新一代TMCP的实践和工业应用举例

介绍以超快速冷却为核心的新一代TMCP技术在钢材生产中的广泛应用和由此而导致的钢材性能的提升.这些应用包括棒线材控轧控冷技术突破和应用、轴承钢的轧后超快速冷却控制碳化物分布、利用超快速冷却技术进行热轧带钢组织复相化控制,以及热轧带钢轧机实施超快速冷却装置的改造和中厚板轧机实施超快速压力喷射式冷却 ACC的新式冷却系统的建立.     

再结晶控制轧制在高强度压力容器钢板研制中的应用

为了提高产品的性能,本试验对容器钢的化学成分进行了优化,并采用RCR(再结晶控制轧制)+ACC(加速冷却控制)工艺对250 mm厚的连铸坯轧制到30 mm厚,轧后进行了正火处理。通过对热轧板和正火板进行金相检验和力学性能测试,分析了轧制工艺与钢板组织和性能的关系。试验结果表明,采用RCR+ACC工艺生产的钢板正火后各项性能均满足技术要求。与常规工艺相比,RCR+ACC工艺生产的正火板组织分布更均匀,-40℃横向冲击功达到154 J,实现了组织和性能的良好匹配。     

中厚板轧后控制冷却系统

介绍了轧后控冷技术的发展及其作用,指出通过应用轧后控冷技术,可以细化钢板晶粒,提高钢板的强度,代替正火工艺;分析了轧后控冷工艺主要工艺参数如冷却速度、水量及返红温度的控制对于控制冷却系统的影响;对实现轧后控冷技术关键部分的控冷设备及其自动化控制系统的主要构成及特点进行了详细介绍,并对中厚板轧后控冷技术的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

中厚板轧后控冷系统及其应用

介绍了武汉钢铁（集团）公司轧板厂轧后控冷系统的工艺布置、冷却设备、技术特点及其使用效果，这套控冷系统冷却范围宽、冷却均匀性好，对中厚板性能的改善较明显。     

控轧控冷工艺对低碳贝氏体钢组织性能的影响

通过在中厚板轧机上进行的控轧控冷工艺试验，研究了不同控轧控冷条件对低碳贝氏体钢DB685组织和性能的影响，得出增大变形量可得到细小均匀的晶粒组织，使钢材的强韧性提高；增大轧后冷却速度能有效地提高钢板强度。并提出了工业生产DB685钢的控轧控冷工艺参数：终轧温度≤850℃，轧后冷却速度≥5℃／s，终冷温度≤650℃。     

中厚板轧后超快速冷却控制系统的开发与应用

以中厚板轧后超快速冷却控制系统为对象,分析了系统内部以及与外部系统的通讯方式,建立了基于样本微跟踪策略的功能控制和数学模型,并结合中厚板生产过程的特点进行优化和创新.采用超快速冷却系统进行轧后控制冷却后,简化了系统的调试和维护过程,满足了过程控制系统准确性和稳定性的要求,最终实现了产品工艺参数高精度控制.     

运用控轧控冷工艺提高钢板力学性能

结合马钢中板生产实际, 对控轧控冷工艺中快速轧制, 快速冷却, 大压下量开坯, 大压下率终轧及碳当量对温度控制的影响等主要方面进行了探讨, 并得出适当的工艺参数, 从而大大提高了钢板力学性能合格率。     

简析控轧控冷技术在无缝钢管生产中的应用

从在线常化工艺、在线淬火工艺和在线快速冷却工艺等3方面介绍了控轧控冷技术在国内无缝钢管生产中的应用情况;分析了控轧控冷技术在无缝钢管生产中应用有待加强的问题。分析讨论认为:目前需加强P110钢级油井管、高钢级管线管及高压锅炉管的在线热处理试验研究;完善检测手段和控轧控冷装置;根据机组的类型,选择适宜的控轧控冷工艺等。     

控轧控冷技术的发展及在钢管轧制中应用的设想

传统控轧控冷(TMCP)技术由于受到冷却能力的限制,对钢材性能的提高有一定局限性.为了进一步强化钢材的性能,提出了以超快速冷却技术为核心的新一代控轧控冷(NG-TMCP)技术.该技术提高了钢的细晶强化、析出强化、相变强化等多种强化机制,充分挖掘了钢材的潜力.介绍了NG-TMCP技术目前在热轧带钢、中厚板、棒线材及H型钢...     

25MnV钢贝氏体转变行为研究

通过膨胀仪方法,研究了25MnV钢在模拟2种无缝钢管控轧控冷试验工艺条件下的贝氏体转变行为。结果表明,在终轧温度较高,轧后快速冷却到390～485℃再缓冷的情况下,可获得硬度大于22HRC的全贝氏体组织。采用控轧控冷工艺生产贝氏体组织N80钢级套管是可行的,此项研究成果为开发贝氏体非调质热处理钢管提供了依据。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.