户内多径信道中 PRF 对 UWB 系统性能影响

首次研究分析脉冲重复频率(PRF)对密集多径衰减信道下采用 THSS 和 PPM 的 UWB 系统 BER 性能的影响。通过使用混合选择／最大比率结合分集接收机(H-S／MRC)并利用虚拟分支技术,首次推导出基于 PRF、选择并结合的多径成分数量 L 以及信道的多径扩频的 UWB 系统准确 BER 表达式,并对 BER 性能进行分析和仿真评估。结果表明：在密集多径衰减环境下,不仅仅脉冲波形和 L,而且 PRF 对 UWB 系统 BER 性能影响极大。当固定 L 和脉冲波形时,增大 PRF 将大大降低 UWB 系统 BER 性能。     

Performance of coherent DS-CDMA with 2D-RAKE receiver

The bit error rate (BER) of a coherent digital signal code-division multiple access system with a 2D-RAKE receiver is evaluated in a Rayleigh fading multipath channel. The numerical results indicate that, compared with the conventional RAKE receiver, the 2D-RAKE receiver could provide a significant capacity gain which is sensitive to the selection of spatiotemporal diversity fingers     

60 GHz芯片间无线互连系统中的Rake接收性能

在60 GHz芯片间无线互连信道中存在着多径干扰问题,采用Rake接收是提高系统性能的重要手段。针对脉冲超宽带( IR-UWB)的芯片间无线互连系统,分析了多径信道下Rake接收机的误码性能。在IEEE 802.15.3 c信道模型基础上,对不同分支数以及不同合并方案下的选择Rake ( S-Rake)和部分Rake(P-Rake)接收机误码性能进行了研究。仿真结果表明采用支路数为2的P-Rake在数据速率为10 Gb/s时仍具有良好的抗多径性能,这为芯片间无线互连系统的Rake接收方案提供了技术参考。     

Effect of tap spacing on the performance of direct-sequencespread-spectrum RAKE receiver

The effect of tap spacing on the performance of a RAKE receiver is analyzed analytically in a frequency-selective fading channel. A continuous time multipath fading channel model is used for the analysis, and the expression of the correlation between the desired signals, interference signals, and noise signals at the output of each branch of the RAKE receiver is derived for various chip waveforms. Since the noise components of each branch signal are correlated to each other, an optimum combining rule based on the maximum-likelihood criterion is derived to gain utmost performance. It is shown that the performance of the system can be improved by setting the tap spacing of the RARE receiver below the chip duration when the bandwidth of the transmitted signal is larger than the inverse of the chip duration. Also, it is shown that the normalized capacity of the system can be increased by using a chip waveform occupying wider bandwidth, which takes advantage of the increased diversity gain merits of a wide-band code-division multiple-access system at the same chip rate. It is noted that the derived combining rule gives diversity gain against the fading process as well as noise whitening processing gain against multiple-access interference at the same time     

Adaptive MMSE maximum likelihood CDMA multiuser detection

The well-known code division multiple access maximum likelihood receiver (MF-ML) uses a bank of matched filters as a generator of sufficient statistics for maximum likelihood detection of users transmitted symbols. In this paper, the bank of matched filters is replaced by a bank of adaptive minimum mean squared error (MMSE) filters as the generator of sufficient statistics. This formal replacement of the MF bank by the adaptive MMSE filter bank has significant conceptual consequences and provides improvement by several performance measures. The adaptive MMSE-ML receiver's digital implementation is significantly computationally simplified. The advantages of the proposed adaptive MMSE-ML receiver over the MF-ML receiver are: (1) ability to perform joint synchronization, channel parameter estimation, and signal detection where the signal is sent over an unknown, slowly time-varying, frequency-selective multipath fading channel; (2) increased information capacity in a multicellular environment; and (3) significantly improved bit error rate (BER) performance in a multicellular mobile communications environment. The information capacity and the BER of the proposed MMSE-ML receiver are analyzed. Numerical results showing the BER performance of the MMSE-ML receiver in a multipath channel environment are presented     

Turbo decoder SNR estimation with RAKE reception

The joint performance of a turbo decoder and RAKE receiver using the MAP algorithm depends on the accuracy of the channel reliability factor. In a high data rate/low processing gain environment, inherent interference that results from non-idealities of the RAKE receiver complicate the estimation of the channel reliability factor. The combined performance of a turbo decoder and RAKE receiver is analyzed in a timedispersive and time-varying channel with distinct multipath components. Approaches are examined for estimating the channel reliability factor using the limited information that is known by the RAKE receiver. The sensitivity of performance to SNR mismatches is computed. The impact of the processing gain and the number of multipath components on BER performance is analyzed along with the effect of the channel time coherence. By accounting for the non-ideal RAKE interference effects, improvements in the channel reliability factor calculation result in BER performance improvements on the order of 0.5-2 dB.     

BER analysis of MPSK space-time code with differential detection over correlated block-fading Rayleigh channel

MIMO technology proposed in recent years can effectively combat the multipath fading of wireless channel and can considerably enlarge the channel capacity, which has been investigated widely by researchers. However, its performance analysis over correlated block-fading Rayleigh channel is still an open and challenging objective. In this article, an analytic expression of bit error rate （BER） is presented for multiple phase shift keying （MPSK） space-time code, with differential detection over correlated block-fading Rayleigh channel. Through theoretical analysis of BER, it can be found that the differential space-time scheme without the need for channel state information （CSI） at receiver achieves distinct performance gain compared with the traditional nonspace-time system. And then, the system simulation is complimented to verify the above result, showing that the diversity system based on the differential space-time block coding （DSTBC） outperforms the traditional nonspacetime system with diversity gain in terms of BER. Furthermore, the numerical results also demonstrate that the error floor of the differential space-time system is much lower than that of the differential nonspace-time system.     

A Theoretical Evaluation of Parallel Interference Cancellation in M-Ary Orthogonal Modulated Asynchronous DS-CDMA System Over Multipath Rayleigh Fading Channels

In this paper, we tackle the problem of theoretical evaluation for the multistage parallel interference cancellation (PIC) scheme in a direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) system with orthogonal modulation and long scrambling codes. The studied system operates on the reverse link in a time varying multipath Rayleigh fading channel. By applying the Central Limit Theorem and some other approximations to multiple access interference (MAI) and intersymbol interference (ISI), as well as assuming identically distributed chips from a single interferer, the bit error rate (BER) performance of the PIC scheme at any stage can be recursively computed from the signal-to-noise ratio, number of users, the number of path per user, processing gain of the CDMA system, and the average received power of each path. For completeness, the BER expression is derived for chip synchronous and chip asynchronous systems over both equal and unequal power multipath channels. The proposed analysis is validated by the Monte Carlo simulations and proved to be reasonably accurate, and it gives insight into the performance and capacity one can expect from PIC-based receivers under different situations. For instance, the analytical results can be used to examine the convergence property, multipath diversity gains, and near-far resistance of the PIC scheme.     

Multipath combining scheme in single-carrier transmission systems

In this letter, we introduce and investigate the RAKE combining receiver which is widely used in the code-division multiple access (CDMA) systems to the non-spectrum-spreading single-carrier transmission system. The initial estimate of the transmitted data is obtained by linear single-carrier equalizers, and then all the multipath signals are constructed from this initial solution and channel impulse response. By interference cancellation (IC) technique, we can acquire every multipath component in the received signal after cancelling the sum of all the other multipath signals constructed. Finally, all the components are combined together using selection combining (SC), equal gain combining (EGC) or maximal ratio combining (MRC), so that temporal diversity gain from the combined output can be obtained. Simulation results show that bit error rate (BER) performance of the new combining receiver based on zero forcing (ZF) and minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalizers can achieve the SNR gain dramatically in the SUI-5 wireless communication link.     

多径衰落信道下MC-CDMA系统性能分析

该文提出了一种改进的MC-CDMA方案,该方案取发射的符号周期为切普周期的整数倍,允许各子载波经历多径衰落信道,消除了原方案对切普周期和符号周期的限制,并在接收端可对多径信号进行分离。推导出了在多径衰落信道下改进方案的误码率(BER)表达式,并通过计算机仿真进行了验证。与典型的MC-CDMA方案相比,改进的方案不但又获得了多径分集增益,还使系统的性能得到了显著的改善。     

On the performance of low-rate wireless correlation-delay-shift-keying system

The performance of a correlation-delay-shift-keying (CDSK) system for low data-rate applications in wireless communications is studied in this paper. In the transmitter, the low-rate data modulates the chaotic spreading sequence by means of a CDSK modulator at baseband. By using a RF modulator, the baseband CDSK-modulated signal is up-converted into a RF passband signal which is then transmitted on the antenna. These modulators allow the transmitter to be able to adjust flexibly the chip period compared with bit duration and locate the transmitted signal at a desired or allocated RF band. The receiver performs in turn the corresponding RF and CDSK demodulations to recover the data. A wireless channel affected by noise, fading, multipath, and delay-spread in the context of low-rate and short-range transmission of the chaotic spread-spectrum signals is described. Schemes for the transmitter and receiver under the impact of the wireless channel are then developed. Bit-error-rate (BER) performance is analyzed with the use of both theoretical derivation and numerical integration. Simulated performance is shown in comparison with the corresponding analyzed ones, where the effect of the spreading factor, modulation delay, and the number of transmission paths on the BER is fully evaluated. Our findings show that the low-rate CDSK system can exploit the multipath nature of wireless channels for improving the BER performance.     

V-BLAST OFDM空间功率扩展

该文在多径衰落信道下,针对分布式发射天线V-BLAST OFDM,提出了一种将数据功率扩展到不同发射天线的信号发射方法。该方法利用了分布式天线间时延,增强了分布式信道的频率选择性,提高了V-BLAST OFDM可获得的分集度。在BPSK调制,M.1225步行测试信道下的仿真结果表明：当误比特率为10-3时,与传统方法相比,该文方法有大于2 dB的功率节省。     

Performance of multiuser detection with adaptive channel estimation

An adaptive multipath decorrelating multiuser receiver is considered for application in Rayleigh fading multipath channels with significant Doppler spread. Coherent diversity combining is performed using adaptively obtained channel estimates in a manner that minimizes the impact of estimation errors on data detection. The bit-error rate of the receiver is evaluated analytically, showing dependence on the fading rate of the channel and tracking capabilities of adaptive least mean square and recursive least square algorithms, in addition to the order of multipath diversity and the number of active code-division multiple-access users     

对数正态分布衰落下的光OFDM水下可见光通信空间分集系统

水下可见光通信(UVLC)是实现高速宽带信息传输的有效方案,但由于受到信道中吸收、散射和湍流的不利影响而面临着许多困难。针对水下湍流信道中多径和衰落带来的影响,提出了一种光正交频分复用(O-OFDM)等增益合并的分集方案,根据广义的朗伯定律得到信道增益,通过对数正态分布模拟信号衰落。采用蒙特卡洛方法对正交幅度调制(QAM)的非对称削波光正交频分复用(ACOOFDM)和直流偏置光正交频分复用(DCO-OFDM)两种分集系统进行建模仿真,分析高斯信道和弱湍流信道下系统的误比特率,探讨不同分集数目和闪烁系数情况下的分集增益。研究结果验证了分集是降低湍流影响的有效手段,有利于改善水下信息传输性能,为弱湍流信道下正交频分复用可见光通信系统的设计、预测和评估提供参考。     

Adaptive mobile spot diffusing angle diversity MC-CDMA optical wireless system in a real indoor environment

In this paper, we introduce a mobile optical wireless (OW) multicarrier - code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) system that employs a new adaptive line strip multibeam system (ALSMS) with diversity detection. Our results indicate that a significant improvement in the bit error rate (BER) can be obtained in the presence of very directive noise, multipath propagation and shadowing typical in a real indoor environment. With transmitter and/or receiver mobility, ALSMS can improve the BER performance by almost 10^-5 with 2 active users, and increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by more than 13 dB compared to the unadaptive LSMS.     

A digital DS spread-spectrum receiver with joint channel andDoppler shift estimation

A digital spread-spectrum receiver design is presented for communication over multipath channels with severe Doppler shifts. The characteristics of the underwater channel relevant to spread-spectrum system design are discussed, and a channel model for short-range communications (less than 10 km) is defined. The receiver considered uses a digital coherent RAKE combiner, coupled with an extended Kalman filter (EKF)-based estimator for channel parameters and pseudonoise code delay. Receiver performance is evaluated by computing average bit-error rate (BER) versus iterations of the EKF joint estimator, using both fixed and time-varying channels. It is shown that the BER obtained using the EKF joint estimator closely tracks the optimum BER obtained when the channel, delay, and Doppler parameters are known exactly. Finally, the Cramer-Rao lower bound for time-invariant joint channel, delay, and Doppler estimation is derived, and compared with the ensemble averaged mean-squared error of the EKF estimator     

An adaptive correlator receiver for direct-sequence spread-spectrumcommunication

This paper presents a novel receiver for direct sequence spread-spectrum signals over channels containing interference and multipath. The receiver employs an adaptive correlator that jointly detects the transmitted data, removes interference, and compensates for multipath. The optimum correlation vector is derived by determining the Wiener vector that minimizes the mean squared error (MSE) between the transmitted data bit and the correlator output. For an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, the optimal correlation vector is the spreading sequence used by the transmitter. For interference and multipath channels, the optimal correlation vector will suppress the interference and combine the multipath while optimizing the detection of the transmitted data bit. The paper presents analytical and simulation results which illustrate the bit-error rate (BER) performance of the receiver in multipath and narrowband interference. Additionally, simulation results are presented illustrating the convergence performance of the receiver when the tap weights are adjusted using either the least mean square (LMS) or recursive least squares (RLS) adaptive algorithms     

Performance Improvement of IS-95 CDMA Uplink Using Decision Feedback and Sub-Optimal Viterbi Decoding

This paper presents a methodology designed to improve the effectiveness of a non-iterative decision feedback (DF) receiver/decoder for IS-95 Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) uplink in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading. The effectiveness of the DF receiver/decoder is linked to the interleaver specification and the decoding delay of the convolutional decoder. Using sub-optimal convolutional decoding the average decoding delay is reduced resulting in more effective decision feedback decoding (DFD). Simulation results of average decoding delay, bit error rate (BER) and frame error rate (FER) are presented for coherent and noncoherent detection of unfaded single-path and Rayleigh fading multipath signals. Instead of the usual performance degradation these results show that the DF receiver/decoder benefits from some forms of sub-optimal Viterbi decoding. The additional performance gain can further improve the quality of service and/or capacity of a cellular IS-95 system.     

Postdetection selection diversity reception with correlated,unequal average power Rayleigh fading signals for π/4-shift QDPSKmobile radio

The diversity gain degradations due to fading correlation and unequal average power are investigated for practical, two-branch postdetection selection diversity reception. The average bit error rate (BER) of π/4-shift QDPSK is theoretically analyzed taking into account additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), cochannel interference, and multipath channel delay spread; exact diversity gain degradations are calculated. Simple and useful approximate expressions for the gain degradations are also presented     

A linear MMSE receiver for multipath asynchronous random-CDMA with chip pulse shaping

This paper studies the design and implementation of a linear minimum mean-square error (LMMSE) receiver in asynchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems that employ long-code pseudonoise (PN) sequences and operate in multipath environments. The receiver is shown to be capable of multiple-access interference (MAI) suppression and multipath diversity combining without the knowledge of other users' signature sequences. It maximizes output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with the aid of a new chip filter which exploits the cyclostationarity of the received signal and combines all paths of the desired user that fall within its supported time span. The performance of the LMMSE receiver is compared with that of the coherent selective RAKE receiver. The achieved gain is on the order of 0.6-1.8 dB in dense multipath environments of current narrow-band settings and nonuniform power distribution scenarios of next-generation CDMA systems. An example of adaptive implementation of the LMMSE receiver is presented and accompanied by complexity analysis, training curves, and quantitative performance comparisons illustrating the convergence rate and steady-state performance of the adaptive algorithms.