基于无迹卡尔曼滤波单液流锌镍电池SOC估计

针对单液流锌镍电池荷电状态估计(SOC)还未较有为完善的解决方案,提出一种基于无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)算法的单液流锌镍电池SOC估计.对单液流锌镍电池工作原理进行介绍,建立单液流锌镍电池二阶等效电路模型,并对电池内部参数进行辨识,通过利用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法(EKF)和无轨迹卡尔曼滤波算法(UKF)分别对单液流锌镍电池的SOC估计,经过仿真分析两种算法的误差,进一步说明无迹卡尔曼滤波算法有较高的精确度,估计误差在2％以内,能够满足单液流锌镍电池荷电状态估计要求.     

基于DSP的电动汽车锂电池荷电状态估算的研究与实现

锂电池荷电状态(SOC)的准确估算是电动汽车能源管理的关键技术。为了提高锂电池SOC的估算精度,将无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)应用于锂电池SOC估算,以减小拓展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)简单线性化带来的误差。搭建电池检测系统的硬件平台,以TMS320F28335型数字信号处理器(DSP)为主控芯片(MCU),实现电压、电流、温度的检测及UKF算法,并设计了相关的电池测试实验。实验结果表明,UKF可以实时估算锂电池SOC,估算误差在4%以内,高于传统的拓展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)。     

基于电路等效和UKF-EKF的锂电池SOC估算方法研究

锂电池以成组形式被广泛使用,但在生产与使用中单体不一致现象会严重影响电池的使用效率、寿命以及安全性。因此,对动力锂电池荷电状态(SOC)进行实时准确估算,保证电池的及时均衡尤为重要。针对动力电池估算所存在的等效模型模拟电池充放电过程中的真实性低、常用算法精度损失等问题,采用二阶Thevenin等效电路模型,通过递推最小二乘法进行电池模型的参数辨识。对比扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法与无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)算法的优、缺点,提出了一种结合EKF和UKF两种算法优势的联合在线SOC估计策略。将估计的SOC结果和试验测量结果进行比较,并通过试验与仿真验证该方法的精度。试验结果表明,该方法能够有效实现SOC的在线估算,其估计精度在5%内,为电池管理系统的搭建与锂电池组的均衡提供了判断依据。     

动力锂电池SOC估计仿真研究

针对传统的无迹卡尔曼滤波算法(UKF)估计动力锂电池荷电状态(SOC)时,由于滤波迭代过程中系统噪声不确定,可能导致估计结果精度欠佳的问题,提出一种改进的自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波算法(AUKF)动态地估计锂离子电池的SOC.算法以UKF算法为基础,引入改进的Sage-Husa自适应滤波算法,利用观测数据进行滤波递推的同时,实时更新系统噪声的统计特性.以等效电路模型为基础,采用递推最小二乘法辨识模型参数,应用AUKF算法对电池SOC进行估算,并从实际工况进行仿真验证分析.仿真结果表明,上述算法有效的提高了估计精度,误差稳定性较高.     

基于参数在线辨识和SVD-UKF的锂电池SOC联合估计

锂电池的荷电状态(SOC)是电池管理系统的核心参数,准确的SOC估计对电动汽车的安全运行至关重要。针对因电池模型参数固定导致锂电池SOC估计精度不高和误差协方差非正定导致传统无迹卡尔曼滤波算法估计SOC失败的问题,提出基于参数在线辨识和SVD-UKF的锂电池SOC联合估计算法。该算法使用变遗忘因子递推最小二乘法实现电池模型参数的在线辨识,通过基于奇异值分解的无迹卡尔曼滤波算法(SVD-UKF)实现电池SOC的估计。在联邦城市运行工况下对联合估计算法进行验证,实验结果表明,联合估计算法可将SOC估计误差控制在1.53%以内,能够有效提高SOC估计的准确性和稳定性。     

基于RLS和EKF算法的全钒液流电池SOC估计

针对全钒液流电池的荷电状态(SOC)估计精度低、估计成本较高等问题,提出一种基于递推最小二乘算法(RLS)与扩展卡尔曼滤波算法(EKF)相结合的估计方法.该方法通过RLS算法辨识所建立的钒电池数学模型参数,通过EKF算法估计钒电池的SOC,将二者结合实现电池参数发生变化时准确估计钒电池的SOC.以5kW/ 30kWh的钒电池为对象,应用所提出的算法实现钒电池的SOC估计.结果表明,该算法可以准确估计钒电池的SOC,且可节省额外增加单片检测电池测量SOC的费用.     

基于温度补偿的动力锂电池SOC估算方法

动力电池的荷电状态(State of Charge,SOC)是电动汽车的重要参数之一,直接影响电动汽车的安全控制与可续行里程的评估.电池总容量作为估算电池SOC的重要变量之一,其与使用环境温度密切相关,而在SOC估计算法中常被认为是恒定值,从而影响不同环境温度下锂电池SOC估计精度.为实现对锂电池SOC的准确估计,考虑温度对锂电池容量等特性参数的影响,通过引入温度补偿模型,并结合扩展卡尔曼滤波(Extended Kalman Filter,EKF)算法实现对锂电池SOC的动态估计.在不同环境温度下模拟电动汽车实际工况对锂电池进行放电试验,并比较未经温度补偿的SOC算法与补偿后的SOC算法精度.研究结果表明,所提出的方法适用于不同温度的锂电池,能实现较为精确的估计.     

基于模糊神经网络优化扩展卡尔曼滤波的锂离子电池荷电状态估计

电池荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)的精确估计是判断电池是否过充或过放的重要依据,是电动汽车安全、可靠运行的重要保障.传统基于扩展卡尔曼滤波(extended Kalman filter,EKF)的SOC估计方法过度依赖于精确的电池模型,并且要求系统噪声必须服从高斯白噪声分布.为解决上述问题,基于模糊神经网络(fuzzy neural network,FNN)建立模型误差预测模型,并藉此修正扩展卡尔曼滤波测量噪声协方差,以实现当模型误差较小时对状态估计进行测量更新,而当模型误差较大时只进行过程更新.仿真和实验结果表明,该算法能有效消除由于模型误差和测量噪声统计特性不确定而引入的SOC估计误差,误差在1.2%以内,并且具有较好的收敛性和鲁棒性,适用于电动汽车的各种复杂工况,应用价值较高.     

自适应卡尔曼对储能锂电池充放电状态的估算

为了提高对工作状态中动力锂电池组的锂电池荷电状态(SOC)估计,精准的电池模型能够有效地估计SOC值,即提出了非线性模型来描述锂电池的外部特性.自适应性卡尔曼滤波算法有效减小了卡尔曼滤波因为电池模型参数不准确而造成的误差.该算法使系统状态初始化,对下一时刻的不确定性的状态和误差协方差矩阵进行时间更新,计算卡尔曼增益并记...     

相关噪声下非线性滤波及在动力定位中的应用

针对实际系统状态估计具有互相关噪声的情况,研究了互相关噪声下非线性系统状态估计问题.首先基于贝叶斯理论推导出新的互相关噪声下的贝叶斯估计算法.然后使用三阶球面径向基(spherical-radial)规则计算贝叶斯估计中的非线性积分,当噪声互相关时,基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的思想分别计算状态矩阵和观测矩阵的Jacobi矩阵,可得互相关噪声下的容积卡尔曼滤波(cubature Kalman filtering with one-step auto-correlated and two-step crosscorrelated noise,CKF--CCN);当噪声不相关时,可得容积卡尔曼滤波(cubature Kalman filtering,CKF)及其平方根形式(SCKF).最后通过动力定位系统仿真实验,表明提出的CKF-CCN的估计精度要高于SCKF和仅考虑一步互相关的平方根容积卡尔曼滤波(SCKF-CN).     

基于Thevenin模型和UKF的锂电池SOC估算方法研究

为解决在多种工况下锂电池实时估算困难、估算精度不高等问题,以三元锂电池为研究对象,建立Thevenin模型,对电池的工作特性进行表征。综合多种工况对锂电池工作特性进行研究分析,避免了依据电池内部复杂结构建立等效模型的困难。考虑到估算初期荷电状态(SOC)准确性对于后期估算的重要性,首先用开路电压法标定初值,然后运用无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)算法进行估算跟踪。UKF算法基于无迹变换,没有忽略高阶项,对于非线性分布具有较高的计算精度。在Matlab/Simulink中搭建仿真模型并结合多种工况数据进行分析。试验结果表明,Thevenin模型能够较好地对锂电池SOC进行估算,收敛速度快、跟踪效果好且能将估算误差控制在0.8%以内,验证了UKF在对锂电池进行SOC估算时具有较高的精度。     

State of charge estimation for Li-ion battery based on model from extreme learning machine

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery state of charge (SOC) estimation is important for electric vehicles (EVs). The model-based state estimation method using the Kalman filter (KF) variants is studied and improved in this paper. To establish an accurate discrete model for Li-ion battery, the extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm is proposed to train the model using experimental data. The estimation of SOC is then compared using four algorithms: extended Kalman filter (EKF), unscented Kalman filter (UKF), adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF) and adaptive unscented Kalman filter (AUKF). The comparison of the experimental results shows that AEKF and AUKF have better convergence rate, and AUKF has the best accuracy. The comparison from the radial basis function neural network (RBF NN) model also verifies that the ELM model has lighter computation load and smaller estimation error in SOC estimation process. In general, the performance of Li-ion battery SOC estimation is improved by the AUKF algorithm applied on the ELM model.     

基于无迹卡尔曼滤波估算电池SOC

为了实现在线估计汽车动力电池的荷电状态（SOC）,提出了结合神经网络的无迹卡尔曼滤波算法。以Thevenin电路为等效电路模型,建立了状态空间表达式,采用最小二乘算法对模型参数进行辨识。在此基础上,利用神经网络算法拟合电池的荷电状态与模型各个参数之间的函数关系,经过多次实验,确定了神经网络算法的收敛曲线,此方法比传统的曲线拟合精度高。介绍了扩展卡尔曼滤波和无迹卡尔曼滤波的原理,并设计了等效电路模型验证实验、电池的SOC测试实验和算法的收敛性实验。实验结果表明,在不同的工况环境下,该方法估计SOC具有可在线估算、估算精度高和环境适应度高等优点,最大误差小于4%。最后验证了结合神经网络的无迹卡尔曼滤波的算法具有较好的收敛性和鲁棒性,可以有效解决初值估算不准确和累计误差的问题。     

基于强跟踪UKF 的自适应SLAM 算法

针对无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF）缺乏在线自适应调整能力,导致系统状态估计精度较低的问题,提出了 一种将强跟踪滤波器（STF）与UKF 相结合的SLAM 算法．该算法对于UKF 中每个采样点采用STF 进行更新,获 得优化滤波增益,抑制噪声对系统状态估计的影响,使系统状态估计迅速收敛到真实值附近．仿真实验对比了当前 几种SLAM 算法在不同噪声环境下的性能,实验表明,基于强跟踪UKF 的自适应SLAM 算法具有更好的鲁棒性和 自适应性．     

基于CARMA模型的动力电池荷电状态估计

为完善电动汽车电池管理系统的主要功能,实现对电池准确建模及荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)的准确估计,文章基于二阶RC等效电路建立了一种受控自回归滑动平均模型(controlled auto-regressive moving average,CARMA),推导得到电池开路电压(open circuit voltage,OCV)的最优估计,并结合分段建立的电池OCVSOC模型实现电池SOC估计,从而实现了电池模型参数在线实时辨识以及SOC实时估计,解决了因初值设定不合理而影响SOC估计准确度的问题。仿真结果表明:在美国联邦城市运行工况下,SOC估计误差的绝对值不超过2.39%,实现了较为准确的SOC估计。     

FPGA implementation of extended Kalman filter for SOC estimation of lithium‐ion battery in electric vehicle

A FPGA implementation for a model‐based state of charge (SOC) estimation is described in this paper. A Thevenin equivalent circuit model is designed for SOC estimation. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is designed to complete the SOC estimation, and the error is within 1 % . The FPGA is chosen to achieve realtime SOC estimation. A fast matrix method is proposed to improve the calculation speed of the EKF in FPGA because the EKF algorithm requires many matrix operations. In addition, the embedded system based on the FPGA with a system on a programmable chip (SOPC) technique is built using the Qsys platform in Quartus II. Based on the embedded system, an online testing platform is established to monitor the terminal voltage and load current of the experimental battery in real time; experimental results show that the online SOC estimation is successful. The measurement results show that the FPGA embedded scheme of the EKF allows for successful implementation of the SOC estimation with accuracy and speed. The fast matrix method requires 0.00007 s to implement the SOC estimation and is four times faster than the conventional matrix method.     

Interacting multiple model estimation-based adaptive robust unscented Kalman filter

The unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is a promising approach for the state estimation of nonlinear dynamic systems due to its simple calculation process and superior performance in highly nonlinear systems. However, its solution will be degraded or even divergent when the system model involves uncertainty. This paper presents an interacting multiple model (IMM) estimation-based adaptive robust UKF to address this problem. This method combines the merits of the adaptive fading UKF and robust UKF and discards their demerits to inhibit the disturbance of system model uncertainty on the filtering solution. An adaptive fading UKF for the case of process model uncertainty and a robust UKF for the case of measurement model uncertainty are established based on the principle of innovation orthogonality. Subsequently, an IMM estimation is developed to fuse the adaptive fading UKF and robust UKF as sub-filters according to the mode probability. The system state estimation is achieved as a probabilistic weighted sum of the estimation results from the two sub-filters. Simulations, experiments and comparison analysis validate the efficacy of the proposed method.     

An adaptive sliding mode observer for lithium-ion battery state of charge and state of health estimation in electric vehicles

As the demand for electric vehicle (EV)'s remaining operation range and power supply life, Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) estimation are important in battery management system (BMS). In this paper, a proposed adaptive observer based on sliding mode method is used to estimate SOC and SOH of the Li-ion battery. An equivalent circuit model with two resistor and capacitor (RC) networks is established, and the model equations in specific structure with uncertainties are given and analyzed. The proposed adaptive sliding mode observer is applied to estimate SOC and SOH based on the established battery model with uncertainties, and it can avoid the chattering effects and improve the estimation performance. The experiment and simulation estimation results show that the proposed adaptive sliding mode observer has good performance and robustness on battery SOC and SOH estimation.     

State estimation of nonlinear dynamical systems using nonlinear update based Unscented Gaussian Sum Filter

Two attractive features of Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) are: (1) use of deterministically chosen points (called sigma points), and (2) only a linear dependence of the number of sigma points on the number of states. However, an implicit assumption in UKF is that the prior conditional state probability density and the state and measurement noise densities are Gaussian. To avoid the restrictive Gaussianity assumption, Gaussian Sum-UKF (GS-UKF) has been proposed in literature that approximates all the underlying densities using a sum of Gaussians. However, the number of sigma points required in this approach is significantly higher than in UKF, thereby making GS-UKF computationally intensive. In this work, we propose an alternate approach, labeled Unscented Gaussian Sum Filter (UGSF), for state estimation of nonlinear dynamical systems, corrupted by Gaussian state and measurement noises. Our approach uses a Sum of Gaussians to approximate the non-Gaussian prior density. A key feature of this approximation is that it is based on the same number of sigma points as used in UKF, thereby resulting in similar computational complexity as UKF. We implement the proposed approach on two nonlinear state estimation case studies and demonstrate its utility by comparing its performance with UKF and GS-UKF.