基底结构对纳米铜膜形貌结构及界面结合牢度的影响

以不同组织结构的涤纶织物为基材,采用射频磁控溅射技术沉积纳米铜膜,研究织物组织结构对铜膜表面形貌及晶态结构的影响,并对纳米铜膜-涤纶基材界面结合牢度进行测试分析。实验结果表明:在相同工艺条件下,非织造布、纳米纤维膜表面沉积纳米铜膜颗粒分布均匀,平均粒径及其表面粗糙度值较小,Cu(111)晶面结晶度较高,薄膜与基材界面结合强度较高;涤纶机织布、针织布表面纳米铜膜颗粒分布不均匀,平均粒径及其表面粗糙度值较大,Cu(111)晶面衍射峰较弱,导致薄膜-基材界面结合强度较低。     

等离子体处理对织物表面溅射铜膜性能的影响

利用直流磁控溅射法,在涤纶织物表面沉积纳米铜薄膜,研究氧、氩等离子体处理前后涤纶基材表面沉积铜膜的形貌、导电性能和润湿性能的变化.以扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)观察低温等离子体处理前后纤维表面的粗糙度和纳米铜颗粒大小变化,并对表面沉积纳米铜织物导电性能、润湿性能进行测试,结果表明,氧等离子体处理对涤纶基材表面的影响较氩等离子体明显,其可使纳米铜颗粒分布均匀致密,显著增加纤维表面的粗糙度和纳米铜颗粒大小,明显提高纳米铜膜导电性能.处理后,液滴在样品表面接触角变小,镀铜织物亲水性能得到明显改善.     

基底结构对磁控溅射铜膜电磁屏蔽效能的影响

用直流磁控溅射法分别在涤纶机织布、针织布、纺粘非织造布表面制备铜薄膜,并用频谱分析仪与专用波导管测试所得样品在100 MHz~1.5 GHz之间的电磁屏蔽效能,用扫描电镜观察溅射样品的表面形貌,用显微镜观察基底布孔隙,并对结果进行比较分析。发现基底布表面结构形貌与孔隙对屏蔽效能均产生影响,前者更为显著。根据导电网络的连续性、几何结构的立体性及紧密程度、孔隙及未沉积的涤纶空白表面的几何结构对表面电阻、表面吸收损耗及反射损耗的影响,分析非织造布正反面屏蔽效能曲线的差异。非织造布正表面由于纤维粘连紧密,沉积铜后形成较连续的导电网络,屏蔽效能好;机织、针织布反之,屏蔽效能较差。除表面密实及平坦程度外,缝隙的尺寸及分布也影响屏蔽效能与频率曲线的形状。     

磁控溅射Ag/ZnO纳米薄膜涤纶织物的制备及其性能

为探讨织物结构对表面沉积纳米复合薄膜形貌及性能的影响,采用直流射频共溅法,以不同组织结构纯涤纶织物为基材,分别以金属银(Ag)与锌(Zn)为靶材,制备Ag/ZnO纳米薄膜。对表面沉积Ag/ZnO薄膜的涤纶织物的形貌结构,沉积颜色、防紫外线性能及电磁屏蔽性能进行表征。实验结果表明:非织造布表面薄膜颗粒分布较为均匀,机织布表面纳米颗粒最不平整,针织布表面纳米颗粒粒径较小,并存在部分团簇颗粒;试样表面Ag衍射峰较明显,但ZnO依然以非晶态形式存在;针织布表面沉积Ag/ZnO薄膜后,其明度最小,颜色较暗;以非织造布为基材的试样其防紫外线性能及电磁屏蔽效果最明显。     

沉积铝纳米结构薄膜非织造布的制备和导电性

采用磁控溅射技术在涤纶纺粘非织造布表面制备了铝纳米结构薄膜。运用扫描电镜和原子力显微镜对溅镀后的非织造布表面形貌进行了分析,并对其导电特性进行了测试。结果表明经过溅镀的非织造布仍保持良好的纤维网络结构和孔隙特征;随着沉积时间的延长,非织造布表面铝纳米结构薄膜的致密性、均匀性越来越好,并呈连续覆盖纤维表面的状态,导电性能逐渐提高;当镀层厚度达到100nm时,非织造布电阻为4～6Ω/cm,导电性达到最好。     

氩气压强对涤纶织物表面溅射银膜特性的影响

 以涤纶纺粘非织造布和平纹布为基底,高纯银为靶材,采用射频磁控溅射法制备纳米银薄膜,研究真空室氩气压强对纳米银膜表面形貌、样品透光性能和导电性能影响。结果表明: 以涤纶纺粘非织造布为基底,氩气压强为0.3Pa时,银膜表面粗糙度和颗粒尺寸最大,团聚生长最明显,而压强为0.6Pa时,银膜导电性能最佳;以涤纶平纹布为基底,氩气压强为0.6Pa时,银膜表面粗糙度和颗粒尺寸最大,团聚生长最明显,而压强为0.3Pa时,银膜导电性能最佳;沉积纳米银膜的样品对紫外光有较强的吸收能力,氩气压强的变化对样品屏蔽紫外线效果不明显。     

丙纶表面沉积纳米薄膜的原子力显微镜分析

采用低温磁控溅射技术在丙纶(熔喷法非织造布)表面沉积铝、氧化锌和聚四氟乙烯纳米薄膜,用原子力显微镜观察纤维基材及三种纳米薄膜沉积在纤维表面的微观结构,为进一步对聚合物纤维材料磁控溅射功能化加工的工艺参数优化调整,以及对沉积材料在纤维表面的结合机理的研究提供理论依据。通过对原子力显微镜图像分析发现,丙纶(熔喷法非织造布)表面比较平滑,而丙纶长丝的表面则成一定的周期性条纹状结构;低温磁控溅射技术在丙纶(熔喷法非织造布)表面构建的功能性纳米薄膜随着沉积材料的不同,其在纤维表面的聚集形态不同。铝和氧化锌在纤维表面形成纳米颗粒状结构,而高分子材料聚四氟乙烯则形成纳米条带状形貌。分析和测量了金属颗粒和聚四氟乙烯条带的尺寸。     

涤纶基材表面银/铜薄膜制备及其性能

为探索涤纶基Ag/Cu薄膜结构及性能,采用直流和射频共溅法,以不同组织结构纯涤纶织物为基材,金属银和铜为靶材,制备纳米薄膜。借助场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、光电子能谱仪、织物感应式静电仪、纺织品防紫外线性能测试仪和电磁防辐射性能测试仪对试样表面薄膜形貌及结构、抗静电、防紫外线、电磁屏蔽性能进行表征。结果表明:非织造布表面薄膜均匀连续,机织布表面纳米颗粒直径较小,针织布表面颗粒分布较为连续,但仍然存在部分岛状颗粒;试样表面Cu(111)、Cu(200)、Ag(111)和Ag(200)衍射峰均不明显,结晶度低;纳米薄膜没有被氧化,以单质形式存在;以非织造布为基材的试样其抗静电、抗紫外线、电磁屏蔽性能最优,针织布最差。     

磁控溅射镀银非织造布电磁屏蔽效能

以PET纺粘非织造布为基材,用磁控溅射真空镀膜技术在基材上沉积不同厚度的纳米结构银薄膜,采用X射线能谱分析方法分析了镀膜织物表面的元素性质以及元素成分随薄膜厚度变化的情况,并参照ASTM D4935-99测试了它们的电磁屏蔽效能.结果显示,当薄膜厚度大于50 nm时,才能在基材表面形成连续态,织物表面基本被银原子覆盖;沉积有银膜的非织造布获得了一定的抗电磁辐射性能,而且随着薄膜厚度的增大,非织造布对各个波段电磁波的屏蔽效能随之增大,薄膜厚度达到100 nm时,其SE值达到了28dB左右,获得了较好的屏蔽效能.     

非织造布表面光电功能纳米结构材料的开发

纳米技术在纺织上有着许多重要的应用。文章阐述了纳米、纳米结构、纳米功能薄膜材料等概念，重点评述了纳米金属氧化物光电功能薄膜、非织造布表面功能化材料的研究现状，提出了运用低温等离子磁控溅射表面沉积技术在非织造布表面构建光电功能纳米结构材料的设想，并展望了它的前景。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press