution
of carbon in expanded austenite. Elastically accommodated compressive stress values as high as −2.7 GPa were obtained, which
exceeds the uniaxial tensile yield strength by an order of magnitude.
This article is partly based on a presentation given at the “International Conference on Surface Hardening of Stainless Steels,”
which occurred October 22–23, 2007 during the ASM Heat Treating Society Meeting in Cleveland, OH under the auspices of the
ASM Heat Treating Society and TMS.
相似文献
Marcel A.J. Somers (Professor of Physical Metallurgy and Leader of Division of Materials Science and Engineering)Email: |
15.
16.
Void formation during tensile testing of dual phase steels 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
D. L. Steinbrunner D. K. Matlock G. Krauss 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1988,19(3):579-589
The effects of martensite volume fraction (MVF) and strain state on necking behavior, post-uniform elongation, and the nucleation
and growth of voids in thin sheet dual phase steel, strained in tension, were investigated. Steel containing, in weight percent,
0.08C, 1.45Mn, and 0.21Si, was cold rolled 50 pct and intercritically annealed to produce dual phase microstructures. The
effects of MVF were evaluated with a series of constant geometry tensile samples with martensite volume fractions between
5 and 40 pct. The effects of strain state within the neck were evaluated with a series of constant thickness samples with
20 pct MVF and with width variations between 3 and 25 mm. A transition from diffuse to localized necking, as well as a decrease
in post-uniform elongation, occurred with both an increase in MVF and sample width. Metallographic analysis of deformed samples
revealed that the void nucleation occurs primarily at martensite particles by three distinct mechanisms. The void size and
density in the necked region increased toward the fracture surface in all samples and the void density was significantly higher
for the samples which exhibited localized necking. However, independent of neck geometry, voids were nucleated uniformly throughout
the samples, and were associated with the martensite. The difference in void size and density between the samples with different
necking behavior indicates that void growth is a consequence of the strain gradient while the shape of the voids depends on
both the strain state and strain gradient. The implications of the void structure analysis are interpreted based on the dual
phase microstructure.
Formerly Graduate Research Assistant, Colorado School of Mines. 相似文献
17.
R. Liu N. Narita C. Altstetter H. Birnbaum E. N. Pugh 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1980,11(9):1563-1574
Orientation studies have been made on several different austenitic stainless steels, using photogrammetric and electron channeling
techniques. The fracture facets produced by SCC in boiling aqueous MgCl2 (155 °C) were large and relatively flat in the case of type 310 steels, and the fracture plane was found to be at or near
{100}. The transgranular stress-corrosion fractures in type 304 steels were more complex, and there was considerably more
scatter in the orientation determinations. However, the orientations of the fracture facets in these steels were clearly not
{100}, but fell into two distributions, one near {211} and the other near {110}. Electron diffraction studies from the fracture
surfaces indicated the presence of α′ and martensites in the type 304 but not in the type 310 cases; the possibility that
this was responsible for the differences in fracture planes is discussed. Studies were also made of a type 304 specimen which
had failed by SCC at 289 °C. No martensitic phases were detected at the fracture surfaces in this case, and the fracture facets
were large and flat, similar to those for type 310. Cleavage-like fracture surfaces were also produced in type 304 steels
by hydrogen embrittlement, using both gaseous hydrogen and cathodic charging, but the facets were too small for precise orientation
determination.
Formerly with the Department of Metallurgy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Formerly with the Department of Metallurgy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Formerly Professor of Metallurgy, University of Illinois. 相似文献
18.
D. A. Korzekwa D. K. Matlock G. Krauss 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》1984,15(6):1221-1228
Dislocation structures in the ferrite of a C-Mn-Si dual-phase steel intercritically annealed at 810°C were characterized at
various tensile strains by transmission electron microscopy At strains which corresponded to the second stage on a Jaoul-Crussard
plot of strain hardening behavior, the dislocation density in the ferrite is inhomogeneous, with a higher density near the
martensite. The third stage on a Jaoul-Crussard plot corresponds to the presence of a well-developed dislocation cell structure
in the ferrite. The average cell size during this stage is smaller than the minimum size reported for deformed iron, and the
cell size was inhomogeneous, with a smaller cell size near the martensite.
Formerly Research Assistant at the Colorado School of Mines 相似文献
19.
Steels containing 0.2 pet C and 0 to 12 pct Cr have been tempered for different times or recrystallized at 700°C and subsequently
tensile tested at 100°C temperature intervals in the range 0° to 700°C. At all temperatures, the strength of the as-tempered
steels depends primarily on the dislocation structure inherited from the martensite transformation and work softening observed
during deformation at 600° and 700° is attributable to recovery of this structure. Strain enhanced precipitation of M3C is observed after deformation at 200° to 600°C in all the steels, independent of the nature of the carbide present after
tempering. Serrated yielding occurs at temperatures increasing from 200° to 400°C with increasing chromium content and is
associated with an increase in strength and strain-hardening rate in all cases. It is concluded that dynamic strain-aging
results from dislocation locking by chromium-interstitial complexes in the alloy steels.
T. Mukherjee, formerly Research Student, Department of Metallurgy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield England.
This paper is based upon a thesis submitted by T. Mukherjee in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor
of Philosophy at the University of Sheffield. 相似文献
20.
Alexander McLean 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2006,37(3):319-332
In our efforts to characterize and improve the performance of an existing steelmaking process or in our quest to generate
useful knowledge as a basis for the development of new manufacturing routes, measurements and models should be considered
as two interdependent requirements. Without measurements, our models are incomplete and unsatisfactory. Without models, we
fail to realize, or perhaps even comprehend, the potential significance of our measurements. Sometimes in our enthusiasm,
we construct sophisticated elegant models and forget the reality of the actual manufacturing process. In this computer age,
we need to remember again the importance of observations and accurate measurements. In addition, as engineers and applied
scientists, we have an obligation and a responsibility to facilitate the transfer of new knowledge into the realm of operating
practice. During this process of generation, evaluation, and communication of new knowledge, the knowledge exchange step is
perhaps the most difficult. In this context, the preeminent aim of collaborative activities between our educational institutions,
industrial organizations, government funding agencies, and professional societies is to ensure the availability of high-quality
people who not only understand the fundamental aspects and practical implications of their discipline, but also are fully
equipped with the essential skills of communication that will enable them to participate throughout their career in this most
challenging and satisfying activity, the science and technology of steelmaking.
The Brimacombe Memorial Lectureship was established in 1999 by the Process Technology Division of the Iron & Steel Society
to honor Dr. J. Keith Brimacombe’s outstanding accomplishments in the area of process metallurgy, his dedication to the steel
industry, and his profound effect on people in the industry; and also to acquaint members, students, and engineers with the
many exciting opportunities that exist in the area of process metallurgy and to inspire them to pursue careers in this field.
Professor McLean obtained his degrees in Applied Chemistry and Metallurgy from the University of Glasgow and the Royal College
of Science and Technology, now the University of Strathcylde. After 5 years with the Metallurgy and Materials Science Department
at McMaster University in the mid-1960s, he moved to the Graham Research Laboratory of Jones and Laughlin Steel Corporation
in Pittsburgh. He returned to Canada in 1970 and joined the Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science at the University
of Toronto where he served as the American Iron and Steel Institute Distinguished Professor from 1982 through 1986 and as
Department Chair from 1992 through 1997. He is an Adjunct Professor at Chiba Institute of Technology in Japan and holds the
position of Invited Professor at Kyoto University. In 1985, he served as President of the Iron and Steel Society of AIME and
in 1988 delivered the 65th Henry Marion Howe Memorial Lecture. He is an Honorary Member of AIME, the Iron & Steel Institute
of Japan, and the Hungarian Mining & Metallurgical Society. He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and also several
professional associations. He has received Honorary Doctorates from the University of Miskolc in Hungary and the University
of Strathclyde in Scotland as well as awards from technical societies in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and
Japan for contributions to the science and technology of steel processing and for activities pertaining to metallurgical education.
He has authored or co-authored about 300 publications and has served as a consultant to companies in North America and Europe
and as a board member of several industrial organizations. He was appointed Professor Emeritus at the University of Toronto
in 2002. 相似文献