Fabrication and characterization of superhydrophobic high opacity paper with titanium dioxide nanoparticles

A new type of paper with superhydrophobic surface was prepared by addition of modified nano-TiO₂ to cellulose pulp. Nano-TiO₂ powder was first dispersed with a high-speed homogenizer, followed by surface modification with the coupling agent, 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (MPS). The superhydrophobic and opaque paper was obtained by adding the modified nano-TiO₂ to plant fiber to change its characteristics from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The effects of the initial content of the coupling agent MPS used, on the weight percentage of MPS attached on the surface of nano-TiO₂ were studied. The obtained paper was characterized by contact angle measurements and SEM. The results showed that the water contact angles for the modified paper ranged from 126.5 to 154.2°, and the sliding angle was <3°. Moreover, many well-dispersed nano-TiO₂ protuberances were observed on the surface of the paper, which further confirmed that the obtained paper was superhydrophobic on account of its nanostructure. Comparative optical studies performed on the paper handsheets revealed a much higher opacity for the sample with the MPS-modified-TiO₂ nanoparticles.     

Synthesis and characterization of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>–ZrO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanocomposite powder by sucrose process

Nanocrystalline alumina–zirconia powders were prepared by a modified chemical route using sucrose, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and metal nitrates followed by a post calcination process. The process involved dehydration of Al³⁺–Zr⁴⁺ ions-sucrose–PVA solution to a highly viscous liquid which on decomposition process produced a black precursor material. The obtained precursor were then calcined at various temperatures: 1,050, 1,100, 1,150, 1,200 and 1,250 °C for different soaking times (1, 2, 4 h) in air. The formation of a nanocomposite composed of α-alumina (~20 nm) and tetragonal (t) zirconia (~19 nm) crystallites were confirmed for the sample calcined at 1,200 °C for 2 h, based on our XRD and TEM results. However, for the samples calcined below 1,150 °C the composite formed were composed of metastable alumina (γ, δ, θ) as well as t-zirconia phases. Interestingly, the zirconia phase retained its tetragonal structure for all the samples calcined above 1,050 °C. This is possibly related to the “size effect” and reduction of surface enthalpy of the zirconia crystallites surrounded by Al³⁺ cations.     

Spectroscopic and HPLC Studies of Photodegradation of Nilvadipine

Photochemical decomposition of nilvadipine (NV), a derivative of 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP), was studied. Photodegradation was carried out in the conditions recommended in the first version of the document issued by the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), currently in force in the studies of photochemical stability of drugs and therapeutic substances. Methanol solutions of NV were irradiated with a high-pressure mercury arc lamp, type HBO 200 (300–400 nm). The maximum absorption of radiation at 365 nm was achieved by applying the interference filter and Wood's filter. The assessment of NV photodegradation was made on the basis of the UV spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods. Quantitatively, the process was described with the calculated rate constants of decomposition k, time of decomposition of 50% of the compound t_0.5, and time of decomposition of 10% of the compound t_0.1. The two methods applied allowed a determination of the kinetic parameters of NV photodegradation from the relationship ln c = f(t). Using the Reinecke salt as a chemical actinometer, apparent quantum yields of photodegradation were obtained; after extrapolation to the time of irradiation zero, these gave the actual quantum yield (Φ = 7.3 · 10^?5). The quantum yield of fluorescence at λ_exc = 375 nm was about 9.3 · 10^?4. The methods used for evaluation of NV photodegradation were subjected to validation, and results of the analytical methods were statistically assessed by Snedecor F and Student t tests. The former test revealed no statistically significant difference between the variances obtained by the HPLC and UV spectrophotometric methods. Also, verification of the zero hypothesis of the Student t test on equality of means of the results obtained gave no significant differences between the two methods.     

Development and pharmacokinetic evaluation of alginate-pectin polymeric rafts forming tablets using box behnken design

Abstract

Raft is an emerging drug delivery system, which is suitable for controlled release drug delivery and targeting. The present study aimed to evaluate the physico-chemical properties of raft, in vitro release of pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate and conduct bioavailability studies. Box behnken design was used with three independent and dependent variables. Independent variables were sodium alginate (X₁), pectin (X₂) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose K100M (X₃) while dependent variables were percentage drug release at 2 (Y₂), 4 (Y₄) and 8?h (Y₈). The developed rafts were evaluated by their physical and chemical properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used to study the chemical interaction and thermal behaviour of drug with polymers. Alginate and pectin contents of R9 formulation were 99.28% and 97.29%, respectively, and acid neutralization capacity was 8.0. R9 formulation showed longer duration of neutralization and nature of raft was absorbent. The raft of R9 formulation showed 98.94% release of PSS at 8?h in simulated gastric fluid. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed no chemical interaction and differential scanning calorimetry indicated endothermic peaks at 250?°C for pantoprazole sodium sesquihydrate. t_max for the test and reference formulations were 8?±?2.345?h and 8?±?2.305?h, respectively. C_max of test and reference formulations were 46.026?±?0.567?µg/mL and 43.026?±?0.567?µg/mL, respectively. AUC_(0-t) of the test and reference formulations were 472.115?±?3.467?µg?×?h/mL and 456.105?±?2.017?µg?×?h/mL, respectively. Raft forming system successfully delivered the drug in controlled manner and improved the bioavailability of drugs.     

Compressive creep behaviour of Mg–Li–Al alloy

Abstract

The compressive creep behaviour of as cast Mg–14Li–1·3Al (wt-%) alloy was investigated in the temperature range of 20?85°C and under different compressive stress in the range of 37·3–74·6 MPa with special apparatus. Primary creep deformation and steady creep rate increase with temperature and applied stress. The compressive creep behaviour obeys an empirical equation ln t=C?nln σ + Q/RT, where t is the time to a selected creep strain, σ is the applied stress, T is the absolute temperature, R is the gas constant, and C, n, and Q are constants for the experimental alloy. The average values of the exponent n and the creep activation energy Q are 4·33 and 101·13 kJ mol^?1 respectively. The creep rate controlling mechanism is the dislocation climb and the lattice diffusion of Li in the experimental alloy under the testing conditions.     

Process optimization of spray-dried fanhuncaoin powder for pulmonary drug delivery and its pharmacokinetic evaluation in rats

The optimization of process parameters of spray-dried powder containing fanhuncaoin, a newly discovered anti-inflammatorily active phenolic acid isolated from Chinese herb, was conducted using response surface methodology (RSM). The experimental results were fitted into partial cubic polynomial model to describe and predict the response quality in terms of the final angle of repose, aerodynamic diameter, respirable fraction (RF), and yield. The recommended optimum spray-drying parameters for the development of fanhuncaoin powder with optimum quality were 110?°C inlet temperature, 0.50 m³/min aspiration speed, and 7.95?ml/min feed flow rate. The obtained optimum process parameters were employed for the production of spray-dried fanhuncaoin powder and to check the validity of the partial cubic model. Small and insignificant deviations were found between the predicted values and the experimental ones, showing the efficiency of the model in predicting the quality attributes of fanhuncaoin powder. The optimized powder was further examined for its pharmacokinetic properties in rats. A UPLC/MS assay was used to determine plasma fanhuncaoin concentration. Statistical analysis demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the t_1/2 and dose-normalized C_max and AUC as well as other pharmacokinetic parameters between the groups dosed differently following intratracheal administration (p?>?.05), indicating that fanhuncaoin followed linear kinetics. The pharmacokinetic parameters of fanhuncaoin after intratracheal administration differed significantly from the ones observed after intravenous administration (p?C_max and AUC_(0-∞) obtained following intratracheal administration may lead to effective drug concentrations at the target site with minimal systemic bioavailability and side effects.     

Studies on structural and electrical properties of copper-doped zinc oxide powders prepared by a solid state method at high temperatures

Abstract

The synthesis, crystal structure and electrical conductivity properties of Cu-doped ZnO powders (in the range of 0.25 – 15 mole %) is reported. I-phase samples, which were indexed as single phase with a hexagonal (wurtzite) structure in the Cu-doped ZnO binary system, were determined by X-ray diffraction. The limit solubility of Cu in the ZnO lattice at this temperature is 5 mole % at 1000°C. The impurity phase was determined as CuO when compared with standard XRD data using the PDF program. We focused on single I-phase ZnO samples which synthesised at 1000°C because the limit solubility range is widest at this temperature. It was observed that the lattice parameters a increased and c decreased with Cu doping concentration. The morphology of the I-phase samples was analysed with a scanning electron microscope. The electrical conductivity of the pure ZnO and single I-phase samples were studied using the four-probe dc method at temperatures between 100 and 950°C in an air atmosphere. The electrical conductivity values of pure ZnO and 5 mole % Cu-doped ZnO samples at 100°C were 2 × 10^?6 and 1.4 × 10^?4 ohm^?1 cm^?1, and at 950°C they were 1.8 and 3.4 ohm^?1 cm^?1, respectively. In other words, the electrical conductivity slightly increased with Cu doping concentration. Also, it was observed that the activation energy of the I-phase samples was decreased with Cu doping concentration.     

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of folate-mediated PEGylated nanostructured lipid carriers for the efficient delivery of furanodiene

Furanodiene (FN) loaded FA-PEG₂₀₀₀-DSPE modified nanostructured lipid carriers (FA-FN-NLCs) were developed to increase the solubility and bioavailability of FN, prolong the circulation time in blood and improve the targeting ability. FA-FN-NLCs were prepared using emulsification-ultrasonic and low temperature-solidification method and optimized by central composition design (CCD). In vitro and in vivo characteristics of FA-FN-NLCs were investigated in detail. The optimized formulations exhibited a spherical shape with particle size of 127.4?±?2.62?nm, PDI of 0.268?±?0.04, zeta potential of –14.7?±?1.08?mV, high encapsulation efficiency of 89.04?±?2.26% and loading capacity of 8.46?±?0.20%. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated that FN was not in crystalline state in FA-FN-NLCs. In vitro drug release exhibited a biphasic release pattern which showed a relative burst drug release at the initial time and followed by a prolonged drug release. In vivo, compared with FN solution (FN-SOL) and FN loaded traditional NLCs (FN-NLCs), FA-FN-NLCs had a longer blood circulating time (t_1/2) and higher area under the curve (AUC). NiR fluorescence imaging study demonstrated that FA-FN-NLCs specially accumulated in tumor site by the receptor-mediated endocytosis. This study showed that FA-FN-NLCs was a promising drug delivery system for FN in the treatment of cancer.     

Application of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate in polymer heterojunction solar cells

In this study, p-type semiconducting polymer of acid, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), has been employed as a hole-transporting electrode to fabricate organic polymer heterojunction photovoltaic cells. The results showed that the resultant poly(3-hexylthiophene): C₆₀ derivatives [6]-phenyl-C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM)/PEDOT:PSS can significantly expand the light absorption range which was expected to enhance the sunlight excitation. The influences of annealing conditions and barrier layer on the photoelectric performances were investigated in detail, giving an optimized synthesis conditions: annealed temperature was at 120 °C for 90 min, the thickness of PEDOT:PSS film was approximately 3–4 μm, and the ratio of PCBM and P3HT was 1:2. The blended heterojunction consisting of PCBM and P3HT was used as charge carrier-transferring medium to replace I₃ ^?/I^? redox electrolyte, showing a short-circuit current of 4.30 mA cm^?2, an open-circuit voltage of 0.83 V, and a light-to-electric energy conversion efficiency of 2.37 % under a simulated solar light irradiation of 100 mW cm^?2. In addition, a solid-state polymer heterojunction photovoltaic cells with a short-circuit current of 3.59 mA cm^?2, an open-circuit voltage of 0.80 V, and a light-to-electric energy conversion efficiency of 1.9 % was successfully fabricated by simplifying the process.     

Hydrogen desorption kinetics of MgH2 synthesized from modified waste magnesium

In the present study, hydrogen desorption properties of magnesium hydride (MgH₂) synthesized from modified waste magnesium chips (WMC) were investigated. MgH₂ was synthesized by hydrogenation of modified waste magnesium at 320 °C for 90 min under a pressure of 6 × 10⁶ Pa. The modified waste magnesium was prepared by mixing waste magnesium with tetrahydrofuran (THF) and NaCl additions, applying mechanical milling. Next, it was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) techniques in order to characterize its structural properties. Hydrogen desorption properties were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under nitrogen atmosphere at different heating rates (5, 10, and 15 °C/min). Doyle and Kissenger non-isothermal kinetic models were applied to calculate energy (E _a ) values, which were found equal to 254.68 kJ/mol and 255.88 kJ/mol, respectively.     

Yield strength anomaly and dynamic strain ageing behaviour of recently developed advanced ultra-supercritical boiler grade wrought Ni-based superalloy IN 740H

The yield strength anomaly (YSA) and dynamic strain ageing (DSA) behaviour of advanced ultra-supercritical boiler grade wrought nickel-based superalloy IN 740H is studied by conducting tensile tests in temperature range 28–930°C and by employing strain rates 1 × 10^?2, 1 × 10^?3, 1 × 10^?4 and 1 × 10^?5 s^?1 followed by extensive electron microscopic examination. Increase in yield strength accompanied by impairment of ductility indicates that YSA exists in alloy IN 740H in temperature range of 650–760°C. The electron microscopic observation confirms that YSA is due to pinning of dislocations by γ′ precipitates and shearing of γ′ precipitates in IN 740H. DSA is observed in the temperature range of 200–500°C and is predominant at 300°C. The nature of serrated plastic flow due to DSA is dependent on the temperature and strain rate.     

Preformulation characterization and in vivo absorption in beagle dogs of JFD,a novel anti-obesity drug for oral delivery

JFD (N-isoleucyl-4-methyl-1,1-cyclopropyl-1-(4-chlorine)phenyl-2-amylamine·HCl) is a novel investigational anti-obesity drug without obvious cardiotoxicity. The objective of this study was to characterize the key physicochemical properties of JFD, including solution-state characterization (ionization constant, partition coefficient, aqueous and pH-solubility profile), solid-state characterization (particle size, thermal analysis, crystallinity and hygroscopicity) and drug-excipient chemical compatibility. A supporting in vivo absorption study was also carried out in beagle dogs. JFD bulk powders are prismatic crystals with a low degree of crystallinity, particle sizes of which are within 2–10?μm. JFD is highly hygroscopic, easily deliquesces to an amorphous glass solid and changes subsequently to another crystal form under an elevated moisture/temperature condition. Similar physical instability was also observed in real-time CheqSol solubility assay. pK_a (7.49?±?0.01), log?P (5.10?±?0.02) and intrinsic solubility (S₀) (1.75?μg/ml) at 37?°C of JFD were obtained using potentiometric titration method. Based on these solution-state properties, JFD was estimated to be classified as BCS II, thus its dissolution rate may be an absorption-limiting step. Moreover, JFD was more chemically compatible with dibasic calcium phosphate, mannitol, hypromellose and colloidal silicon dioxide than with lactose and magnesium stearate. Further, JFD exhibited an acceptable pharmacokinetic profiling in beagle dogs and the pharmacokinetic parameters T_max, C_max, AUC_0–t and absolute bioavailability were 1.60?±?0.81?h, 0.78?±?0.47?μg/ml, 3.77?±?1.85?μg·h/ml and 52.30?±?19.39%, respectively. The preformulation characterization provides valuable information for further development of oral administration of JFD.     

Insulin nanoparticles for transdermal delivery: preparation and physicochemical characterization and in vitro evaluation

Aim: This work is aimed to study the feasibility of insulin nanoparticles for transdermal drug delivery (TDD) using supercritical antisolvent (SAS) micronization process. Methods: The influences of various experimental factors on the mean particle size (MPS) of insulin nanoparticles were investigated. Moreover, the insulin nanoparticles obtained were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses. Results: Under optimum conditions, uniform spherical insulin nanoparticles with a MPS of 68.2?±?10.8 nm were obtained. The Physicochemical characterization results showed that SAS process has not induced degradation of insulin. Evaluation in vitro showed that insulin nanoparticles were accorded with the Fick's first diffusion law and had a high permeation rate. Conclusion: These results suggest that insulin nanoparticles can have a great potential in TDD systems of diabetes chemotherapy.     

Structural and optical properties of SnS nanoparticles and electron-beam-evaporated SnS thin films

SnS nanoparticles were synthesised by the precipitation method using SnCl₂.2H₂O and Na₂S.xH₂O and the nanoparticles were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. From the particles’ XRD pattern, a strong peak at 2θ = 31.5? was observed, which confirms the Herzenbergite orthorhombic crystal structure of SnS. The FTIR result also confirmed the SnS nanoparticles at 2354 cm^?1 and 615 cm^?1. Second, thin SnS films were prepared on a glass substrate by the electron beam evaporation technique at room temperature and annealed at 100°C, 200°C and 300°C. The effect of the annealing temperature on structural and optical properties of the SnS films was characterised by XRD and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) analysis. From the experimental studies, optical absorption of SnS films increases with respect to the annealing temperature, while the values of band gap energy (E_g) get reduced from 1.77 to 1.57 eV.     

All‐Solution‐Processed Pure Formamidinium‐Based Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes

All‐solution‐processed pure formamidinium‐based perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) with record performance are successfully realized. It is found that the FAPbBr₃ device is hole dominant. To achieve charge carrier balance, on the anode side, PEDOT:PSS 8000 is employed as the hole injection layer, replacing PEDOT:PSS 4083 to suppress the hole current. On the cathode side, the solution‐processed ZnO nanoparticle (NP) is used as the electron injection layer in regular PeLEDs to improve the electron current. With the smallest ZnO NPs (2.9 nm) as electron injection layer (EIL), the solution‐processed PeLED exhibits a highest forward viewing power efficiency of 22.3 lm W^?1, a peak current efficiency of 21.3 cd A^?1, and an external quantum efficiency of 4.66%. The maximum brightness reaches a record 1.09 × 10⁵ cd m^?2. A record lifetime T₅₀ of 436 s is achieved at the initial brightness of 10 000 cd m^?2. Not only do PEDOT:PSS 8000 HIL and ZnO NPs EIL modulate the injected charge carriers to reach charge balance, but also they prevent the exciton quenching at the interface between the charge injection layer and the light emission layer. The subbandgap turn‐on voltage is attributed to Auger‐assisted energy up‐conversion process.     

The parameters of phase separation in NT-50 alloy calculated from the internal friction kinetics

An analytical expression for the internal friction kinetics Q ⁻¹(t) in the course of isothermal aging is obtained for a Nb-(48.5±1.5%)Ti alloy. The numerical analysis of anomalies of the Q ⁻¹(t) function showed that, during the first three hours of annealing at 300 and 375°C, the α-Ti phase is separated in a single stage without the formation of intermediate α′, α ″, or ω phases. Using the experimental curves of Q ⁻¹(t), the values of parameters (K and n) are determined for the Avrami equation describing the kinetics of α-Ti phase separation.     

Deformation behavior and constitutive model for high temperature compression of a newly type of Ni3Al‐based superalloy

In order to investigate the hot deformation mechanism of a newly development Ni₃Al‐based superalloy, hot compression tests at temperatures between 1100 °C–1250 °C and the strain rates of 0.001 s^?1–1.0 s^?1 were conducted. The results show that the curves of true stress‐strain indicate the thermal deformation is a typical dynamic recrystallization process, which the peak stresses and steady‐state stresses increase with decreasing temperatures and increasing strain rates. The softening mechanism is mainly dynamic recrystallization. The experimental data of peak stresses and steady‐state stresses is employed to calculate the constants in the Arrhenius equation. The steady‐state stresses are considered more reasonable for solving the parameters in the Arrhenius equation. Based on the constitutive equation obtained, the calculated values of steady‐state stresses match well with the experimental values at the strain rates of 0.001 s^?1, 0.01 s^?1 and 0.1 s^?1, whereas there exists much deviation at 1.0 s^?1. For the sake of accuracy of predicted results at 1.0 s^?1 strain rate, a modified Zener‐Hollomon parameter Z’ is introduced. The results show that the modified constitutive equations established in this study could well predict the value of steady‐state stress in hot deformation of the newly development Ni₃Al‐based alloy.     

Growth and physical properties of ZnGeAs2

Single-phase poly crystalline chalcopyrite-structure ZnGeAs₂ ingots with an average grain size of 70 μm have been grown using a modified vertical Bridgman apparatus. The melting point of the compound was determined by differential thermal analysis (DTA) to be 860°C and corrected X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak positions were obtained. The crystals were p type with a room-temperature carrier concentration of 1.1 × 10¹⁹ cm^?3 and a corresponding mobility of 15 cm²/V s. A possible chalcopyrite-to-sphalerite phase transition, reported previously to occur to 812°C, was not observed either by DTA or by XRD of quenched samples.     

Porous Ultrahigh Gas‐Permeable Polypropylene Film and Application in Controlling In‐pack Atmosphere for Asparagus

Porous polypropylene (PP) films with greater gas permeability and lower permeability ratios (β) than existing commercial films were developed for fresh produce packaging. PP containing high content of beta‐form crystal was biaxially stretched under controlled conditions. Resulting porous films with uniquely high oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of 2 659 000 cm³?m^?2?d^?1, water vapor transmission rate of 67 g?m^?2?d^?1, and β value of 0.76 was used as a “breathable window” attached to the less permeable commercial BOPP (biaxially oriented PP) lidding film. Various sizes/areas of the breathable windows were designed and tested on packaging asparagus of 400 g, at 5°C. Results demonstrated that in‐pack O₂ and CO₂ concentrations could be practically controlled and modified by changing areas of the breathable windows. Altered porous high OTR area directly affected total gas permeation of the package. Optimum gas composition of Ο₂ and CΟ₂ within the recommended controlled atmosphere for asparagus, stored at 5°C, was effectively created and maintained in the package containing 25 cm² breathable window (15% of total film lid's area). The shelf life of asparagus under optimum modified atmosphere was extended to 29 days, as compared with <3 days in the normal, low OTR tray sealed with BOPP lidding film. Clearly, these developed porous ultrahigh permeable PP films can be useful materials in designing high OTR package with desirable in‐pack O₂ and CO₂ concentrations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Graphene/Polyaniline/Poly(4‐styrenesulfonate) Hybrid Film with Uniform Surface Resistance and Its Flexible Dipole Tag Antenna Application

A graphene/polyaniline/poly(4‐styrenesulfonate) (G/PANI/PSS)‐based conducting paste is successfully fabricated by introducing a PANI/PSS nanofiller into a multilayer graphene matrix by mechanical blending. As a compatibilizer, the PSS binder increases the dispersibility, interfacial interactions, and mechanical interlocking between the multilayer graphene matrix and PANI, thereby allowing surface resistance with narrow distribution. High concentrations of this PSS binder, obtained using ex situ polymerization, further improve the adhesion of the hybrid film to a flexible substrate. The minimum surface resistance of the screen‐printed G/PANI/PSS hybrid film is approximately 10 Ω sq^?1 for a 70 μm uniform thickness. When bent to angles of ?30°, the flexible hybrid film exhibits an approximately 6% decrease in surface resistance. The surface resistance after 500 bending cycles increases by only 10 Ω sq^?1, which is 14 times that of smaller, graphene‐based thin films. The micropatterned, screen‐printed G/PANI/PSS hybrid film is evaluated as a practical dipole tag antenna. High‐resolution patterns are formed in the hybrid film by the inherently high surface tension and the properties of grains within the domain‐based structure. The G/PANI/PSS‐based dipole tag antenna has a bandwidth of 28.7 MHz, a high transmitted power efficiency of 98.5%, and a recognition distance of 0.42 m at a mean frequency of 910 MHz. These characteristics indicate that the G/PANI/PSS‐based dipole tag antenna could be used as a signal‐receiving apparatus, much like a radio‐frequency identification tag, for detecting nearby objects.