钴酸锰/泡沫镍复合电极材料的制备及其电化学性能研究

利用两步法成功制备出两种MnCo_2O_4纳米等级结构材料,研究了其电化学性能。结果证实得到的纳米片为MnCo_2O_4纳米等级结构,并均匀生长在泡沫镍基底上,电化学性质测试表明,这种纳米片/泡沫镍复合电极表现出优异的电化学性质。这种优异的性质与介孔的Mn Co2O4纳米片这一新颖的结构有密切的关系,5 A/g时的比电容值高达475 F/g。MnCo_2O_4/泡沫镍复合材料是一种非常有潜力的超级电容电极材料,MnCo_2O_4纳米材料结构和形貌对超级电容器电极材料的电化学性质有较大的影响。     

CoFe类普鲁士蓝纳米立方的合成及超电容性能

利用化学共沉淀法,制备Co Fe类普鲁士蓝纳米立方(Co Fe PBA)超级电容器电极材料。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品进行物理表征;利用循环伏安法(CV)、恒电流充放电法以及交流阻抗法(EIS)对样品的电化学性能进行研究。结果表明:Co Fe PBA材料为具有面心立方结构的棱长约400 nm的立方颗粒,且表面光滑、颗粒均匀,在氯化钴和铁氰化钾摩尔比为2:1时,产物Co Fe PBA电化学性能最佳,于中性介质1 mol/L硫酸钠溶液中,在1 A/g电流密度下,比电容能达到444.4 F/g,电流密度增大至5 A/g时,比电容仍能保持在423.1 F/g,2000次充放电循环后,在1 A/g电流密度下比电容保持在439 F/g,容量衰减小于2%。     

仿生合成CoO/Co/C复合电极材料及其超级电容性能研究

以松木作为生物模板和碳源,以Co(NO_3)_2·6H_2O作为钴源,煅烧制备多孔CoO/Co/C复合电极材料。通过X-射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),N_2等温吸附-脱附(BET)对复合材料的结构和形貌进行表征。结果表明,复合电极材料遗传了木材模板的生物形貌特点和多级孔道结构,BET表面积为369.2 m~2/g。CoO/Co/C电极具有较好的电化学性能,在1 A/g电流密度下比电容达760 F/g,在电流密度5 A/g下循环充放电500次后,电容保持率为73.7%。     

锂离子电池混合正极材料LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/LiFePO4电化学性能研究

采用湿法球磨制备了锂离子电池用混合正极材料LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/LiFePO4。通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征了材料的结构和形貌,采用恒流充放电测试、循环伏安测试(CV)和电化学阻抗谱测试(EIS)方法研究了混合正极材料LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/LiFePO4的电化学性能。结果表明：混合正极材料LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/LiFePO4的晶体结构完好,碳包覆的纳米LiFePO4颗粒较好地包覆在LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2表面。含质量分数15% LiFePO4的混合正极材料LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/LiFePO4电化学性能优良,0.2C首次充放电比容量为181.40 mAh?g–1,首次充放电效率为90.79%;1.0C循环50次后放电比容量为169.89 mAh?g–1,容量保持率为97.80%;3.0C循环5次后的放电比容量为162.22 mAh?g–1,容量保持率仍有89.43%;60 ℃高温存储7 d后,容量保持率和容量恢复率分别为86.48%和97.32%。     

FeCo2S4/Ni(OH)2的合成及超电容性能研究

将多组分活性材料组合成新的结构用作电极材料是提高超级电容器性能的一种有效措施。采用典型的两步水热法与电沉积法制备了FeCo2S4/Ni(OH)2复合纳米材料,并表征其物理及电化学性能。结果表明,FeCo2S4纳米花被电沉积上的Ni(OH)2纳米片包围,形成三维互连网状结构,有利于电极材料与电解液的充分接触。所得的FeCo2S4/Ni(OH)2复合电极材料显示出极高的比电容(当电流密度为1 A·g^-1时,比电容达1588.2 F·g^-1)、优异的倍率性能及循环稳定性。此外,以FeCo2S4/Ni(OH)2为正极、活性炭为负极组装了非对称超级电容器。结果显示,非对称超级电容器具有高能量密度及良好的循环稳定性。     

NiO-CuO纳米材料的制备及其电化学性能

过渡金属氧化物因具有丰富的氧化还原位点、高的理论容量等特性,常被用作超级电容器的电极材料。但是,单金属氧化物的导电性普遍较差,极大限制了其电化学性能。选用泡沫镍为基底,采用静电纺丝法制备出NiO纳米纤维,并通过掺杂氧化铜制备NiO-CuO双金属氧化物电极材料。实验结果表明：在2 mol/L KOH溶液中,当电流密度为0.5 A·g^-1时,NiO电极的质量比电容为202.8 F·g^-1,5 000次循环充放电后电容保持率仅为30.28%。同等测试条件下,NiO-CuO电极的质量比电容高达410.4 F·g^-1,电容保持率为60.48%。因而,合理构建双金属氧化物作为电极材料,可充分发挥两种过渡金属的协同效应,大幅提高电极材料导电性和稳定性,进而提升电化学性能。     

以杏胡壳为前驱体制备超级电容器炭材料

以杏胡壳为原料,依次采用高温炭化和表面氧化改性的方法制备活性炭电极材料;采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征材料的形貌;室温下,在三电极电化学体系,以2 mol/L的KOH溶液作为电解液,通过循环伏安、恒流充放电、电化学交流阻抗和循环稳定测试分析炭电极材料的电化学性能。研究结果表明:经硝酸氧化改性后的杏胡壳活性炭的综合电化学性能得到了显著提高,在0.5 A/g电流密度下,杏胡壳活性炭质量比电容达到196 F/g。在2 A/g的电流密度下充放电循环2500次后,电容保持率达到99%,展现出优异的电化学性能。     

Co3O4@NC的制备及其电化学性能

过渡金属氧化物是一种超级电容器电极材料。采用共沉淀法制备了立方体Co类普鲁士蓝(Co-PBA)纳米材料,先将Co-PBA在氮气中进行退火,PBA衍生为掺氮的碳纳米盒,得到产物Co@NC,再在空气中250℃下退火,得到Co₃O₄@NC纳米复合材料。Co-PBA材料的微观结构为盒状并均匀分布,平均尺寸约为500 nm。在三电极体系下测试其电化学性能,循环伏安(CV)测试结果显示在不同电流密度下曲线具有相似的形状,拥有良好的对称性,说明该材料制备的电极在充放电时的可逆性较好。Co₃O₄@NC复合材料在电流密度1 A/g时的比电容为1 000.02 F/g,在电流密度5 A/g下充放电2 500次后电容保持率为97.29%,保持了良好的循环稳定性。实验结果表明,Co₃O₄@NC复合材料是一种很有前途的超级电容器电极材料。     

高性能碳纳米管复合Fe3O4锂离子电池负极材料研究

通过添加碳纳米管共沉淀的方法制备了Fe3O4-CNTs复合材料。研究发现,CNTs不仅可以降低复合材料作为锂离子电池负极的阻抗,而且对活性物质Fe3O4起到很好的支撑作用,极大地提高了Fe3O4在充放电过程中的电化学稳定性。在0.5 A/g的电流密度下Fe3O4-CNTs循环200圈后的放电比容量保持在1406 mAh/g。在10 A/g的大电流密度下循环,第100圈时Fe3O4-CNTs的放电比容量稳定在230 mAh/g左右。循环至第9999圈时,Fe3O4-CNTs的比容量下降至179 mAh/g,只损失了50 mAh/g,充放电效率高达99.98%。Fe3O4-CNTs复合材料在大电流密度超长循环的背景下表现出优异的性能,对负极材料的开发有重要的意义。     

聚苯胺纳米材料电容性能研究

以(NH4)2S2O8为氧化剂,在1 mol/L盐酸环境下化学氧化合成超级电容器用电极材料纳米聚苯胺(PANI)。在1 mol/L H2SO4溶液中考察了材料的电容性能。结果表明:在循环伏安图上出现三对氧化还原峰,分别对应聚苯胺在三种不同氧化状态间的转化以及PANI的降解。放电电流密度为(1.0,4.5,10)×10–3A/cm2时,比容量分别为654,591,525 F/g。经恒定电流10 mA充放电循环1 000次,衰减仅为初始容量的10.7%。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.