Nondestructive Measurement of Peel Gloss and Roughness to Determine Tomato Fruit Ripening and Chilling Injury

Mature-green tomatoes showed a gradual decrease in peel gloss during ripening at 20°C. Gloss correlated well with parameters such as a* values and °Brix and could possibly serve as criteria for ripeness. When stored at 2°C for 7, 14 or 21 days and then allowed to ripen at 20°C, fluctuations in gloss during ripening were observed. Peel roughness increased as a result of chilling, but did not appear to be related to time elapsed at the chilling temperature and no changes were observed on subsequent ripening. Pink tomatoes showed fluctuations in gloss similar to mature-green fruit. Chilling had no influence on roughness of pink tomatoes.     

一种新型水性聚氨酯光油的制备及其性能探讨

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、聚醚二元醇、蓖麻油及氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷为原料,合成了一种新型脂肪族水性聚氨酯光油。探讨了胶膜光泽度与亲水基团及蓖麻油含量的关系,同时研究了氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷的加入对材料的机械性能和耐水性产生的影响。研究结果表明:随着亲水基团及不饱和双键含量的升高,胶膜的光泽度增加;随着氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷含量的增加,材料的抗拉强度和耐水性能升高,而断裂伸长率降低。     

高光泽箱纸板加工的探讨

介绍了箱纸板加工整饰方法及影响高光泽度的要素,展望了高光泽度箱纸板的前景.     

纳米填料对高光彩喷墨纸涂层材料性能的影响

分别以二氧化硅、三种自组装改性二氧化硅、碳酸钙和高岭土为填料制备高光彩喷墨纸涂层材料，研究了填料对高光彩喷墨纸高光表层涂层材料分辨率和光泽度的影响；另外，还研究了不同粒径的自组装改性纳米二氧化硅对光泽度和墨迹干燥时间的影响。发现通过合适的阳离子聚合物自组装改性且粒径约为80nm的二氧化硅，是一种良好的高光彩喷墨纸涂层填料，对应的涂层具有良好的光泽度和较快的墨迹干燥速度。     

提高涂布纸印刷光泽度的措施

介绍影响印刷光泽度的主要因素和提高涂布纸印刷光泽度的几种措施。     

Gloss Evaluation of Curved-surface Fruits and Vegetables

Gloss measurements are used to evaluate the quality and appearance of a product, especially in cases where esthetic appearance is of importance. Most commercial glossmeters are designed for measuring products of flat surface and therefore are not suitable for food products because of their uneven, curved surface. A new generation of commercial glossmeters is recently available for confined areas, curved surfaces, and surfaces that are not uniform. This article provides a brief review of gloss measurement principles and methods for fresh fruits and vegetables. It reports on the gloss measurement of apples and other fresh products using a commercial glossmeter and a specially designed spectrometer-based gloss measurement prototype integrated with imaging and automatic sample positioning capabilities. Results showed that the prototype had a nonlinear relationship with standard gloss measurements. With the new setup, the gloss of apples was measured with the repeatability for 90% of the measurements being better than 16%, calculated as the ratio of the difference between maximum and minimum gloss values to the mean value in percent. Further research is needed to simplify the imaging/mechanical configuration and improve the coordinate calculation algorithm to achieve more accurate, repeatable gloss measurements.     

涂布对高光泽喷墨打印纸性能的影响

讨论了涂布生产工艺、涂布量等对光泽度和油墨吸收性的影响,对成纸的性能做了检测,找到最佳的涂布方式,得到好的打印效果。     

扬克缸压辊胶面损坏原因探析

利用压区压印试验介绍了高温下扬克缸光泽压光辊覆面易损原因,并探索了解决问题的最佳方案。     

改善无光泽涂布纸印刷光泽度和油墨耐摩擦性的研究

在无光泽涂布纸涂料中用滑石粉代替部分高岭土和GCC,无光泽涂布纸的透气度、光泽度、油墨湿排斥、油墨干燥性下降,但是表面强度、印刷对比度和油墨耐摩擦性得到明显提高。粒度较小的滑石粉导致更佳的平滑度、光泽度、透气度、油墨干燥性以及耐摩擦性,但也导致更低的表面强度和印刷对比度。使用涂布滑石粉能较好地解决无光泽涂布纸生产过程中为降低光泽度而大量使用微细GCC却导致印刷对比度和油墨耐摩擦性过低的问题。     

影响猪皮绒面革丝光感的工艺分析

从猪皮组织结构特点出发，对影响猪皮绒面革丝光感的因素进行了简要分析。     

浅析织物表面摩擦性能的研究方法

文章从织物粗糙度的角度来反应织物表面摩擦性能,介绍了与此相关的直接测试方法KES-FB的基本原理和改进方法,以及间接测试方法图像法和激光测试法。     

石蜡/腰果酚醛树脂乳液的表面施胶性能

采用转相法制备了系列阴离子型石蜡/腰果酚醛树脂乳液,并考察了其与氧化淀粉共混液的表面施胶性能。结果表明,在该研究的乳化条件下,m(石蜡)∶m(石蜡/腰果酚醛树脂)=8∶2～6∶4的混合物能形成稳定的乳液,其胶粒粒径为400～630 nm;氧化淀粉与石蜡/腰果酚醛树脂乳液共混液的表面施胶大幅提高了箱板纸的疏水性和环压强度,乳液中腰果酚醛树脂的质量分数越大,乳液的表面施胶作用效果越大,但共混液提高纸页拉伸强度的作用效果不及氧化淀粉。     

刷光整饰对涂布纸和纸板性能的影响

刷光整饰可以改变涂布纸和纸板的外观和物理性能,明显提高表面光泽度,不增加紧度,有利于低定量纸的不透明度和纸板的挺度。     

颜料性能对涂布纸宏观、微观光泽度及光泽度均一性的影响

光泽度是造纸工作者非常关注的问题之一,因为它对涂布纸视觉效果和印刷性能具有很强的影响.对于高质量涂布纸来说,除要求较高的平均光泽度外,光泽度的均匀性也是至关重要的.在实际应用中,通常采用强压光的方式获取较高的纸页光泽度.但这除导致松厚度下降外,还会使涂布纸光泽度的变化显著增加.这是因为光泽度不单单和平均平滑度有关,它还受涂布纸表面微细结构或局部形态的影响.本研究采用一种新开发的微观光泽度仪,研究涂料的不同性能包括颜料类型、粒子大小、尺寸分布及压光条件等对纸页宏观、微观光泽度的影响.根据实验结果界定并确认了控制光泽度及光泽度均匀性的表面结构参数.     

Surface Gloss Evaluation of Apples Based on Computer Vision and Support Vector Machine Method

This paper investigates computer vision applications for surface gloss evaluation to determine a quick surface gloss evaluation method for apples. “Red Fuji” apples were wax-coated with different concentrations of shellac solutions to obtain the apple samples with different levels of surface gloss. The surface gloss values and the color scales of the apple samples were detected using a pinhole gloss meter and a color meter. The apple sample images were captured and processed, and the color parameters of the high light areas were extracted. Support vector machine (SVM) regression and classification models were built to predict the surface gloss values and the surface gloss levels of apples, respectively. The results showed that to predict the surface gloss of apple samples, the correlation coefficients of the SVM regression model were 0.94 and 0.90 for the training and the testing groups, respectively. The classification accuracy rates of the SVM classification model for the training and the testing groups were 100 and 96.7%, respectively. Finally, apple surface gloss level classification software was developed, which showed good operating results for both classification accuracy rates and calculation speed. This paper provided a new surface gloss evaluation method based on computer vision for apples.     

高光泽彩色喷墨打印纸中纸和油墨的相互关系及保存性能探讨

本文研究了高光泽彩色喷墨打印纸和油墨的物理作用和化学作用,以及它们对打印性能及保存性能的影响,并提出提高打印图像抗光性、抗水性的方法.     

进口商品浆的纤维形态与使用（续）

８芬兰、智利等国漂白针叶木及阔叶木硫酸盐浆的原料和纤维形态表１２芬兰、智利等国纸浆纤维原料纸浆品牌原料名称中文名英文名学名芬兰千湖红松ＲｅｄＰｉｎｅＰｉｎｕｓＲｅｓｉｎｏｓａ樟子松ＳｃｏｔｓＰｉｎｅＰｉｎｕｓＳｙｌｖｅｓｔｒｉｓ芬兰ＦＩＮＮＣＥＩ桦木...     

聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺浆粕形态结构与抄造性能

聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺(PPTA)浆粕对PPTA纸的成形起着重要的作用,但是浆粕形态复杂难以表征。本文通过比表面积、扫描电镜(SEM)和长径比等测试方法研究了PPTA浆粕的形态结构,用打浆度和动态滤水性的测定来表征PPTA浆粕的滤水性能,并分析了各浆粕的抄纸性能。     

木材表面粗糙度测量技术

本文从国内外木材表面粗糙度研究内容、研究方向、测量方法和手段等方面综述了木材表面粗糙度研究现状与最新成果,并对木材表面粗糙度研究的未来发展方向提出了一些建议。     

纤维的表面性能及表面分析技术

阐述了纤维表面性能的重要性,并主要介绍了扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(CLSM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、二次离子质谱(SIMS)等现代表面分析技术及其在制浆造纸研究中的应用.