亚麻织物的含磷阻燃整理北大核心

以自制的3-(二甲氧磷酰基)丙酰胺阻燃剂(3DPP)与羧甲基降解壳聚糖反应,制得羧甲基降解壳聚糖含磷衍生物(CNPO);并利用傅里叶红外光谱仪和X射线光电子能谱仪对产物进行表征和分析。CNPO对亚麻织物进行阻燃整理时,考察了CNPO质量分数对阻燃效果的影响,并采用电子扫描显微镜和热失重同步分析仪对亚麻织物阻燃整理前后的表面形态、热裂解行为进行研究。结果表明,CNPO 13%,160℃焙烘3 min,整理亚麻织物的续燃时间为0.4 s,阴燃时间为0.8 s,达到GB50222—2001 B1级标准。     

亚麻织物的含磷阻燃整理

以自制的3-(二甲氧磷酰基)丙酰胺阻燃剂(3DPP)与羧甲基降解壳聚糖反应,制得羧甲基降解壳聚糖含磷衍生物(CNPO);并利用傅里叶红外光谱仪和X射线光电子能谱仪对产物进行表征和分析。CNPO对亚麻织物进行阻燃整理时,考察了CNPO质量分数对阻燃效果的影响,并采用电子扫描显微镜和热失重同步分析仪对亚麻织物阻燃整理前后的表面形态、热裂解行为进行研究。结果表明,CNPO 13%,160℃焙烘3 min,整理亚麻织物的续燃时间为0.4 s,阴燃时间为0.8 s,达到GB50222—2001 B1级标准。     

亚麻织物的降解壳聚糖/环三磷腈阻燃整理

以六氯环三磷腈(HCCP)与降解壳聚糖(JCH)复配体系作为阻燃剂,对亚麻织物进行阻燃整理,考察了阻燃剂用量、HCCP与JCH复配质量比、阻燃液p H值及皂洗次数对织物阻燃效果的影响。确定优化的整理工艺为:阻燃剂7%、m(HCCP)∶m(JCH)为1∶2、p H值为5,此时织物的垂直燃烧性能可达到GB/T 5455—1997中B1级标准,皂洗5次后满足B2级标准。     

磷系阻燃剂ZR-08在涤纶织物中的应用

用磷系阻燃剂ZR-08对涤纶织物进行二浸二轧整理。通过单因素试验和正交试验确定了优化工艺:阻燃剂ZR-08质量浓度280 g/L,工作液pH值5.5,焙烘温度195℃,焙烘时间110 s。整理织物的阻燃性能达到GB/T 17591-2006《阻燃织物》中的B1级标准,且耐洗性好,白度和断裂强力无明显影响。     

阻燃涤纶／棉织物的阻燃整理

采用棉用阻燃剂FPK8002对阻燃涤纶/棉织物进行阻燃整理,探讨阻燃剂浓度、焙烘条件及交联剂用量对织物阻燃性能的影响,分析阻燃涤纶含量和织物组织结构对阻燃涤纶/棉织物阻燃性能的影响.阻燃涤纶/棉织物阻燃整理的优化工艺为阻燃剂FPK8002用量350 g/L,交联剂用量350 g/L,焙烘温度160 ℃,焙烘时间4 min.测试结果表明,整理织物的裂解温度明显降低,阻燃性能符合国家B1级标准.     

大分子膨胀型阻燃剂的制备及亚麻阻燃整理

以三氯氧磷(POCl3)、季戊四醇(PER)、三聚氰胺(MEL)和四羟甲基氯化钅粦(THPC)为原料,合成了大分子膨胀型阻燃剂(THPC-MPP),并通过FTIR、拉曼光谱、TGA和XPS对其结构进行表征。将THPC-MPP应用于亚麻织物的阻燃整理,测试其对织物热稳定性和阻燃性的影响。结果表明,当THPC-MPP质量分数为5%时,亚麻织物的垂直燃烧性能达到GB/T 5455—1997 B1级标准。     

涤纶织物阻燃拒水拒油多功能整理研究

为了获得同时具有阻燃性能和拒水拒油性能的多功能涤纶织物,先以几种新型阻燃剂及交联剂复配后对涤纶织物进行阻燃整理,最佳配方:阻燃剂DM-PN1 380 g/L,DM-PN2 350 g/L,DM-PN3 150 g/L,交联剂JL-1 25 g/L,JL-2 25 g/L,JL-S 60 g/L,柔软剂15 g/L,渗透剂10 g/L,催化剂15 g/L。阻燃整理后进行拒水拒油整理,最佳工艺:100℃烘3 min,190℃焙烘1.5 min。整理后的织物在水洗100次后,阻燃性达到GB/T 5455-1997的B1级标准;拒水效果达到80分,拒油效果达到4级。     

涤棉织物的环保型阻燃整理及性能研究

选用无机环保型阻燃剂锡酸钠和硅酸钠对涤棉织物进行阻燃整理。研究了阻燃整理的工艺,对织物的极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧性能、耐洗性等进行了测试表征。结果表明:阻燃整理的最优工艺为锡酸钠用量300 g/L,硅酸钠用量200 g/L,焙烘温度150℃,焙烘时间3 min;经阻燃整理后,织物的LOI值为28.4%,损毁长度为40 mm,达到B1级阻燃织物的指标要求,可耐30次水洗,具有较高的耐洗性,同时对织物综合性能影响较小。     

天然纤维用无甲醛磷氮阻燃整理剂的合成及其应用

以亚磷酸二乙酯、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、环氧氯丙烷为原料,甲醇钠、氢氧化钠为催化剂,经过两步反应合成了无甲醛的磷-氮阻燃整理剂。将其应用于亚麻织物的阻燃整理,通过正交试验探讨最佳整理工艺。采用红外光谱(ATR)对阻燃整理前后的亚麻织物进行定性分析;对经过阻燃整理前后的亚麻织物进行热重分析(TG)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)测试,并将其应用于真丝织物。结果表明:亚麻织物经阻燃整理后炭长为5.8 cm,有焰和阴焰燃烧的时间都为0 s,远超过了阻燃整理织物的B1级标准。使用该阻燃剂对真丝织物进行阻燃整理,炭长可达4.45 cm,对桑蚕丝织物染色无影响。     

磷-氮耐氯阻燃整理剂的合成及其应用

针对大多数磷氮阻燃剂不耐氯的特性,以亚磷酸二乙酯、N?羟甲基丙烯酰胺、环氧氯丙烷为原料,甲醇钠、氢氧化钠为催化剂,分2步合成了磷氮耐氯阻燃剂。通过正交试验确定最佳的合成工艺条件,对在最佳工艺条件下合成的阻燃剂进行了红外光谱分析,将其应用于亚麻织物的阻燃整理,并对整理后的亚麻织物进行了红外光谱分析和耐久性以及耐氯性测试。结果表明：经合成的耐氯阻燃剂整理后的亚麻织物炭长达5.8 cm,整理后亚麻织物经过20 mg/L 的有效氯溶液浸泡1 h后炭长还可保持9 cm;阻燃亚麻织物经12 次水洗后,仍能达到国家B2标准,证明成功合成了含磷氮的耐氯耐久阻燃整理剂。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the