益智仁提取物在芒果保鲜中的应用研究

芒果是典型的热带上等水果,深受人们喜爱,但易腐败变质,需要进一步提高其保鲜质量;而益智仁提取物具有抗氧化及抗菌作用,可作为天然保鲜剂进行开发利用。以益智仁提取物、海藻酸钠为主要原料制备涂膜剂对芒果进行保鲜实验,同时做空白实验和壳聚糖涂膜阳性对照,分别测定各组芒果的感官指标和生理指标,比较其保鲜效果。结果表明,益智仁提取物-海藻酸钠复合涂膜剂的综合保鲜效果优于壳聚糖对照组和空白组。经复合涂膜处理,芒果在室温条件下可保鲜10 d,总失重率为12.85%,能够显著抑制芒果果皮转黄和果实腐烂,减少水分散失,保持较高的果实品质和Vc含量。     

草莓复合涂膜保鲜效果的研究

以草莓为实验原料,采用魔芋精粉、丁香提取物和氯化钙复合涂膜方法对草莓进行涂膜保鲜实验。选择失重率和Vc含量为指标,以单因素实验和正交实验优化保鲜膜配方,结果表明,常温下,魔芋精粉浓度0.5%、丁香提取物浓度2.0%、氯化钙浓度1.2%的复合涂膜剂对草莓的保鲜效果最好,有效地延长了保质期。该最佳配比的复合涂膜剂在低温下对草莓的保鲜效果比在室温下更显著,相关指标明显优于室温下的涂膜组。     

可食性涂膜保鲜虾的品质控制研究

以海藻酸钠和壳聚糖为涂膜剂对鲜虾及虾仁进行涂膜处理,然后分别进行冷藏及冷冻保鲜.通过测定解冻汁液流失、煮汁损失、干耗率及质构变化,研究在不同贮藏条件下采用可食性涂膜保鲜虾在品质控制方面的作用.实验结果表明:可食性涂膜保鲜能显著减少解冻汁液流失、降低煮汁损失及干耗率,并且能保持较好的硬度和弹性.壳聚糖复合涂膜的保鲜效果优于海藻酸钠的保鲜效果.     

Harpin处理结合羧甲基壳聚糖/海藻酸钠复合涂膜对哈密瓜保鲜效果的影响

为了探讨采后Harpin诱导处理结合羧甲基壳聚糖、海藻酸钠复合涂膜相对于单独的复合涂膜对哈密瓜的保鲜效果是否有提高,在常温条件下(19±2℃),用浓度为90 mg/L的Harpin浸泡哈密瓜3 min,再用0.5%羧甲基壳聚糖,1%海藻酸钠,0.5%甘油,0.6%吐温80和0.5%肉桂醛复配而成的复合涂膜剂涂膜处理.以仅复合涂膜处理的哈密瓜做对比;以不处理组作空白对照。通过测定哈密瓜的维生素C,硬度,过氧化物酶(POD),丙二醛(MDA),以及霉菌和酵母菌总数,电子鼻等指标对哈密瓜进行品质评价。试验结果表明,与复合涂膜组相比,Harpin诱导结合复合涂膜处理能够减少Vc流失,保持果实硬度,有效的抑制MDA含量升高,且使哈密瓜气味产生变化,但对POD活性的提高效果以及对果肉中霉菌和酵母菌含量的抑制效果并不显著(P0.05)。Harpin诱导结合复合涂膜比仅用涂膜处理保鲜效果更好,能延迟哈密瓜的贮藏期。     

燕麦β-葡聚糖-大豆分离蛋白涂膜对芒果保鲜研究

以燕麦β-葡聚糖,大豆分离蛋白为主要原料制备涂膜剂,在常温(温度为20℃~22℃,湿度为80%~85%)下对芒果进行保鲜实验,同时做空白试验对照。试验结果表明燕麦β-葡聚糖-大豆分离蛋白复合涂膜剂具有保鲜效果,其中2∶1混合体系保鲜效果最佳,在常温条件下贮藏35d,失重率为4.17%,好果率为89.9%,可溶性果胶含量为0.4993%,维生素C18.87mg/100g,可溶性固形物含量为16.91%,可滴定酸含量仍有0.43%,呼吸高峰1周后才出现,总糖高峰21d时出现。     

壳聚糖/纳米TiO_2复合涂膜对芒果保鲜效果的影响

研究用壳聚糖单一涂膜及壳聚糖/纳米TiO_2复合涂膜对芒果保鲜效果的影响,并对不同纳米TiO_2添加量的复合膜进行微观形态观察。结果表明,当壳聚糖/纳米TiO_2复合膜中壳聚糖质量分数为1%,纳米TiO_2质量分数为0.03%时,涂膜处理可以保持芒果果实硬度、V_C及可滴定酸含量,延缓果胶的降解速度,保持细胞膜的功能活性。在贮藏第20 d时,芒果转黄指数为58.16%,失重率为6.72%,说明壳聚糖/纳米TiO_2复合涂膜对芒果在13℃贮藏条件下起到了较好的保鲜作用。     

可食性壳聚糖复合涂膜对干豆腐货架期的影响

壳聚糖是一种理想的防腐涂层材料,主要探索可食性壳聚糖复合涂膜的最适配方,以及可食性壳聚糖复合涂膜延长干豆腐货架期的效果。采用可食性壳聚糖涂膜剂对干豆腐进行保鲜处理,通过单因素试验和正交试验对干豆腐涂膜进行配方和工艺的优化。在常温下以干豆腐样品的感官评价、菌落总数为衡量指标,确定干豆腐涂膜的保鲜效果。通过正交试验设计和验证试验确定干豆腐最佳涂膜保鲜配方和工艺:壳聚糖添加量为1.6%、柠檬酸添加量为1.5%、乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)添加量为0.04%、氯化钙添加量为0.8%、甘油添加量为1.0%,在80℃下涂膜2 min,并对涂膜处理后的干豆腐进行保鲜密封包装。在常温条件下,普通包装保质期达到4 d。     

羧甲基壳聚糖/海藻酸钠共混膜对哈密瓜保鲜效果的影响

为了探讨羧甲基壳聚糖/海藻酸钠共混涂膜对哈密瓜常温贮藏(23℃)期间的保鲜效果,分别将羧甲基壳聚糖、海藻酸钠以及羧甲基壳聚糖和海藻酸钠共混物与肉桂醛复配,制成3种复合涂膜保鲜剂对哈密瓜进行涂膜处理。通过测定哈密瓜多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,失重率,可溶性固形物含量,以及口感、外观和香味等感官指标,对哈密瓜进行品质评价。结果表明:羧甲基壳聚糖/海藻酸钠共混涂膜处理能够降低失重率和PPO含量,同时维持较高的可溶性固形物含量、CAT含量和较好的感官评定结果,可见共混涂膜保鲜效果更佳。     

蛹虫草及其下脚料水提物联合壳聚糖涂膜对西葫芦保鲜效果的影响

为研究壳聚糖涂膜以及蛹虫草及其下脚料水提物对生鲜果蔬的保鲜作用，探究了质量分数为1%的壳聚糖（Chi）、蛹虫草水提物（CM）、蛹虫草下脚料提取物（SS）、壳聚糖复合蛹虫草水提物（Chi+CM）和蛹虫草水提物复合蛹虫草下脚料提取物（Chi+SS）5种涂膜剂的抗氧化活性和抑菌能力。结果发现Chi+CM复合涂膜剂的DPPH自由基清除能力较好。抑菌圈实验证明，壳聚糖与蛹虫草水提物结合可提高对革兰氏阳性菌的抑制能力。将5种涂膜剂应用于西葫芦后发现，在6 ℃条件下冷藏，蛹虫草水提物联合壳聚糖涂膜能减少西葫芦在储藏期间的质量损失，降低褐变以及延缓硬度下降，保持西葫芦的可溶性固形物和抗坏血酸含量，降低MDA含量及延缓POD和PPO酶活的上升，抑制微生物繁殖。     

壳聚糖复合涂膜常温保鲜草莓的研究

采用菌丝生长速率法筛选出对草莓采后主要病原菌抑制效果最佳的中草药复合物,并将其与涂膜剂壳聚糖、助剂抗坏血酸(VC)、抗氧化剂植酸复配成复合保鲜剂,通过正交实验确定了各组分的最佳浓度配比:复合中草药提取物0.3%(丁香、蛇床子、补骨脂的质量比为1:1:1)、壳聚糖1.25%、VC1.25%、植酸0.05%。草莓经此复合保鲜液处理后,显著降低了常温贮藏期间的失重率、腐烂率,延缓了可溶性固形物、VC和可滴定酸含量的下降,且各项保鲜指标均优于1.25%壳聚糖的单独涂膜处理。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the