纳米孔径重离子微孔膜的制备

应用中国原子能科学研究院HI 13串列加速器产生的重离子32S和79Br轰击聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）薄膜,再对薄膜进行化学蚀刻处理使由重离子辐照损伤产生的潜径迹形成微孔,制备出孔径为100～900nm的重离子微孔膜。为增加径迹蚀刻速率与体蚀刻速率之比,化学蚀刻前采用紫外光辐照薄膜。蚀刻过程中采用电导蚀刻法监测膜孔径生长过程。对32S和79Br辐照制备的重离子微孔膜进行了比较,79Br离子辐照制备的微孔膜与32S离子辐照制备的微孔膜相比,孔型圆整,锥角更小;在制备纳米微孔膜方面79Br离子优于32S离子。     

药液过滤用离子微孔膜流量研究

研究不同的照射条件 (垂直照射和发散照射 )和不同滤膜孔型 (柱形孔和锥形孔 )对PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 )离子微孔膜流量的影响。研究结果显示 :发散照射和锥形孔均可提高药液过滤用PET离子微孔膜的流量。     

PVDF-g-N-IPAAm温敏膜的辐射合成及性能研究

用γ共辐射接枝的方法，将N-异丙基丙烯酰胺（N-isopropylacrylamide，N-IPAAm）接枝到聚偏氟乙烯（Poly vinylidene fluoride，PVDF）微孔膜上。通过扫描电子显微镜（Scanning electron microscopy，SEM）、傅立叶转换红外光谱（Fourier transform infrared，FT-IR）和X光电子能谱（X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy，XPS）技术对微孔膜的接枝情况进行了表征，并同时通过接触角、电导和水通量测试研究了接枝微孔膜的表面改性、渗水性能和温敏性能。结果表明，通过共辐射接枝方法成功将N-IPAAm接枝到了PVDF微孔膜的表面及孔内，由此改善了微孔膜的亲水性，并使其具有明显温度敏感性能，即在低临界溶解温度（Lower cridcal soludon temperature，LCST）上下其微孔膜的水通量发生显著变化。     

预处理浸泡对聚酰亚胺重离子微孔膜蚀刻的影响

聚酰亚胺(Polyimide,PI)膜是一种新型的有机膜,具有耐高温、耐强酸和耐辐射等特性,用其制备的重离子微孔膜可以用于电池隔膜和放射性废气过滤等特殊领域。应用中国原子能科学研究院HI-13串列加速器产生的重离子束32S离子轰击25?m的PI薄膜,再对薄膜进行化学蚀刻处理,使由重离子辐照损伤产生的径迹形成微孔。为改善微孔质量,在化学蚀刻前采用具有强氧化性溶液对PI膜进行预处理浸泡,系统分析了常温下采用高锰酸钾和双氧水两种溶液浸泡不同时间对PI膜化学蚀刻的影响。实验结果显示,预处理浸泡可明显加快PI膜的径迹蚀刻速率,缩短蚀刻时间,减小微孔的锥角和提高PI重离子微孔膜的蚀刻质量。     

核微孔滤膜辐照模拟

在辐照粒子膜向高斯分布、纵向均匀分布的情况下，模拟计算核微孔滤膜的辐照，并给出 模拟计算和实测结果。     

电子束辐照制备微孔阵列聚丙烯膜的研究

采用电子束辐照方法成功制备了微孔阵列聚丙烯(PP)膜,将微孔阵列掩膜覆盖在聚丙烯膜上,在电子束下进行辐照,然后将样品在蚀刻剂中进行蚀刻,即可得到微孔阵列聚丙烯膜,其孔径为200μm.在研究中采用XRD、GPC、DSC等仪器分别测定了不同剂量辐照的PP样品的结晶度和分子量,分析了它们可能存在的内在联系及其对蚀刻工艺的影响,并对不同方法测得的结晶度结果进行了对比;探讨了蚀刻时间、蚀刻温度、蚀刻剂浓度等因素对蚀刻结果的影响;使用电子拉力机测定了不同电子束辐照剂量PP膜的力学性能;采用电子显微镜对制备的微孔阵列聚丙烯膜图案和孔径进行了相关表征.     

超高分子量聚乙烯微孔膜在不同温度下辐射交联及其性能

超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)微孔膜贴于加热板上升温至126～127℃,利用电子束辐照至吸收剂量分别为0 kGy、25 kGy、50 kGy、75 kGy.研究在加热条件下,不同吸收剂量对UHMWPE微孔膜凝胶分数、拉伸强度、穿刺力、结晶度以及耐温性的影响.结果表明:当吸收剂量为75 kGy时,UHMWPE微孔膜凝胶...     

核微孔滤膜在临床治疗中的应用

介绍了ＨＩ型核微孔滤膜及其在临床输液中的应用，一次性输液（血）器具有核微孔空气过滤器和药液过滤器，对病房及药液中侵害人体健康的有害微粒的滤除效果优于其它类型的过滤介质，滤除效率与输出流量等技术指标都高于国家行业标准的要求。还介绍了核微孔滤膜和血液透析、创伤治疗、血球硬度测量等临床诊断、治疗中的应用。     

热敏智能径迹膜的研制

以N－异丙基丙烯酰胺热酶材料为单体，核径迹微孔膜为基材，用过氧化预辐照接枝技术研制出能控制开关的热敏智能径迹膜，考察了预辐照剂量，接枝温度，单体浓度和反应时间时间等因素对接枝的影响，以及膜孔开闭动态变化。亚微米级孔径上极薄的热敏接枝层，溶胀与收缩迅速，对温度开关响应更为灵魂。     

核微孔德膜在临床治疗中的应用

介绍了ＨＩ型核微孔滤膜及其在临床输液中的应用。一次性输液（血）器具用核微孔空气过滤器和药液过滤器，对病房及药液中侵害人体健康的有害微粒（如尘埃、细菌、小纤维等）的滤除效果优于其它类型的过滤介质，滤除效率与输出流量等技术指标都高于国家行业标准的要求。还介绍了核微孔滤膜在血液透析、创伤治疗、血球硬度测量等临床诊断、治疗中的应用。     

Surface Modification of Polypropylene Microporous Membrane by Atmospheric- Pressure Plasma Immobilization of N,N-dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate

Surface modification of polypropylene microporous membrane (PPMM) was performed by atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma immobilization of N,N-dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA). Structural and morphological changes on the membrane surface were characterized by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR/ATR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Water contact angles of the membrane surfaces were also measured by the sessile drop method. Results reveal that both the plasma-treating conditions and the adsorbed DMAEMA amount have remarkable effects on the immobilization degree of DMAEMA. Peroxide determination by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrvlhydrazyl (DPPH) method verifies the exsistence of radicals induced by plasma, which activize the immobilization reaction. Pure water contact angle on the membrane surface decreased with the increase of DMAEMA immobilization degree, which indicates an enhanced hydrophilicity for the modified membranes. The effects of immobilization degrees on pure water fluxes were also measured. It is shown that pure water fluxes first increased with immobilization degree and then decreased. Finally, permeation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme solution were measured to evaluate the antifouling property of the DMAEMA-modified membranes, from which it is shown that both hydrophilicity and electrostatic repulsion are beneficial for membrane antifouling. Key words: polypropylene microporous membrane, DMAEMA, atmospheric-pressure plasma, immobilization, antifouling     

热敏智能径迹膜

以Ｎ－异丙基丙酰胺热敏功能材料为单体,核径迹微孔膜为基材,利用过氧化预辐照接枝技术,研制能控制开关,调节微粒筛分的热敏智能径迹膜,亚微米级接枝敏感径迹孔只需极薄的热敏层,溶胀与收缩速度迅速,使对温度开关响应更为灵敏。     

径迹纳米孔高分子膜的制备和表征

载能重离子辐照高分子膜形成的离子潜径迹,经后续处理可制备出离子径迹纳米孔高分子膜。本文介绍了传统的离子径迹蚀刻法与最近发展的离子径迹紫外辐照方法制备径迹纳米孔高分子膜的过程及其纳米孔膜孔径的表征。离子径迹紫外辐照方法舍弃了传统离子径迹蚀刻法的化学蚀刻过程,所制备的径迹纳米孔高分子膜的孔密度高,孔道尺寸为纳米甚至亚纳米尺度,在海水淡化、离子分离等领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

滤膜对α-放射性气溶胶取样性能研究

α-放射性气溶胶取样膜是放射性气溶胶监测系统的重要组成部分,选择过滤效率高、自吸收小及高表面收集特性的滤膜,将有利于提高监测速度和被测α的能量分辨率,后者有利于α辐射体的准确监测和成分分析。研究选用三种不同类型滤膜采集氡子体气溶胶,测定了滤膜对气溶胶取样的过滤效率、自吸收因子、表面收集特性以及阻力与流量的关系参数。在气溶胶浓度、取样流量和取样时间相同的条件下,平均孔径为0.8μm的混合纤维素酯滤膜的过滤效率最高,自吸收损失较小;孔径为0.4μm的重离子微孔滤膜的自吸收损失最小,表面收集特性优越,对于提高监测分辨率具有优势;玻璃纤维滤膜的阻力小,适合大流量取样条件下采用。     

电子束刻蚀聚碳酸酯制备微孔分离膜

以电子束刻蚀技术和聚碳酸酯(Polycarbonate,PC)材料本身的辐照裂解特性,结合微孔掩膜和溶液氧化腐蚀的方法,成功制备了具有规则垂直孔道的PC微孔分离膜。用乌氏粘度计、凝胶渗透色谱仪、仪和傅里叶红外光谱分析仪表征辐照PC的结构和性能变化。结果表明,PC材料的黏均相对分子量、数均分子质量、玻璃化温度、黏均聚合度均随吸收剂量的增加而下降;红外分析表明PC在电子束照射下发生主链断裂;动力学分析表明其辐照降解属于无规降解类型,为电子束刻蚀制备PC微孔分离膜技术提供了理论依据。     

Durability of Irradiated Polymers in Solid-Polymer-Electrolyte Water Electrolyzer

The durability of irradiated organic polymers in solid-polymer-electrolyte water electrolyzer was investigated by gamma-ray irradiation tests around 500 kGy. Serious deteriorations for the tensile strength and ion exchange capacity of the ion exchange membrane (Nafion®) were not observed up to 850 kGy. No serious damage was also observed for tensile strength of the gasket materials (Aflas®) up to 500 kGy. The insulator materials (PFA and FEP) lost their tensile strength at 200 kGy and 300 kGy, respectively. From the above results, we can safely say that the electrolysis cell could be used up to around 500 kGy of irradiation conditions in the case where PFA and FEP are replaced by the polyimide resin which durability against the irradiation is well demonstrated. Two degrading mechanisms were supposed as the effect of irradiation. One is the direct degradation of the chain and branch by gamma-ray. The other is degradation by the attack of radicals. It was demonstrated that the effect of radicals on degradation of the membrane was not dominant. In addition, oxygen was observed to have a large influence on degradation. The quantity of dissolved fluorine in water that could be measured easily was found to correlate closely with tensile strength and ion exchange capacity. Hence, it is possible to evaluate the degradation of ion exchange membrane by monitoring the quantity of dissolved fluorine in water. Concerning the difference of degrading mechanism of the ion exchange membrane due to irradiation source, the combinations of tensile strength, ion exchange capacity and quantity of dissolved fluorine are proposed as deterioration indexes.     

Fabrication of stable MWCNT bucky paper for solar-driven interfacial evaporation by coupling y-ray irradiation with borate crosslinking

Herein,we report a facile solution process for preparing multi-walled carbon nanotube(MWCNT)bucky paper for solar-driven interfacial water evaporation.This process involves vacuum filtrating a dispersion of MWCNTs that was modified by polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)under γ-ray irradiation on a cellulose acetate microporous membrane,followed by borate crosslinking.Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and thermogravimetry confirmed the success of PVA grafting onto MWCNTs and borate crosslinking between modified MWCNT nanoyarns.The as-prepared crosslinked MWCNT bucky papers(BBP membranes)were used as a solar absorber,by placing them on a paper-wrapped float-ing platform,for interfacial water evaporation under simulated solar irradiation.The BBP membranes showed good water tolerance and mechanical stability,with an evaporation rate of 0.79 kg m-2 h-1 and an evaporation efficiency of 56％under 1 sun illumination in deionized water.Additionally,the BBP membranes achieved an evaporation rate of 0.76 kg m-2 h-1 in both NaCl solution(3.5 wt％)and sulfuric acid solution(1 mol L-1),demon-strating their impressive applicability for water reclamation from brine and acidic conditions.An evaporation rate of 0.70 kg m-2 h-1(very close to that from deionized water)was obtained from the solar evaporation of saturated NaCl solution,and the BBP membrane exhibited unexpected stability without the inference of salt accumulation on the membrane surface during long-term continuous solar evaporation.