KDC法合成六钛酸钾晶须的工艺研究

以分析纯的TiO2和K2CO3为原料,利用KDC法合成了六钛酸钾(K2Ti6O13)晶须,研究了K2CO3与TiO2的摩尔比(1:3.5、1:4、1:5.5和1:6)、合成温度(950、1 000、1 100、1 150和1 200℃)和保温时间(0.5、1、1.5和2 h)对合成六钛酸钾晶须的影响,并对合成试样进行了XRD和SEM分析。结果表明:当K2CO3与TiO2的摩尔比为1:5.5时,于1 100℃保温1.5 h后随炉冷却即可得到组成单一、形貌优良的六钛酸钾晶须,同时,其工艺成本得到了有效的控制,有利于六钛酸钾晶须的进一步推广应用。     

六钛酸钾晶须制备及在尼龙6中应用

以K2CO3和TiO2为原料,按照不同原料配比和不同反应温度通过烧结法制备六钛酸钾晶须,利用扫描电子显微镜对其形貌进行表征分析并计算成品率,然后将最优配比和反应温度下制备的六钛酸钾晶须添加到尼龙6/玻璃纤维(PA6/GF)复合材料中,对比分析了添加晶须前后复合材料的性能.结果表明,当K2CO3和TiO2物质的量之比为1...     

偏钛酸为钛源制备六钛酸钾晶须

以偏钛酸和碳酸钾为原料,采用烧结法制备了六钛酸钾晶须.利用X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了产物的物相和形貌特征.结果表明,n(TiO2)/n(K2O)摩尔比对产物的物相组成影响明显,n(TiO2)/n(K2O)摩尔比为3.5时产物较纯,基本为六钛酸钾;焙烧温度从1050℃提高至1150℃,产物组成无明显变化.随着焙烧时间的增加,产物的物相种类越少,六钛酸钾的结晶度越好、含量越多.焙烧温度对六钛酸钾晶须的长径比影响不大,n(TiO2)/n(K2 O)摩尔比为3.3时六钛酸钾晶须的长径比可达100.     

溶胶--凝胶碳热还原法制备硼化锆超细粉体

以氧氯化锆、硼酸、葡萄糖等为原料,在柠檬酸和乙二醇的螯合作用下,采用溶胶--凝胶、碳热还原工艺合成了ZrB2超细粉体。研究了原料配比及合成温度对合成超细粉体的影响。结果表明:不同的B/Zr及C/Zr摩尔比显著影响ZrB2超细粉体的合成,其最佳摩尔比为:n(B)/n(Zr)=2.5,n(C)/n(Zr)=6.5;当热处理温度为1 773K时能够合成纯相的ZrB2超细粉体;1 773K保温2h条件下合成的ZrB2超细粉体的颗粒尺寸为1~2μm,晶粒尺寸为55nm。     

锆英石碳热还原合成ZrB_2—SiC复合粉体

以锆英石、氧化硼、活性炭为原料,采用碳热还原合成工艺制备了ZrB2—SiC复合粉体,并对合成过程进行了热力学分析。考察了反应温度及原料配比对碳热还原合成ZrB2—SiC复合粉体的物相的组成、含量和显微结构的影响。结果表明:提高反应温度有利于ZrB2—SiC复合粉体的合成,适当过量氧化硼及活性炭有利于ZrB2—SiC复合粉体的合成。合成ZrB2—SiC复合粉体的最优参数为:当ZrSiO4、B2O3和C的摩尔比为1∶2∶12,在1 773K保温3h,可得到几乎纯相的ZrB2—SiC复合粉体。     

四钛酸钾晶须的高温亚稳性

为了研究烧结法合成钛酸钾晶须的机理,利用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜分析其相变和显微形貌.实验发现:在约950℃,四钛酸钾(K2Ti4O9)开始出现亚稳转变,1100℃以上保温2h后,其临界转变基本完成,说明K2Ti4O9是高温亚稳相,低于临界反应温度合成的六钛酸钾(K2Ti6O13)是由K2Ti4O9的亚稳相转变获得的.利用K2Ti4O9的高温亚稳性可以降低烧结法合成K2Ti6O13晶须的合成温度,对于确定烧结工艺参数具有重要意义.     

利用电厂粉煤灰合成的β-Sialon的结构和形貌分析

以粉煤灰和石墨为原料,采用碳热还原氮化法在一定的工艺条件下合成出不同结构形式的β-Sialon材料.以XRD,SEM,EDS等手段,研究了碳含量,合成温度,保温时间等工艺参数对合成产物中β-Sialon中z值的影响,并分析了β-Sialon的形成过程.研究结果表明,当试样中碳过量50％,在1420℃下保温4h以上,β-Sialon相均以Si4Al2O2N6(z=2)和Si3Al3O3N5(z=3)共同存在,保温时间的延长导致了Si4Al2O2N6的相对含量增加,Si3Al3O3N5有所减少;当试样中碳过量10％,并在1420℃保温6h时,合成样品中 β-Sialon相的主要存在形式为Si5AlON7(z=1);当碳过量50％,在1400℃和1450℃下保温6h时,以上三种z值的β-Sialon相可共同形成.β-Sialon的微观形貌以杆状晶须为主,其在反应初期主要为串珠状晶须,随着氮化反应的进行,β-Sialon杆状晶须逐渐形成,其主要相组成为Si4Al2O2N6和Si3 Al3O3N5.     

共沉淀法合成锂电池正极材料LiFePO_4工艺的研究

采用共沉淀法合成了纯相橄榄石型LiFePO4粉体。利用XRD、SEM研究了原料配比、合成温度、保温时间等合成工艺条件与产物的物相组成、晶粒尺寸和颗粒形貌的关系。结果表明:在FeSO4:LiOH:H3PO4=1:3:1、合成反应温度650℃、保温时间6小时的工艺条件下,能够合成颗粒尺寸形貌符合正极材料要求的纯相橄榄石型LiFePO4。     

KCl熔盐法合成六钛酸钾晶须的研究

为降低合成温度,制备纯度高及结晶性好的六钛酸钾(K2Ti6O13)晶须,以分析纯的K2CO3、TiO2和KCl为原料,按照三者物质的量比为1:5.5:5.5配比称取原料,分别经过研磨、过0.25 mm(60目)筛后,放入球磨罐中干混。将混合好的物料放入刚玉坩埚分别加热至650～1 100℃保温2 h,然后随炉冷却至室温。利用TG-DSC、XRD、SEM等分析了合成条件对晶须生长过程和形貌的影响。结果表明,采用KCl熔盐法在900℃可以合成纯度较高的K2Ti6O13单晶,晶须生长质量好、分散性高;KCl在合成过程中不参与反应,但能够降低体系液相形成温度,促进K2CO3的熔化、分解以及钛酸钾的合成速度。     

KCI熔盐法合成六钛酸钾晶须的研究

为降低合成温度,制备纯度高及结晶性好的六钛酸钾(K2Ti6 O13)晶须,以分析纯的K2 CO3、TiO2和KCI为原料,按照三者物质的量比为1:5.5:5.5配比称取原料,分别经过研磨、过0.25 mm(60目)筛后,放入球磨罐中干混.将混合好的物料放入刚玉坩埚分别加热至650～1 100℃保温2h,然后随炉冷却至室温.利用TG-DSC、XRD、SEM等分析了合成条件对晶须生长过程和形貌的影响.结果表明,采用KCI熔盐法在900℃可以合成纯度较高的K2Ti6O13单晶,晶须生长质量好、分散性高;KCI在合成过程中不参与反应,但能够降低体系液相形成温度,促进K2CO3的熔化、分解以及钛酸钾的合成速度.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。