钽、铌资源现状及其分离方法研究进展

概述了铌钽资源的分布状况、基本特征,对钽、铌的几种分离方法进行了介绍,重点介绍了萃取法的研究情况.     

低浓度氢氟酸体系中MIBK萃取分离钽铌的研究

开展了低浓度氢氟酸体系中MIBK萃取分离钽铌的研究,考察了萃取时间、萃取相比、氢氟酸浓度、钽铌浓度、钽与铌质量比对萃取分离过程的影响。结果表明,在始氢氟酸浓度0.5mol/L、钽铌总浓度60g/L、萃取相比(O/A)为5、钽与铌质量比2的条件下萃取5min可获得最佳的钽铌分离效果,钽铌分离系数高达50 000。     

负载钽铌有机相中悬浮物的离心分离研究

研究了负载钽铌有机相中悬浮物的测定方法,并对悬浮物进行测定和表征,在此基础上进行了负载钽铌有机相中悬浮物的离心分离研究。结果显示,在转速7 500r/min、离心时间5min的条件下,悬浮物的去除率可达到95.06%,离心分离净化负载钽铌有机相中悬浮物的效果较好。     

钨钽铌粗精矿碱分解液萃取试验研究

低品位钨钽铌粗精矿碱分解液的碱性萃取清洁生产工艺有着较好的产业前景。研究了影响钨萃取效果的萃取剂浓度、极性改质剂浓度、振荡时间、振荡温度等因素。试验采用N263萃取方法分离富集钨,在料液[OH-]浓度为44.1 g·L-1,WO3浓度为132.43 g·L-1,温度为25℃,振荡时间8 min,萃取有机相组成为62%N263(500 g·L-1)+15%仲辛醇+23%磺化煤油,相比O/A=2/1的条件下,测得有机相中WO3饱和容量为122.63 g·L-1。在此条件下,经过4级逆流萃取后,萃余液中WO3浓度可降至0.35 g·L-1以下,钨萃取率达到99.7%以上。     

A Review on Separation of Gallium and Indium from Leach Liquors by Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange

Considering the growing demand for In(III) and Ga(III) for the manufacture of advanced materials, it is necessary to develop efficient separation processes for recovery of these metals from primary and secondary resources. In the present work, separation of In(III) and Ga(III) from different aqueous mediums by solvent extraction, ion exchange, and solvent-impregnated resins/gels was reviewed. Although complete separation of In(III) from Ga(III) is possible using ion exchange or solvent-impregnated resins/gels, these methods are limited in industrial applications due to low adsorption capacity for metals. Solvent extraction with amines, acidic, and neutral extractants is commonly employed to separate these two metal ions. Amines and neutral extractants can extract both In(III) and Ga(III) and then these metals are separated by selective stripping. By contrast, solvent extraction with acidic extractants including commercial and synthetic extractants results in complete separation of In(III) and Ga(III). Compared to common commercial extractants such as D2EHPA, PC88A, Cyanex 272, and Cyanex 301, synthetic extractants offer higher extraction and separation efficiency, but extraction kinetics and stripping efficiency in these systems should be improved in the future.     

Extraction of Niobium and Tantalum from Nitrate and Sulfate Media by Using MIBK

The niobium–tantalum ore material obtained from Ras Baroud locality in the central Eastern Desert of Egypt, consists mainly of two minerals namely: columbite and alvarolite. The extractive separation of niobium(V) and tantalum(V) from the acid media HF–HNO₃ or HF–H₂SO₄ have been worked out using methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) as an extractant.     

钽铌湿法冶金中的环境污染与治理措施

分析论述了钽铌冶金过程中的污染来源、污染形式、特点及危害，指出含氟化物、放射性、有机萃取剂的废渣、废水、废气是其主要污染物，并针对性地介绍了对这些污染物的治理措施。     

从废钨渣中酸法回收钽铌的研究

阐述了从废钨渣中酸法回收铌钽的新工艺,采用稀酸脱硅-浓酸脱铁、锰-HF酸浸出-蒸发浓缩工艺,可处理氧化钽和氧化铌含量分别为0.14%和0.59%的钨渣。通过实验确定了最佳的处理条件,在最优条件下可得到含氧化钽8.0 g/L和氧化铌35.4 g/L的HF酸溶液,该溶液可直接用于工业生产,钽和铌的回收率达到80%以上。该工艺既可实现钨渣中钽、铌、硅等资源的回收利用,又可减轻大量钨渣堆存引起的环境污染问题。     

钽铌工业的进步与展望

通过对以九0五厂（NNMS）为代表的我国钽铌工业的发展历程和世界钽铌工业发展历程的对比分析，采用了大量详实的第一手资料和基础数据。描述了我国钽铌工业发展的现状轮廓和技术发展历程及其在世界锝铌工业发展中所处的地位和竞争能力；阐明了在我国稀有金属钽铌资源冶，加技术领域中所存在的问题和面临的形势，从国家安全角度及行业整体发展的高度，提出了对国内稀有金属钽铌行业进行重组整合，并积极开发国外资源的可持续发展的战略构想。     

钽、铌电解电容器工艺研究进展(续)

结合对钽、铌电解电容器性能特点的介绍，综述了近年来国内外钽、铌电解电容器研究、生产方面的进展以及市场动态。     

加拿大尼尔森离心选矿机选别微细粒钽铌半工业试验研究

试验选用的KC-CVD6-1型是一种连续给矿、间隔排矿的离心选矿设备,采用离心力对比重差异较大的矿物进行分离.按照设备参数的要求,在生产现场通过半工业试验找到该设备选别微细粒钽铌的最佳条件.     

絮凝剂对铜萃取分相速度的影响

研究了萃取原液中加入絮凝剂去除杂质并澄清后对铜萃取分相速度的影响.试验结果表明,矿石浸出液在萃取前加入X型絮凝剂絮凝并强制过滤,可去除其中大量悬浮物,适量加入絮凝剂对铜的溶剂萃取分相影响不明显.     

高纯钨、钼、钽、铌工业分析进展

评述了二十年来高纯稀有难熔金属领域钨、钼、钽、铌工业的分析进展,包括分光光度分析、原子吸收／发射光谱分析、质谱分析、中子活化分析和电化学分析等。引用文献50篇。通过对文献的多角度分析,反映了高纯钨、钼、钽、铌分析领域的行业布局,指出质谱分析等多元素同时痕量分析是高纯钨、钼、钽、铌工业分析的发展主流,但分光光度分析等单元素分析方法仍具有不可替代性。     

钽、铌电解电容器工艺研究进展

结合对钽、铌电解电容器性性能特点的介绍，综述了近年来国内外钽、铌电解电容器研究、生产方面的进展以及市场动态。     

人工手动闭环控制镧铈萃取分离过程的试验研究

采用离线分析手动增量ＰＩ反馈控制，在混合澄清槽镧铈分离的两个出口都稳定得到了高于４Ｎ和３Ｎ纯度的产品。作者认为如用ＰＩＤ反馈控制，可提高控制质量。     

Rare Earths, Niobium and Tantalum Minerals in Bayan Obo Ore Deposit and Discussion on Their Genesis

Bayan Obo ore deposit is endowed with and lie hidden in the Proterozoic strata. The localities and occurfences of the minerals in the ore deposit were described. It is obviously that some minerals are strata minerals and some are post-strata minerals. The rare earths, niobium and tantalum minerals are exactly the post-strata minerals. In these minerals the hydrothermal metasomatic phenomena distinctly reveal their metallogenic characteristics. According to tectonic movement, magma activity, mineral paragenesis, hydrothermal metasomatism, geological age and lasting time-scale of metallogenesis, and some other factors, it is supposed that genesis of rare-earths, niobium and tantalum minerals in Bayan Obo ore deposit are closely related with hydrothermal metallogenic solution which is differentiated from silica acid and carbonic acid magma and derived from deep seated source, and then intruded into Proterozoic strata and metasomatized. It is recognized that the metallogenesis of Bayan Obo ore deposit is undergoing a long geological period and many episodes.     

仲辛醇-HF-H2SO4体系制取超高纯氧化钽和超高纯氧化铌

研究了超高纯氧化钽和超高纯氧化铌试验与生产的工艺技术条件，进行了超高纯氧化钽和超高纯氧化铌的基础试验、中试和工业性生产试验，介绍了项目产品的技术指标和用户使用情况。     

从氯化烟尘酸浸液中萃取提纯钪的实验研究

用萃取法对氯化烟尘酸浸液中钪的提纯进行了实验研究。萃取体系采用P204＋改质剂＋磺化煤油。结果表明：钪的萃取率为99．7％，铁、锰的去除率最高分别达到98．1％和99．3％。有机相用NaOH溶液反萃，反萃率可达99．6％，有效地实现了钪与铁、锰杂质的分离。     

Features of Solvent Extraction of Lanthanides and Actinides

Abstract

Solvent extraction is a powerful method for lanthanide and actinide intra- and inter-group separations. Apart of the general parameters governing the extraction.f-electron elements exhibit several peculiarities of the process. Two of them are described in the paper: double-double (tetrad) effect in the lanthanide and actinide series and itinerant properties of the actinides (III) in respect to the lanthanide series, as well as the effects of inner- and outer-sphere hydration of the extracted species.

Extraction chromatography is presented as the most powerful technique of the extractive separation.     

萃取分离Pt,Rh,Pd,Ir的工艺研究

实验研究了从铂族金属溶液中草取分离Pt，Pd，Rh，Ir的工艺，较好地分离除去了残金属离子；提出了采用铜试剂＋氯仿螯台萃取Pd的新方法．实验证明，采用连续萃取工艺取代部分沉淀法，可提高铑的直收率（＞85％），简化工艺，缩短生产周期．