高铁扣件用耐腐蚀弹簧钢的开发

通过对三种不同状态的弹簧钢60Si2Mn开展周期浸润腐蚀试验,并通过计算腐蚀失重率、观察锈层形貌、分析锈层物相组成与元素分布,研究了试验钢在模拟工业大气腐蚀环境中的耐蚀性能.结果表明,调质处理后的60Si2Mn钢比轧态60Si2Mn钢耐蚀性好,添加Cu与Ni元素的耐蚀钢的腐蚀速率均小于其相应的对比钢,且腐蚀速率随腐蚀时...     

Cr对低合金钢在流动NaCl溶液中耐蚀性的影响

对碳钢和Cr含量不同的实验钢在流速为0.8m/s的流动的3.5％(质量分数)NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为进行研究,最长腐蚀周期为192h.对4种实验钢的腐蚀失重进行了比较,并利用动电位极化曲线、SEM、EPMA和TEM等分析手段,对实验钢表面形成锈层的特征进行了系统研究.结果表明,含Cr实验钢的腐蚀失重低于碳钢,并且随Cr的质量分数由0.5％提高至2％,腐蚀失重亦降低.Cr元素在内锈层中的富集是含Cr钢耐蚀性改善的重要原因.这种富集可使腐蚀产物颗粒获得细小的尺寸,致密内锈层形成的原因就是由于这种尺寸细小的腐蚀产物的形成,使内锈层的保护性获得明显的改善.     

高氮耐候钢锈层的电化学与物相表征

为了考察氮元素对耐候钢耐腐蚀性能的影响,研究制备了氮质量分数分别为0.0358%和0.0026%的高氮耐候钢和低氮耐候钢。应用电化学阻抗谱和X射线衍射(XRD)分析、电子探针(EPMA)面扫描技术研究了两种实验钢在模拟工业大气溶液中腐蚀电化学过程和锈层结构的异同。电化学阻抗谱显示,高氮耐候钢在高频段(点蚀诱发期)比传统耐候钢有着更加优良的耐点蚀能力,低频段(扩散型阻抗生成期)则显示腐蚀产物层具有更高的阻抗,抵御腐蚀介质侵蚀的能力较强。X射线衍射和电子探针分析结果表明耐候钢高氮含量促进了稳定结构锈层生成,锈层中非晶态α-(Fe_1-xCr_x)OOH的分布更广泛、连续,提升了耐候钢抵御Cl^-侵入的能力。高氮钢腐蚀坑具有大宽深比的特征,内锈层较薄,证明其具有良好的抑制点蚀能力。     

超低碳高强度耐候钢腐蚀性能的研究

通过显微组织观察、周浸加速腐蚀试验、锈层微观分析、Χ射线衍射等方法,以商业CortenB钢为对比钢,研究了超低碳高强度耐候钢(ULCW)的腐蚀性能。结果表明:超低碳高强度耐候钢的耐腐蚀性能优于CortenB钢;ULCW钢在腐蚀过程中能快速形成致密锈层,提高了钢的耐腐蚀性能;ULCW钢锈层中保护性产物α-FeOOH的量明显多于CortenB钢,提高了对钢基体的保护作用。     

09CuPTiRE钢耐候性能及腐蚀过程研究

通过浸渍干湿循环加速腐蚀试验 ,采用失重法测量年蚀率 ,SEM观察腐蚀产物的表面形貌和断面形貌 ,XRD测定腐蚀产物的物相组成 ,电化学阻抗谱仪测定锈层的交流阻抗谱 ,研究了0 9CuPTiRE耐候钢与Q2 3 5、鞍钢耐候钢和日本耐候钢三种参比钢的耐候性能及腐蚀过程 .结果表明 :0 9CuPTiRE钢的耐候性能显著优于Q2 3 5钢 ;Q2 3 5钢锈层为一层网状、疏松且有大量纵向交错裂纹和孔洞的锈层 ,而 0 9CuPTiRE及另两种耐候钢的锈层分内外两层 ,外层与Q2 3 5钢锈层相似 ,内层均匀、连续、致密 ;Q2 3 5钢的腐蚀过程受活化控制 ,即受控于金属离子进入溶液的速度 ,而0 9CuPTiRE钢的腐蚀过程既受活化控制 ,由于保护锈层的存在还受氧的扩散控制 .     

一种耐候桥梁结构用钢板耐蚀性试验研究

采用周期浸润加速腐蚀试验测试手段,通过耐候桥梁结构用试验钢失重、点蚀分析以及其锈层形貌与成分构成研究,探究了其在实验室加速腐蚀条件下的腐蚀过程和腐蚀机理,建立了在所涉腐蚀试剂及腐蚀周期内的失重与点蚀演变动力学模型,提出了有利于耐蚀性提高的"降Mn+组织均匀化"成分设计与组织控制思路。     

耐候桥梁钢在模拟酸性大气环境中的腐蚀行为

通过干湿交替循环腐蚀实验,研究了河北某钢厂生产的耐候桥梁钢Q420qNH和传统低碳合金钢Q345B在模拟酸性大气环境中的腐蚀行为,并分析其腐蚀行为过程中的腐蚀增重、腐蚀锈层形貌、锈层成分变化及电化学腐蚀等参数。结果表明:添加少量合金元素Cu、Cr、Ni、Mo能明显增强桥梁钢Q420qNH钢的耐蚀性,同时随着腐蚀周期的增加逐渐形成锈层,锈层对钢的腐蚀过程有一定的抑制作用。带锈试样的电化学极化曲线分析结果表明,Q420qNH钢耐酸性大气腐蚀的能力优于普通钢Q345B。     

流动3.5%NaCl溶液中Cr对低合金钢锈层还原行为的影响

利用电化学极化曲线、EPMA、XRD以及XPS等方法,研究了3.5%(质量分数)NaCl流动溶液中碳钢及含Cr钢锈层的还原行为。试验结果表明,含Cr钢的腐蚀失重小于碳钢。随着腐蚀的进行,试验钢锈层中Fe~(3+)参与了阴极还原反应。Cr元素以Cr~(3+)的形式富集于试验钢内锈层中,提高了腐蚀过程中试验钢的自腐蚀电位,抑制了锈层中Fe~(3+)的还原,使内锈层中Fe_3O_4含量降低,降低了由于锈层还原造成的基体腐蚀。并且,锈层还原作用受到抑制降低了锈层的导电性,使锈层还原O_2的能力降低,进一步降低了基体的腐蚀。所以,在流动3.5%NaCl溶液中,Cr元素主要通过抑制电化学阴极反应改善试验钢的耐蚀性。     

一种高磷耐候钢的耐腐蚀性能试验研究

利用实验室加速腐蚀试验方法,对高磷耐候钢与Q345普通低合金钢在不同腐蚀时间后的年腐蚀速率及试样锈层形貌、腐蚀产物进行了对比分析,结果表明:两种试验钢试样基体表面均由最先形成的黑色氧化物Fe_3O_4非保护性结构继续氧化成为褐色Fe_2O_3,再继续生成非稳态的γ-FeOOH,并进一步向最终的稳定锈层组成物α-FeOOH转变。高磷耐候钢中Cu、P、Cr、Ni等耐蚀性合金元素在锈层的持续富集促使锈层中α-FeOOH的形成和含量增加,其锈层中的α-FeOOH含量在不同腐蚀周期内均比Q345低合金钢中的含量高;高磷耐候钢的年腐蚀速率随腐蚀时间延长基本稳定且呈下降趋势,低于Q345普通低合金钢。     

镧对低镍铬锰氮不锈钢组织和耐蚀性的影响

以加入镧的低镍铬锰氮不锈钢为研究对象,通过显微组织观察,分析了镧对低镍铬锰氮不锈钢显微组织的影响;采用交流阻抗和极化曲线分析技术,对实验钢在模拟海水环境下的电化学行为进行了研究。结果表明,当镧含量在0~0.0049%范围,镧对低镍铬锰氮不锈钢的显微组织有细化作用并能减少孪晶;在模拟海水腐蚀环境下,低镍铬锰氮不锈钢的耐蚀性不随镧含量的增加而一直增加,当镧的含量为0.0049%时试样的蚀性最好,当镧的含量达到0.014%时耐蚀性下降。     

经济型耐腐蚀钢中氧作用的研究

为了冶炼不同氧含量的碳素船体钢,通过机械性能试验和周浸试验研究了钢中氧含量对钢材腐蚀性能和机械性能的影响。结果表明,在连铸生产许可的氧范围内,随着钢水脱氧程度的减弱,钢中氧质量分数增加,钢材的平均腐蚀率略有下降,而耐点蚀性能有较明显增强,变化曲线的高氧端比低氧端平均点蚀深度下降约22.7%。弱脱氧钢的机械性能符合规范要求,可达到D级钢水平。分析认为,氧提高钢材耐蚀性的原因主要是固溶氧可提高铁的热力学稳定性,提高了蚀孔内铁的腐蚀电位,降低了蚀坑扩展速度。氧作为耐蚀元素应用可以显著降低耐蚀钢的成本,提高经济性。      

Effect of carbon content on the mechanical properties and weather resistance of high performance bridge steels

 The influence of carbon content on the mechanical properties of high yield strength bridge steel has been investigated. The results show that, the excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance were obtained for the steel with carbon content between 0.03 wt.%-0.05 wt.%. According to these results, a weathering bridge plate steel with 0.045 wt.% carbon content has been developed. The appropriate control cooling process has to be taken due to the results of CCT and TTT to ensure both microstructure and mechanical properties. Continuous cooling transformation (CCT) curve of the new developing steel presents that when accelerated cooled is faster than 5℃/s, the intermediate transformation products can be formed. The isothermal transformation test (TTT) displays that the intermediate transformation temperature range in 600℃~530℃. Yield strength of the new developing steels reached 500MPa, the elongation and toughness of which are both excellent.     

Studies on Nb Microalloying of 13Cr Super Martensitic Stainless Steel

The effect of Nb microalloying on microstructure, mechanical properties, and pitting corrosion properties of quenched and tempered 13?pct Cr-5?pct Ni-0.02?pct C martensitic stainless steels with different Mo and N contents was investigated. The microstructure, density, and dispersion of high-angle boundaries, nanoscale precipitates, and amount of retained austenite were characterized by using electron backscattered diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction to correlate with properties. The results show that the combined effects of lowering nitrogen content in 13?pct Cr-5?pct Ni-1~2?pct Mo-0.02?pct C steels to 0.01?wt pct, and adding 0.1?pct Nb are to decrease the amount of Cr-rich precipitates, as Nb preferentially combines with residual carbon and nitrogen to form carbonitrides, suppressing the formation of Cr₂N and Cr₂₃C₆. Austenite grain refinement can be achieved by Nb microalloying through proper heat treatment. If the nitrogen content is kept high, then Cr-rich precipitates would occur irrespective of microalloying addition. The NbN would also occur at high temperature, which will act as substrate for nucleation of coarse precipitates during subsequent tempering, impairing the toughness of the steel. It was shown that the addition of Nb to low interstitial super martensitic stainless steel retards the formation of reversed austenite and results in the formation of nanoscale precipitates (5 to 15?nm), which contribute to a significant increase in strength. More importantly, the pitting corrosion resistance was found to increase with Nb addition. This is attributed to suppression of Cr-rich precipitates, which can cause local depletion of Cr in the matrix and the initiation of pitting corrosion.     

Effect of vanadium on structure-property relations of dual phase fe/mn/si/0.1c steels

The role of vanadium on the structure-property relations of dual phase Fe/Mn/Si/0.1C steels has been investigated. After intercritical annealing at 800 °C, the steels with and without V were either iced brine quenched or air cooled. The steels were also solution treated at 900 °C and subsequently air cooled. Although V modified the resultant microstructure, especially the morphology of carbides, the corresponding mechanical properties are not significantly affected by the modified microstructures. It is concluded that V is not beneficial to these dual phase low carbon steels when they are rapidly quenched (1000 °C/s) or air cooled (3 °C/s) after intercritical annealing.     

Structure and mechanical and corrosion properties of new high-nitrogen Cr-Mn steels containing molybdenum

The structure, mechanical properties, and pitting corrosion of nickel-free high-nitrogen (0.8% N) austenitic 06Kh18AG19M2 and 07Kh16AG13M3 steels have been studied in various structural states obtained after hot deformation, quenching, and tempering at 300 and 500°C. Both steels are shown to be resistant to the ?? ?? ?? and ?? ?? ? martensite transformations irrespective of the decomposition of a ?? solid solution (06Kh18AG19M2 steel). Austenite of the steel with 19 wt % Mn shows lower resistance to recrystallization, which provides its higher plasticity (??₅) and fracture toughness at a lower strength as compared to the steel with 13 wt % Mn. Electrochemical studies of the steels tempered at 300 and 500°C show that they are in a stable passive state during tests in a 3.5% NaCl solution and have high pitting resistance up to a potential E _pf = 1.3?C1.4 V, which is higher than that in 12Kh18N10T steel. In the quenched state, the passive state is instable but pitting formation potentials E _pf retain their values. In all steels under study, pitting is shown to form predominantly along the grain boundaries of nonrecrystallized austenite. The lowest pitting resistance is demonstrated by the structure with a double grain boundary network that results from incomplete recrystallization at 1100°C and from the existence of initial and recrystallized austenite in the 07Kh16AG13M3 steel. To obtain a set of high mechanical and corrosion properties under given rolling conditions (1200?C1150°C), annealing of the steels at temperatures no less than 1150°C (for 1 h) with water quenching and tempering at 500°C for 2 h are recommended.     

Effects of Rolling and Cooling Conditions on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low Carbon Cold Heading Steel

 Effects of rolling and cooling conditions on microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon cold heading steel were investigated on a laboratory hot rolling mill. The results have shown that the mechanical properties of low carbon steels exceed the standard requirements of ML30, ML35, ML40, and ML45 steel, respectively due to thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP). This is attributed to a significant amount of pearlite and the ferrite-grain refinement. Under the condition of relatively low temperature rolling, the mechanical properties exceed standard requirements of ML45 and ML30 steel after water cooling and air cooling, respectively. Fast cooling which leads to more pearlite and finer ferrite grains is more critical than finish rolling temperatures for low carbon cold heading steel. The specimen at high finish rolling temperature exhibits very good mechanical properties due to fast cooling. This result has great significance not only for energy saving and emission reduction, but also for low-carbon economy, because the goals of the replacement of medium-carbon by low-carbon are achieved with TMCP.     

Influence of Carbon on Mechanical Properties of Cu bearing Extra Low Carbon Steel Sheets

This paper examines the effect of carbon (C) on solid solution strengthening, bake hardening and anti‐strain aging property for copper (Cu) bearing extra low carbon (ELC) steel sheets. For this purpose, five ELC steels that contain different content of C were selected. We have investigated the effect of C on mechanical properties and microstructures for the continuous annealed ELC steel sheets. Mechanical properties and microstructures were analyzed as well using uni‐axial tensile test and electron back‐scattered diffraction (EBSD) technique following pilot rolling and continuous annealing. It has been found that the addition of C increases the solid solution strengthening as well as 19.9MPa per 0.0010wt%C in yield strength. What is more, the addition of C increases the bake hardenability (BH) as well as 18.7MPa per 0.0010wt%C. In addition, the addition of C delays the recrystallization during continuous annealing process. From an industrial standpoint, it is possible to control both a stable anti‐strain aging property and high bake hardenability for the ELC steel sheets without Ti and Nb addition.     

新型汽车排气系统用铁素体不锈钢的冷凝液腐蚀研究

 铁素体不锈钢中Cr元素对其耐腐蚀性能起着非常重要的作用。本文采用实验室冷凝液腐蚀实验方法,对一系列汽车排气系统用铁素体不锈钢在实验室模拟冷凝液中的腐蚀性能进行了研究。所有钢种经过10周期的实验室冷凝液腐蚀实验后,研究结果表明：Cr当量高于17%的铁素体不锈钢与含17%Cr的铁素体不锈钢耐实验室冷凝液腐蚀性能相当,且平均腐蚀失重量均小于6g/m2,平均最大腐蚀深度均小于0.03mm。在此实验结果的基础上,对新开发的439M型铁素体不锈钢和409L型铁素体不锈钢进一步开展5周期、10周期、20周期的实验室冷凝液腐蚀实验,并使用极值分析方法对三种周期冷凝液腐蚀实验后样品的最大点蚀深度进行统计分析,研究结果表明,新开发的439M型铁素体不锈钢的预测寿命是409L的1.6倍。     

Formation of AlN Nano Particles Precipitated in St-14 Low Carbon Steel by Micro and Nanoscopic Observations

In low carbon steels, dissolution and precipitation of the second phases such as carbides and nitrides during annealing cycles can affect the final structure and properties of the materials. The interaction of above processes depends on parameters such as reheating temperature, heating rate, annealing temperature, soaking time and finishing temperature in hot rolling stage before cold rolling. The effects of heating rate and annealing temperature on the microstructure and hardness were investigated. Two heating rates for annealing temperatures of 550, 610 and 720℃ were applied on cold-rolled specimens and St-14 low carbon steel, which were immediately quenched after isothermal annealing. The intercept method was used tO measure average grain sizes. However, resulted microstructures are dif- ferent for the two heating rates. While pancaked structures were observed in specimens annealed with low heating rate, in samples annealed with high heating rate, equiaxed microstructures were observed. Vickers micro-hardness values decreased at all temperatures, which were more significant at higher temperatures. At longer annealing time, signs of increase of hardness values were detected. All results and observations consistently suggest that a precipitati- on process has occurred concurrently with restoration processes during annealing. In addition, the energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis resulted from transmission electron microscopic micrographs have proved that the nano particles precipitated in grain boundaries are AlN.