Cyaniding steels with the use of triethanolamine

Cyaniding is widely used in basic engineering for surface strengthening of parts. Triethanolamine is often used as the liquid matter in the process. However, cyaniding is often conducted by adding ammonia into the liquid matter, which creates problems with the utilization of the remaineder of the gas. The addition of other gases (nitrogen, argon, etc.) into ammonia is not appropriate because the latter does not decompose completely. The present paper is devoted to the results of industrial tests of a cyaniding technology at 800°C with the use of triethanolamine without ammonia or any other gas or substance. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 2, pp. 8–11, February, 1998.     

Effect of triethanolamine on deposition rate of electroless copper plating

Abstract

The addition of bis(3-sulphopropyl) disulphide in Cu electroless plating results in Cu superfilling. However, the deposition rate of superfilling copper plating is decreased, which hinders its application for filling Cu into via holes of ultralarge scale integrations. In the present study, the effect of triethanolamine (TEA) on the deposition rate of electroless copper plating was investigated. The deposition rates of electroless plated copper both in traditional and superfilling copper plating were accelerated with an addition of TEA, which was attributed to a decrease in reaction activation energy of a dominant reduction reaction. X-ray diffractometry and atomic force microscopy measurements indicated that with an addition of TEA, the peak intensity ratio /(111)//(200) of electroless plated Cu film was increased and the average surface roughness was decreased.     

三乙醇胺对铝酸钠溶液种分分解率的影响

研究了添加剂三乙醇胺对铝酸钠溶液分解率的影响,探讨了该添加剂影响铝酸钠溶液晶种分解过程的相关机理。结果表明:在分解温度65℃,添加剂TEA浓度为200mg/L、溶液苛性比αk为1.41的条件下,相比空白试样,添加剂TEA可提高铝酸钠溶液种分分解率3.83%,并可缩短分解时间。     

Interdiffusion in systems with components with differing melting points

In the development of high-temperature alloys the use of refractory metals with a high melting point — Ta and W — for alloying is becoming conventional. These metals, and also the alloys based on them, may come into contact with metals and alloys whose melting points are much lower (for example, in composite-type materials). Upon heating there develop in the areas of contact of the metals differing in their melting point the processes of mutual diffusion, knowledge of which makes it possible to determine the chemical composition of the transition zone and the thermal stability of the composite material. Since production of the refractory metals involves great difficulties, intermediate products are prepared from them by the powder metallurgy method. The powder materials contain more defects, particularly pores, in comparison with the cast materials, which must be considered in studying the diffusion. In the present article we examine on the basis of experimental data and thermodynamic analysis the characteristics of the kinetics of the process of mutual diffusion of vanadium and the refractory metals in cast and powder variants at various temperatures.All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Hard Alloys. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 8, pp. 9–11, August, 1994.     

三轴三混升降式混砂机

移动式三轴三混可升降式树脂砂混砂机采用双槽低速预混搅笼和终混高速搅笼新工艺,比普通混砂机多一轴,解决了双轴双混和单轴单混两种混砂机混砂效果差的问题。     

交联固化型氟碳漆与丙烯酸聚氨酯涂料性价比较

在现代的防腐涂装中,尤其是室外钢结构和混凝土等表面的防腐涂装中,交联固化型氟碳漆和脂肪族丙烯酸聚氨酯涂料均获得了不同程度的应用,并取得了良好的使用效果.本文着重从分子结构、成膜机理方面着手,并结合一些具体试验数据和经济评价,充分论证了重点工程中选用这两种涂料在性能和经济上所存在的差异和性价比,供有关用户选择防腐涂料时做参考.     

槽形表面镀铬层等离子弧强化工艺规划

采用等离子弧对槽形表面结构进行强化处理,并进行了工艺规划.分别制定了阴线,阳线,倒转侧面以及一些特殊位置的机器人行进轨迹、姿态和倾斜角度.阳线部分采用摆幅为1.0mm的摆焊;阴线部分采用三道强化,焊枪上部向外侧倾斜约15°,并且将两条焊道搭接量控制在0.5mm左右;对倒转侧面强化时焊枪在垂直方向倾斜30°～40°,电弧中心交于倒转侧面底部距阴线约0.5mm,以上工艺可取得最佳强化效果.为提高整体镀铬层强化效果,应尽量避免阳线与倒转侧、倒转侧与阴线交接区域的过加热.     

铁与生命

<正>生命在地球磁场中诞生,又在地球磁场中进化和发展,所以生命,特别是像人这样的高级生命,与铁结下了不解之缘。铁是人体必需的微量元素之一。在人的血液、肌肉和骨骼等组织中,都含有一定比例的铁。人体中的铁大部分以有机卟啉铁的形式存在于血红蛋白和肌蛋白中。红细胞中的铁参与氧和二氧化碳的运输,在血红蛋白分子中有举足轻重的作用。铁还是各种细胞色素、过氧化酶的必要成分。各种过氧化酶,是生物体氧化反应的重要酶素,缺少它们,人体的正常生理活动就无法进行。所以,人体内铁质不足会引起缺铁性贫血,出现四肢软弱无力、皮肤粘膜苍白、心悸、心率加快、头晕、头痛、耳鸣、注意力不集中等症状。可见铁是人体不可缺少的重要元素,没有铁,人体健康就会受影响。     

Gold complexes with

The reactions of methane with the gold complexes [Au(OH)]⁻, [Au(OCH₃)₄]⁻, [Au(O(CO)₂O₂]⁻ and [Au(O₂CH)₂]⁺, [Au^I(acac)], [Au^III(acac)₂]⁺ (acac-acetylacetonato) were studied using the DFT/PBE method with the SBK basis set. High activation barriers were obtained for the electrophilic substitution in [Au(OH)]⁻, [Au(OCH₃)⁴]⁻, [Au(O(CO)₂O)₂]-and [Au^III(acac)₂]⁺ complexes, which excludes the possibility that these reactions might proceed under mild conditions. The reactions of the [Au(HCO₂)₂]⁺ and [AuI(acac)] complexes with methane have rather low energy barriers and proceed through the formation of an intermediate complex. The alternative mechanism of methane oxidation with a gold complex in the presence of oxygen is simulated.     

覆砂铁型铸造生产球铁法兰主轴

把原粘土砂湿型生产法兰主轴铸件的工艺改为覆砂铁型工艺,解决了内部缩松等一系列缺陷问题。与原工艺相比,实现了覆砂铁型工艺的"多、快、好、省"。