气味指纹分析技术在我国食品品质评价中的应用与研究

气味指纹分析技术作为一种嗅觉传感器技术,以其客观性、可靠性和重现性等优点在食品分析中得到广泛应用。本文对气味指纹分析技术的原理以及在我国食品品质评价中的应用研究进行综述,为加快国内气味指纹分析技术的发展提供一定的借鉴。     

气味指纹技术在肉品品质及安全检测中的应用

气味指纹技术是借助色谱、质谱以及传感器等技术手段,结合多元统计分析方法,对挥发性化合物进行分析用以表征样品信息的技术。近年来在食品中的应用领域越来越活跃,本文简要介绍气味指纹技术(odor fingerprint technique),主要包括电子鼻技术、气质联用技术及其数据处理方法,综述其在肉品品质及安全检测中的应用,具体阐述其在肉品新鲜度、风味和微生物检测中的应用。同时展望气味指纹技术在肉品品质及安全检测中的存在问题及发展前景,为更好应用该技术对肉品质量安全控制提供参考。     

气味指纹技术在水产品品质评价中的应用研究进展

气味指纹技术是一种将气体传感设备与多元统计方法相结合,用于分析食品中挥发性风味物质,表征样品信息,并对产品品质予以判断的检测技术。该技术具有无损检测、快速简便、灵活准确、结果客观等优点,现已广泛应用于水产品品质的分析检测中。该文在比较传统水产品品质评价方法主要优缺点的基础上,综述了电子鼻、电子舌、气相色谱-质谱联用等技术在水产品新鲜度鉴别、货架期预测与品质评价中的应用研究进展。文中提出将不同检测技术联合使用以克服单一检测分析的不足之处,阐明将气味指纹技术结合新型智能技术,利用其分析结果对水产品挥发性成分予以调控,提升其综合品质,扩大该技术在水产品品质评价领域中的推广应用。     

指纹分析技术及其在食品中的应用

指纹分析技术是一类基于样品的某种品质特征,以指纹分析方法(如DNA指纹图谱、代谢指纹图谱、同位素指纹图谱、气味指纹图谱、光谱指纹图谱等)为手段,获得系列特征性数据资料,建立模型,最终进行统计和分类的一种技术,以快速、准确、灵敏等优点成为食品检测技术研究的热点和未来发展趋势。文章综述各类指纹分析技术的原理、应用及发展趋势,重点概述在食品溯源、食品品质检测、食品加工中化学和微生物变化中的应用,以期为今后的相关研究提供借鉴。     

基于电子鼻的气味指纹技术在有害微生物检测中的应用

气味指纹技术是借助气体传感器等气体吸附手段,对挥发性气味物质进行分析处理的技术.随着嗅觉传感器技术的不断发展,气味指纹技术得到了广泛的研究与应用.本文介绍了基于电子鼻的气味指纹技术在临床诊断、环境监测、食品分析领域有害微生物检测的实例,展望了其应用前景,为以后更好的利用气味指纹技术研究有害微生物提供了理论依据.     

基于气味指纹技术的牛奶香精鉴别研究

奶味香精是现代食品工业非常重要且应用非常广泛的添加剂之一,不同类型牛奶香精的气味差异仅靠色谱技术和人工感官鉴别比较困难。为了建立奶味香精的气味指纹分析鉴别方法,本文以天然牛奶香精、复配牛奶香精、酶解奶油香精和实验室制牛奶香精为样品,分析了样品的挥发性化合物组成和气味指纹信息,比较了市面上常见几种奶味香精的气味差异,建立了基于气味指纹技术的奶味香精香料的鉴别研究方法。研究结果表明:气味指纹技术能准确区分和鉴别奶味香精的气味差别,识别效果显著。天然牛奶香精与实验室制牛奶香精在主要特征风味物质方面的相似度较高,复配牛奶香精的整体气味则和其他样品差异较大,分析数据表明天然牛奶香精的香味可能是酶解奶油产物经过进一步处理和修饰得到的。     

指纹技术在食品工业中应用

随着食品安全问题日益突出,各种针对食品品质检测新型技术应用而生。指纹技术作为一种新型集合生物技术与高新检测手段于一体技术已开始应用于食品品质监督和检测。该技术在我国仍处初期阶段;但指纹技术以其快速、准确、灵敏优点成为食品检测技术研究热点和发展趋势。该文主要从食品微生物分离和鉴定、产品溯源、食品货架期预测,食品品质检测等四个方面论述指纹技术在食品行业中应用。     

指纹图谱在食品分析中的应用研究进展

指纹图谱技术是基于样品的某种特性,采用现代分析手段得到能够代表该样品特征的色谱、光谱以及其它图谱数据资料,从而进行成分鉴定及质量控制的一种可量化手段,具有快速、灵敏、方便等优点,不仅广泛应用于中药行业,在食品来源、品质检测和真伪鉴别方面也具有巨大的应用潜力。指纹图谱常用的技术手段有高效液相色谱法、气相色谱法、毛细管电泳法等色谱法,紫外光谱、红外光谱、荧光光谱等光谱法以及生物指纹图谱和非线性化学指纹图谱等,分析方法主要有化学模式识别和其它相似度评价方法。本文主要介绍了指纹图谱常用的技术手段和分析方法,综述了化学指纹图谱、生物指纹图谱和非线性化学指纹图谱等技术手段在食品产地与种类鉴别、掺假鉴别、名优产品的鉴别、批次一致性评价及品种选育等众多领域中的应用,同时对食品指纹图谱在未来的发展进行展望。     

气味指纹图谱技术在肉类产品中的应用研究进展

研究综述了气味指纹图谱技术的概念、特点、构建指纹图谱的主要步骤,以及气味指纹图谱技术在肉类产品溯源与品种鉴定、工艺控制、贮藏期、质量控制领域的应用,并对气味指纹图谱技术在肉类产品应用中的研究方向和发展前景进行了展望。     

基于气味指纹分析的八角茴香与莽草鉴别研究

八角茴香与莽草同为木兰科植物的果实,其在性状上极其相似,难以区分。莽草具有一定的毒性,被掺到八角茴香中难以辨别。作为常用香料,八角茴香气味浓郁且独特,而莽草具有不同于八角茴香的特异芳香气。因此,气味鉴别是八角茴香与莽草区分的常用方法。研究以气味鉴别为切入点,采用气味指纹分析技术,对八角茴香与莽草的气味进行检测,依据获得的气味指纹信息,结合化学计量学方法对八角与莽草进行快速鉴别。结果表明:八角茴香与莽草在气味特征上存在明显差异,统计质量控制分析(SQC)与软独立建模分析(SIMCA)模型能够实现八角茴香与莽草的区分;主成分分析(PCA)可明显区分八角茴香与莽草;判别因子分析(DFA)模型累积方差总贡献率为100%,正确判别率不小于99%。本研究采用气味指纹分析技术可反映出八角茴香及莽草的气味特征差异,并与化学计量学方法相结合,实现了八角茴香与莽草的快速鉴别。     

ADSA Foundation Scholar Award: defining dairy flavors

Production and consumption of dairy foods continue to increase annually. Further, new ingredient applications for dairy foods continue to expand. With continued production and consumption, there is also increased competition. Increased competition exists regionally, nationally, and globally. Processors as well as product developers must find ways to maximize existing markets and expand into new markets. A consistent high quality product is necessary to maintain competitiveness. Although microbial safety and stability are key ways to define quality, flavor is one method of defining quality that is often assumed or overlooked. The aggressive and competitive nature of today's market demands more precise and powerful tools for defining flavor and flavor quality. Traditional as well as more recent methods for evaluating dairy flavor are reviewed. The application of defining sensory flavors to fundamental research on flavor chemistry, product understanding, and effective marketing is addressed.     

A systematic review on the flavor of soy-based fermented foods: Core fermentation microbiome,multisensory flavor substances,key enzymes,and metabolic pathways

The characteristic flavor of fermented foods has an important impact on the purchasing decisions of consumers, and its production mechanisms are a concern for scientists worldwide. The perception of food flavor is a complex process involving olfaction, taste, vision, and oral touch, with various senses contributing to specific properties of the flavor. Soy-based fermented products are popular because of their unique flavors, especially in Asian countries, where they occupy an important place in the dietary structure. Microorganisms, known as the souls of fermented foods, can influence the sensory properties of soy-based fermented foods through various metabolic pathways, and are closely related to the formation of multisensory properties. Therefore, this review systematically summarizes the core microbiome and its interactions that play an active role in representative soy-based fermented foods, such as fermented soymilk, soy sauce, soybean paste, sufu, and douchi. The mechanism of action of the core microbial community on multisensory flavor quality is revealed here. Revealing the fermentation core microbiome and related enzymes provides important guidance for the development of flavor-enhancement strategies and related genetically engineered bacteria.     

Color as a factor in food choice

From birth, nature teaches us to make judgements on our environment based in large measure on color. As such, it plays a key role in food choice by influencing taste thresholds, sweetness perception, food preference, pleasantness, and acceptability. Its role is elusive and difficult to quantify, however, which at times has placed color in a secondary role to the other sensory characteristics, a position not entirely consistent with the facts. Color, in a quantitative sense, has been shown to be able to replace sugar and still maintain sweetness perception in flavored foods. It interferes with judgments of flavor intensity and identification and in so doing has been shown to dramatically influence the pleasantness and acceptability of foods. Studies in the literature have used cross‐sectional population panels to study these effects, but a recent investigation of color‐sensory interactions in beverages has compared the response of a college age group with the response of a panel consisting of a more mature population. Interestingly, the older group showed significant differences from the college age group in their response to the effects of color on several sensory parameters as well as showing a direct correlation between beverage consumption and color. Color is often taken for granted, but this position must be reevaluated in view of such studies and the need to create more appealing foods for different segments of our society.     

传统发酵食品中微生物多样性与风味形成之间关系及机制的研究进展

传统发酵食品在发酵过程中微生物群落结构复杂多变,风味物质代谢途径多样。微生物被誉为发酵食品的“灵魂”,能够通过多种代谢途径影响发酵食品的感官、营养和功能特性,与风味的形成紧密相关。解析微生物与风味化合物间的作用关系,有利于探明潜在风味功能菌群和控制发酵食品风味特性。本文重点综述了白酒、发酵醋、发酵蔬菜和发酵畜产品等传统发酵食品中微生物多样性与风味形成之间的相关性,简要阐述了核心微生物的风味代谢机制,以期为传统发酵食品的品质提升提供参考。     

香气对饱腹感和味觉影响的研究进展

风味是口腔中产生的味觉、鼻腔中产生的嗅觉和三叉神经感觉的综合感官印象,主要包括食品的香气和滋味。风味物质大多为非营养性物质,不参与人体代谢。风味是构成食品质量的重要因素之一,在消费者选择食物中起着非常重要的作用。本文综述了香气对饱腹感和味觉影响的研究进展,介绍了香气技术应用中存在的问题并展望了相关研究在食品包括新型保健食品开发中的应用前景。     

Effects of High-Pressure CO2 Processing on Flavor,Texture, and Color of Foods

High-pressure CO₂ (HPCD) is a pasteurization method that inactivates microorganism and enzymes through molecular effects of CO₂ under pressures below 50 MPa without exposing foods to adverse effects of heat. Thermal pasteurization can impart undesirable changes on organoleptic and nutritional quality of the foods, which can reduce sensory perception and consumer acceptance of the foods. As a novel nonthermal processing technique, HPCD does avoid drawbacks such as loss of flavor, denaturation of nutrients, production of side toxic reactions, as well as changes in physical, mechanical, and optical properties of the food materials involved in the processing. This review gives a survey and analysis of recent publications regarding the effects of HPCD on the flavor, texture and color of processed foods, and possible mechanisms explaining HPCD technique on the flavor, texture, and color of the foods were discussed.     

香辛料中植物化学物对肉制品品质及健康功效影响研究进展

香辛料是肉类食品加工过程中常用的一种辅料,其在改善食品风味、抑菌防腐以及延长食品保质期方面的能力得到了广泛的认可。香辛料中的植物化学物种类丰富,在食品加工以及贮藏过程中,可能与肉制品中的营养成分以及风味成分发生相互作用,从而改善食品的营养品质以及风味特性。同时,大多数香辛料中的植物化学物具有一定的抗氧化、抗炎等作用,能够改善食品的生物活性,对人体起到一定的食疗保健作用。本文主要对香辛料中植物化学物对肉制品营养品质、感官品质、防腐保鲜以及健康功效的影响进行了总结,以期为后续探究香辛料中植物化学物在食品体系中的应用及相关作用机理提供参考。     

传统发酵食品营养保健功能与质量安全评价

传统发酵食品对人体有抗氧化、降血脂﹑提高免疫力、抑制肿瘤﹑延缓衰老﹑防止肠胃疾病等保健作用。由于世界传统发酵食品总体工业化水平不高,在产品的生产过程中,较多依赖人的经验与知识,产品质量不稳定,安全隐患较多。因此,传统发酵食品的安全控制十分重要。通过对传统发酵食品的分类﹑保健功能﹑安全风险及评价的文献回顾,提出了传统发酵食品质量安全性的评价与风险识别是控制食品质量安全的前提。现代微生物风险评估技术(microbiological risk assessment)是目前应用最广泛的评价手段之一。它通过目标陈述﹑危害识别﹑暴露评估﹑危害特征描述﹑风险特征描述5个阶段对微生物的安全性进行评价,为避免食品安全隐患,控制食品质量安全提供了有效且科学的方法。     

6类常见食品中含硫化合物风味特征及形成机理研究进展

挥发性含硫化合物广泛存在于多种食品中,具有阈值极低的特点,是对食品感官品质有重要贡献的特征风味组分,在形成食品独特风味特征中也起着至关重要的作用。不同种类的含硫化合物表现出的食品风味特征不尽相同,不同含量的含硫化合物对食品感官品质的影响也差异显著,因此,对感官风味受含硫化合物影响较大的6类常见食品中含硫化合物风味特征及其形成机理进行了研究。牛奶中主要含硫化合物是甲硫醇和二甲基三硫醚,通常表现为蒸煮味;2-甲基-3-呋喃硫醇是牛肉的关键含硫化合物,呈现为焙烤香和肉香;糠硫醇的焙烤香、3-巯基己烷-1-醇的果香是酒类中的关键风味组分;1,2,3,5,6-五硫杂环庚烷是呈现香菇独特气味的关键化合物;二丙基二硫醚、二甲基三硫醚和大蒜素分别为大葱、洋葱和大蒜风味形成的关键含硫化合物;二甲基硫醚和二甲基三硫醚是菜籽油呈现辛辣刺激风味的主要原因。含硫化合物主要是由含硫前体物质在微生物或酶的降解作用下形成,同时有些含硫化合物也产生于美拉德反应。通过对6类常见食品中含硫化合物的种类、对食品感官品质的影响及其形成机制进行全面介绍,总结常见食品中含硫化合物的风味及其对食品感官品质影响的一般规律,旨在为食品中含硫化合物形成机理及风味特征的进一步研究提供参考。     

Invited review: Sensory analysis of dairy foods

Sensory quality is the ultimate measure of product quality and success. Sensory analysis comprises a variety of powerful and sensitive tools to measure human responses to foods and other products. Selection of the appropriate test, test conditions, and data analysis result in reproducible, powerful, and relevant results. Appropriate application of these tests enables specific product and consumer insights and interpretation of volatile compound analyses to flavor perception. Trained-panel results differ from dairy judging and grading and one objective of this review is to clearly address and demonstrate the differences. Information on available sensory tests, when and how to use them, and the powerful results that can be obtained is presented.