新型低碱活性染料染色工艺研究

针对活性染料常规染棉织物工艺中纯碱用量过多的问题,采用新型的低碱活性染料对棉织物进行染色。分析了工艺参数如盐、碱及温度等对K/S值的影响,得到了低碱活性染料染棉织物较佳工艺:染料1%(owf)时,纯碱1.5g/L,元明粉70g/L,80℃固色40min,浴比1∶25;染料5%(owf)时,纯碱3g/L,元明粉80g/L,80℃固色60min,浴比1∶25。低碱活性染料染色所需纯碱用量少,仅为传统活性染料染色时纯碱用量的1/10左右,染色织物得色量高,且染色工艺简单。     

低碱活性染料染色研究

常规的活性染色工艺碱消耗量大,易造成染色不匀,资源浪费严重。采用新型低碱活性染料对棉织物进行高温(80℃)低碱染色是一个重要的解决途径。低碱活性染料的最佳工艺为:染料用量2.5%(o.w.f)、水比1∶4.5时,纯碱2.5g/L,元明粉70g/L,80℃固色30min。低碱活性染料染色所需纯碱用量少,仅为传统染料染色时纯碱用量的1/8左右,染色工艺简单,省水省时节约资源。     

纯棉织物福来隆WH型活性染料浸染工艺

福来隆WH型活性染料是在双活性基团活性染料的基础上优化改进的一类活性染料,其反应性好,固色率高.文中对这类染料浸染工艺的上染率,染色工艺参数[如染色、固色温度和时间、电解质(元明粉)],碱剂用量和浴比等进行试验.结果表明,福来隆WH型活性染料具有良好的拼色配伍性,当元明粉用量40-60 g/L,纯碱用量10-20 g/L,浴比l:10-1:30,60℃染色30 min,80℃固色40-60 min,染品可获得很深的色泽.在实际生产中,上染和固色常采用60℃恒温工艺,以便工艺控制.     

菠萝纤维/棉混纺针织物的低盐低碱染色

采用双活性基活性染料诺威克隆蓝FN-R对阳离子改性菠萝纤维/棉混纺针织物进行染色,讨论了染色工艺中元明粉和纯碱用量,染色温度和时间对织物上染率和K/S值的影响。优化的染色工艺为:元明粉10 g/L,纯碱9 g/L,染色温度65℃,时间70 min。结果表明,活性染料对阳离子改性菠萝纤维/棉混纺针织物进行染色,可以在低盐低碱条件下达到较好的染色效果。     

安诺素L型活性染料低温染色应用研究

介绍了一种低温型活性染料——安诺素L型活性染料,其可使用混合碱(纯碱5 g/L+片碱1 g/L)、元明粉60 g/L,在40℃条件下进行固色,保温时间90 min,浴比1∶10,所得染色试样色牢度较高,由于固色温度低从而省去了升降温时间,因此,总的染色时间未延长;固色温度、固色剂、元明粉、保温时间等因素对其上染率的影响显示,该系列染料三原色对工艺宽容性较强,具有高度一致的同步上色性;与常规中温型活性染料相比,在试样染色深度大致相同时,安诺素L型活性染料用量及其他试剂用量较少,印染废水处理难度相应降低,蒸汽等能源消耗减少。     

大豆纤维棉针织布的染整工艺探讨

针对大豆纤维的特性,对大豆纤维棉针织物进行染整工艺试验。探讨双氧水、碱剂、温度及水质对前处理的影响;通过筛选染料、选择助剂及用量,对染色工艺进行优化。经过大生产实践,总结出大豆纤维棉针织物大生产工艺条件,前处理:H2O230g/L,纯碱2g/L,温度90℃;染色:采用活性染料,元明粉80g/L,纯碱25g/L;后整理:温度控制在120℃以下。     

菠萝纤维与棉混纺针织物活性染料染色研究

采用汽巴克隆FN双活性基活性染料对菠萝纤维与棉混纺针织物进行染色,测试并分析了染色温度、元明粉用量和纯碱用量等因素对染色织物K/S值和上染率的影响,同时测试了菠萝纤维与棉混纺针织物的染色牢度。结果表明,菠萝纤维与棉混纺针织物FN型双活性基活性染料染色的最佳工艺条件为:元明粉用量为40 g/L、纯碱用量为12 g/L、染色温度60℃、染色时间50 min、固色温度80℃、固色时间为30 min;染色后菠萝纤维与棉混纺针织物具有较好的耐摩擦色牢度、耐皂洗色牢度和耐水洗色牢度。     

纯棉针织物的活性冷轧堆染色

采用活性染料雅格素CBM对纯棉针织物进行冷轧堆染色,分析了碱剂、尿素、元明粉、堆置温度和时间对棉针织物染色深度的影响,测试了染色织物的色牢度.活性染料雅格素CBM三原色冷堆法染色棉针织物的优化工艺条件为:50 g/L纯碱与6 g/L烧碱组成混合碱剂,尿素20 g/L,元明粉40 g/L,轧余率80％左右,35℃堆置20h;染色后,织物的干摩擦牢度达到4～5级,湿摩擦牢度4级,皂洗牢度4～5级.     

智能调温纤维的染色性能研究

概述了智能调温黏胶纤维的特点,比较了3种活性染料用于智能调温纤维与普通黏胶纤维染色性能的差异,分析了元明粉用量、纯碱用量和染色温度等3个工艺因素对智能调温黏胶纤维染色的影响,最终确定了3种活性染料对智能调温黏胶纤维的最佳染色工艺条件,即活性大红B-2BF、活性嫩黄B-6GLN染智能调温纤维的最佳条件是温度50℃、元明粉40 g/L、纯碱10 g/L;而活性翠蓝B-BXF染智能调温纤维的最佳条件是温度为60℃、元明粉50 g/L、纯碱20 g/L。测试并分析了染色前后智能调温纤维的相变焓的变化情况,得出纤维功能性稍有损伤,但损伤不大,从而证明最佳工艺是适用的。     

粘胶/棉双面织物染色工艺研究

采用活性染料对粘胶/棉双面织物进行染色,主要分析了元明粉用量、纯碱用量、温度、时间、浴比对染色同色性的影响。结果表明:元明粉用量为20 g/L,纯碱用量为20 g/L,染色温度为60℃,固色时间为45 min,浴比为1︰15时,粘胶/棉双面织物的染色同色性最好。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the