AerMet100钢在盐雾中的腐蚀与电化学特性

目的 对AerMet100钢在盐雾中的腐蚀和电化学特性进行研究,分析其腐蚀机理。方法 通过盐雾试验,观察分析AerMet100钢的腐蚀行为和腐蚀形貌,分析腐蚀产物成分。测试盐雾试验不同时间后的极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱,并建立等效电路模型,采用Cview和Zsimp Win软件进行等效电路和极化曲线拟合,计算自腐蚀电位、自腐蚀电流和等效元件数值,定量分析其变化规律,之后通过K-K转换验证等效电路拟合的正确性。利用扫描开尔文探针（SKP）测试盐雾试验不同时间后带锈试样的表面电位,并进行Gaussian拟合,分析其电位分布和变化规律。最后,结合试验结果,对AerMet100钢在盐雾中的腐蚀机理进行分析。结果 AerMet100钢在盐雾试验中的腐蚀形态由点蚀逐步发展为均匀腐蚀,其腐蚀产物分为两层：外锈层主要成分是β-FeOOH,内锈层主要成分是Fe3O4和γ-Fe2O3,内锈层较外锈层更为致密。盐雾试验9 d后,自腐蚀电位为–593.178 mV,自腐蚀电流为3.919 μA,腐蚀产物层电阻为4.152 ??cm2,腐蚀反应电阻为2748 ??cm2,此时试样的腐蚀倾向性最低,腐蚀产物的积聚降低了腐蚀反应速率。未腐蚀试样表面平均电位为–842.387 mV,盐雾试验6 d后为–701.686 mV,12 d后为–575.502 mV。随着盐雾试验时间的延长,试样表面平均电位升高,电位分布分散,电位差增大,分为明显的阴极区和阳极区。结论 AerMet100钢表面腐蚀产物层可有效阻止腐蚀溶液向基体的渗透和扩散,延缓腐蚀进程,对基体起到较好的保护作用。     

输电塔杆用热浸镀锌钢在模拟酸雨大气环境中的腐蚀行为

通过循环盐雾腐蚀实验模拟镀锌钢在酸雨大气环境中的腐蚀过程。采用腐蚀质量损失测试、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和电化学技术分别对腐蚀48,84,132,180和228 h的镀锌钢试样进行测试分析,得到腐蚀动力学规律、腐蚀产物成分、锈层截面形貌以及表面锈层的电化学特性。研究了锈层对镀锌钢在酸雨条件下大气腐蚀的影响。动力学分析表明,腐蚀过程中镀锌钢的表面形成了具有较好保护性的锈层;电化学测试结果表明,锈层的保护性呈现随腐蚀时间的延长先增强后减弱的变化过程。     

带腐蚀产物超高强度钢的电化学行为

采用动电位极化、电化学阻抗、扫描电镜(SEM)、扫描Kelvin探针(SKP)和Raman光谱研究了300M和AerMet 100超高强度钢盐雾实验后试样的电化学行为.结果表明,300M钢在盐雾实验中生成的腐蚀产物为γ-FeOOH和Fe(OH)3;AerMet 100的腐蚀产物为β-FeOOH,Fe3O4和γ-Fe2O...     

TRIP钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为

用盐雾加速和极化曲线试验方法研究了TRIP钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为。结果表明:两种试样盐雾加速试验后表面均有大面积腐蚀产物出现,且极化曲线均活化。未添加合金元素(A钢)的腐蚀率远高于添加合金元素的(B钢);B钢较A钢的自腐蚀电位明显升高,其腐蚀电流密度下降;B钢表面锈层较为致密,而A钢锈层则相对较为疏松。B钢获得了相对较好的耐蚀效果,主要原因是由于Al、Cu、Cr、Mo、Ni等合金元素在锈层以及锈层与基体的界面中富集,改变了TRIP钢电化学性质所致。     

耐候钢锈层的稳定化处理及锈层的生长机制EI北大核心CSCD

开发一种新型耐候钢表面锈层稳定化处理剂,促进锈层的快速生长和稳定。以Q420NH耐候钢为基材,水性丙烯酸树脂为成膜物,加入两类添加剂——稳定剂(钼酸钠、磷酸钾、硝酸钠)和羟基氧化铁,制备出稳定化处理剂,涂刷于耐候钢的表面,在盐雾环境中研究锈层的生成过程。结果表明,水性丙烯酸树脂具有一定的氧气和水渗透性,适合作为稳定化处理的成膜物。在90 d的盐雾试验中,锈层厚度随盐雾时间的增长而不断增加,并且稳定化处理后试样的锈层厚度大于裸钢的锈层厚度。XRD结果显示,稳定化处理不改变耐候钢锈层的成分,Q420NH裸钢和稳定化处理的耐候钢的锈层均主要由Fe_(3)O_(4)、γ-FeOOH、α-FeOOH、β-FeOOH组成。SEM和截面Raman光谱结果表明,稳定化处理的试样锈层中保护性的α-FeOOH相分布更加广泛。EDS结果证明Cr、Cu合金元素在锈层中富集,电化学阻抗谱说明稳定化处理后的试样具有更佳的耐腐蚀性能。稳定化处理技术促进了耐候钢表面保护性锈层的生长,缩短了稳定化进程,提高了锈层的保护性能。     

Q235钢在西沙大气环境中的初期腐蚀行为

在西沙群岛典型的高温、高湿和高盐分大气环境下对Q235钢进行了 1个月短期暴晒实验,利用扫描电镜、电子探针、激光拉曼和X射线衍射仪等观察分析了暴晒后样品的表面形貌、腐蚀产物成分和锈层元素分布。结果表明：Q235钢形成的锈层疏松多孔,多裂纹,对基体没有保护作用。由于Cl^-的侵蚀作用,锈层和基体之间发生氧化还原反应,加速了基体的腐蚀。碳钢在西沙暴晒1个月后外表层的腐蚀产物主要有：Fe₈(O,OH)₁₆Cl_1.3,Υ-FeOOH, β-FeOOH及少量α-FeOOH等,锈层内部不同位置的产物基本相同,主要为Fe₃O₄,Υ-Fe₂O₃以及少量的Υ-FeOOH、β-FeOOH等。     

Q350EW与Q355GNH耐候结构钢焊接接头耐蚀性对比分析

为了研究高铁动车组用Q350EW耐候钢在盐雾腐蚀环境中腐蚀行为并探究其腐蚀机理,通过盐雾腐蚀试验、腐蚀形貌观测,及腐蚀失重、腐蚀速率考察了Q350EW钢的耐蚀性,并与Q355GNH进行对比。试验结果表明：2种耐候钢的焊接接头金相组织由铁素体(F)+珠光体(P)组成,铁素体含量偏多,且晶粒均匀细小;Q350EW钢盐雾24～96 h,外锈层的颜色由黄色变为红褐色,腐蚀速率逐渐增大,在72 h达到最大值0.113 8 mg/mm²;Q350EW腐蚀产物由腐蚀前期稳定性差的Fe(OH)₃,γ-FeOOH,β-FeOOH逐渐转化为较为稳定的α-FeOOH,提高了耐蚀性。     

Q235钢在海水淡化一级反渗透产水中的腐蚀行为

采用旋转挂片和SEM, EDS及IR分析研究Q235钢在海水淡化一级反渗透产水中(RO)的腐蚀速度和腐蚀产物变化规律,并利用动电位扫描、电化学阻抗法研究腐蚀过程及腐蚀反应控制步骤。结果表明,Q235钢在海水淡化一级反渗透产水中腐蚀速度在48 h内迅速增大至1.4 mm/a,其后保持稳定。锈层初期为γ-FeOOH薄层,随时间延长逐渐转为由Fe₃O₄构成的内锈层及由γ-FeOOH和α-FeOOH构成的外锈层。腐蚀过程受阴极控制,初期腐蚀阻力达到最大,其后由于大量γ-FeOOH在酸性条件下极易转化为对腐蚀反应没有阻滞作用的Fe₃O₄,腐蚀阻力迅速减小,腐蚀速度迅速增大,当Q235钢表面γ-FeOOH生成和转化达到平衡后,腐蚀阻力保持稳定,腐蚀速度也不再发生变化。     

一种Cr-Ni合金化耐蚀钢筋在氯盐环境中的腐蚀行为

通过加速腐蚀试验(盐雾和周浸)、电化学试验等方法研究了一种Cr-Ni合金化耐蚀钢筋和普通钢筋HRB400在氯盐环境中的耐蚀性,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、电子显微探针分析(EMPA)和X射线衍射(XRD)等技术手段分析了锈层的形貌和组成。结果表明:在碱性和中性NaCl溶液中合金化耐蚀钢筋的耐氯离子腐蚀能力较好;在盐雾、周浸腐蚀试验中的腐蚀速率分别为普通钢筋的19.4%和12.3%;普通钢筋加速腐蚀后的锈层较厚,且为单层疏松结构,其锈层主要由Fe_3O_4、α-FeOOH和β-FeOOH构成;而Cr-Ni合金化耐蚀钢筋的锈层相对较薄,为多层致密结构,主要组成为Fe_3O_4、α-FeOOH、β-FeOOH、γ-FeOOH、CrOOH和α-Fe_2O_3;合金元素Cr和Ni通过提高钢筋的自腐蚀电位,降低腐蚀敏感性,促进保护性锈层的产生,提高了钢筋在氯盐环境中的耐蚀性。     

JT345经济型耐大气腐蚀钢锈层电化学研究

利用自腐蚀电位测定、线性极化、阳极极化、交流阻抗等试验方法对JT345经济型耐大气腐蚀钢的锈层和裸钢进行研究,与Q235B及CortenA钢对比了它们的耐大气腐蚀性能和规律。电化学试验表明,大气腐蚀过程中生成的锈层使电化学阳极过程受到显著的阻滞。从热力学上看,自腐蚀电位正移320mV以上;从动力学上看,锈层表面趋于钝化,阳极电流降低两个数量级以上。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。