添加剂对明胶-多糖共混凝胶特性的影响

研究以明胶、甘薯淀粉、海藻酸钠为材料,以凝胶强度、透明度、凝胶持水性为主要指标,考察NaCl、蔗糖和pH对明胶-多糖共混凝胶特性的影响。结果表明:(1)NaCl在浓度小于0.2mol/L时能提高明胶/甘薯淀粉体系的凝胶强度,但凝胶的持水率显著降低,且透明度略有降低。NaCl降低明胶/海藻酸钠体系的凝胶强度,且凝胶透明度也降低,但凝胶的持水率无变化。(2)蔗糖能提高明胶/甘薯淀粉体系的透明度,且蔗糖浓度低于5%能提高体系的凝胶强度。蔗糖降低明胶/海藻酸钠体系的凝胶强度,但蔗糖浓度低于7.5%能提高体系的透明度。高浓度的蔗糖导致两体系凝胶各项性能全面下降。(3)明胶/甘薯淀粉体系在pH小于5时,凝胶透明度随pH的提高而降低,在pH5时,透明度最低,此时的吸光度值最大为2.469,当pH大于5时,透明度又随pH的增加而提高;明胶/甘薯淀粉在pH为5时有最大凝胶强度和最大持水性。pH对明胶/海藻酸钠体系凝胶透明度的影响规律明显,酸性环境下的凝胶透明度显著低于中、碱性环境下的凝胶透明度;明胶/海藻酸钠在pH为5时有最大凝胶强度和最大持水性。pH、离子强度对凝胶强度的影响显著。     

海藻酸钙凝胶特性影响因素的探讨

实验研究了海藻酸钠浓度、pH、温度、溶涨时间、凝固剂、金属离子、乙醇以及海藻酸钠以其它食用胶的协同作用对海藻酸钙凝胶拉伸强度、弹性、脱水性等特性的影响。实验结果表明形成的海藻酸钙凝胶特性较好的条件是：海藻酸钠浓度为1．5％、pH为4－5,温度为50℃－60℃，溶胀时间为45min，采用乳酸钙、加入硫酸铝；另外，海藻酸钠与瓜尔豆胶、明胶、β－环状糊精、EDTA的协同增效作用有利于海藻酸钙凝胶的形成。     

海藻酸钙凝胶特性影响因素的探讨

实验研究了海藻酸钠浓度、pH、温度、溶涨时间、凝固剂、金属离子、乙醇以及海藻酸钠以其它食用胶的协同作用对海藻酸钙凝胶拉伸强度、弹性、脱水性等特性的影响。实验结果表明形成的海藻酸钙凝胶特性较好的条件是:海藻酸钠浓度为1.5％、pH为4—5,温度为50℃-60℃,溶胀时间为45min,采用乳酸钙、加入硫酸铝;另外,海藻酸钠与瓜尔豆胶、明胶、β-环状糊精、EDTA的协同增效作用有利于海藻酸钙凝胶的形成。     

乳清蛋白凝胶条件的研究

以乳清蛋白为研究对象，研究了乳清蛋白浓度、温度、加热时间、pH值、金属离子等因素对乳清蛋白凝胶形成的作用。结果显示，乳清蛋白形成凝胶的基本条件是乳清水溶液浓度大于0．133g／mL，温度高于85℃±2℃，当温度在85℃±2℃～90℃±2℃之间，凝胶形成时间随乳清蛋白浓度变大而减少，在沸水中乳清蛋白浓度对凝胶形成时间影响不大，在19min左右；酸性条件下乳清蛋白形成凝胶的最适pH为5．3，pH小于1．2在沸水中加热30min，乳清蛋白形成碎块状凝胶，碱性条件下形成凝胶的最适pH为8．3，pH大于12．8在沸水中加热30min，乳清蛋白变为红色；钙离子的添加可使乳清蛋白形成凝胶所需时间减少到6min。     

两种海藻酸钠基凝胶的溶胀和质构性能

壳聚糖、果胶和海藻酸钠是天然多糖,具有良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性等优点。以CaCl_2为交联剂制备壳聚糖-海藻酸钠水凝胶和果胶-海藻酸钠水凝胶,研究Ca Cl2浓度、多糖质量比(壳聚糖与海藻酸钠、果胶与海藻酸钠)和交联温度对水凝胶在模拟人体胃肠道环境(pH 1.2胃、pH 6.8小肠、pH 7.4结肠缓冲溶液)中溶胀性能的影响。当壳聚糖或果胶和海藻酸钠质量比为1.25∶1、CaCl_2浓度为0.09 mol/L、温度为60℃时,制备的水凝胶在pH 1.2溶液中溶胀率最小,在pH 6.8和pH 7.4溶液中溶胀率较大;结果表明所制备水凝胶具有pH值敏感性。此外,在优化条件下水凝胶具有较好的质构性能。     

水-酶连续提取百合非淀粉多糖工艺研究

研究了热水和果胶酶连续提取百合鳞茎中非淀粉多糖的工艺条件.首先利用Box-Behnken实验设计及响应面分析确定热水提取百合非淀粉多糖的条件;再经单因素实验与正交实验优化果胶酶提取水提百合渣中非淀粉多糖的工艺参数.结果表明,水-果胶酶连续提取百合非淀粉多糖的最佳工艺条件为:温度62℃、液料比19∶1,水提4h后,剩余残渣中加入果胶酶(酶添加量1800U/g)于温度30℃、pH5.5的条件下酶解20min.在此条件下,百合非淀粉多糖的得率为8.63％.     

明胶的凝胶特性及多糖对明胶凝胶特性的影响

本文研究了浓度、pH值、蔗糖、氯化钙、氯化钠对明胶凝胶强度的影响,以及多糖对明胶凝胶特性的影响。结果表明,明胶凝胶强度随明胶浓度的增加而增强;pH值影响明胶的凝胶强度,分别在pH值2和10时取得最大值。蔗糖浓度低于1%时,明胶的凝胶强度随蔗糖浓度增加而增加,当蔗糖浓度高于1%时,明胶的凝胶强度随浓度的增高而下降。明胶的凝胶强度随氯化钠浓度增加而减小,随氯化钙浓度增大而增大。添加卡拉胶、CMC或海藻酸钠等多糖能改善明胶的凝胶特性,提高其凝胶强度。     

酶解谷朊粉-马铃薯淀粉复合体系凝胶特性及其微观结构研究

研究以酶解谷朊粉改善马铃薯淀粉凝胶的胶黏性为目的的复合凝胶形成条件及特性,确定了该复合凝胶的最佳成胶条件为:pH7、谷朊粉酶解物质量浓度100 mg/ml,马铃薯淀粉质量浓度200 mg/ml,硫酸钙质量分数2%,加热温度70℃,加热时间30 min。形成的复合凝胶硬度、弹性适宜,胶黏性明显提高。进一步采用扫描电镜和DSC对复合凝胶的微观结构进行观察,复合体系能够形成稳定的层状结构,结构致密,分子间连接紧密,玻璃转化温度提高。     

不同因素对茶多糖凝胶特性的影响

采用质构仪测定不同质量浓度、加热温度、保温及放置时间、pH值、钙离子浓度等对茶多糖的凝胶强度、胶黏性、咀嚼性、弹性、内聚性等的影响。结果表明：能形成茶多糖凝胶的条件是茶多糖质量浓度不低于5mg/mL、保温温度不低于50℃;茶多糖凝胶强度与质量浓度、加热温度成正比,放置时间过长、酸性或碱性过强都会降低其凝胶强度,钙离子对茶多糖凝胶的形成没有促进作用。     

大豆分离蛋白凝胶制备和凝胶质构特性研究

本研究以大豆分离蛋白为原料，考察蛋白质浓度、pH值、加热温度、加热时间对凝胶形成的影响，采用物性仪对不同务件下制备的凝胶的质构特性进行研究，不同评价指标得出的结论不尽相同。通过正交实验得出形成凝胶硬度最大的制备条件为：蛋白浓度12％，pH值6．5，加热温度95℃，加热时间35min；形成凝胶脆性最大的制备凝胶争件为：蛋白浓度12％，pH值7．0，加热温度95℃，加热时间25min；形成凝胶弹性最好的制备凝胶务件为：蛋白浓度12％，pH值7．0，加热温度85℃，加热时间35min；形成凝胶粘附性最大的制备凝胶条件为：蛋白浓度12％，pH值7．0，加热温度95℃，加热时间35min。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press