求解IETD问题的CFIE方程之比较

针对基于矩量法的积分方程时域求解存在的晚时震荡问题,分析两种稳定求解时域积分方程的混合场积分方程方法:隐式时间步进算法的混合场积分方程和基于拉盖尔多项式阶数步进算法的混合场积分方程。计算了目标的时域散射场和单站雷达散射截面,两种方法求得的结果吻合较好,表明两种方法解决时域积分方程晚时震荡问题的有效性。     

精确稳定求解时域电场积分方程的一种新方法

时域电场、磁场和混合场积分方程已被广泛用来分析散射体的时域散射响应.基于适当的空间积分方法和隐式的时间步进算(MOT)法在求解时域磁场和混合场积分方程时总是稳定的,然而在求解TDEFIE时则是不稳定的.在本文中,时域电场积分方程的非奇异性积分采用标准的高斯求积法来计算;而利用参数坐标变换和极坐标变换将其奇异性积分转换成为可以分区域精确快速计算的非奇异性积分.通过数值实验表明,利用该方法可以非常精确稳定地求解时域电场积分方程,即使是在时间迭代后期也不必采用任何求平均的过程;另外,该方法可以用于任意时间基函数并可以推广到高阶空间基函数的情形.     

一种求解电大平台天线互耦的时域积分方程快速算法

该文针对电大尺寸平台天线互耦问题,提出一种基于几何绕射理论加速的时域积分方程快速算法。在求解时域积分方程的经典时间步进法基础上,引入几何绕射理论中的绕射线寻迹,提高了迟滞积分的计算效率。数值算例证明了该方法能够有效地加速时间步进法的求解过程,对电大平台天线布局优化设计具有理论指导意义。     

利用时间步进算法精确稳定求解时域积分方程

 时域阻抗矩阵元素的计算需要分别计算场单元和源单元上的空时积分,由于时间基函数的分域性以及时间基函数(如三角型时间基函数)导数的不连续性,使得采用高斯积分方法计算源单元上空时积分的计算精度较差且误差随着时间步长的减小而增大.本文通过将源单元上空时积分转变成为1D时间卷积分和1D空间解析积分来精确计算时域阻抗矩阵元素,并在此基础上利用时间步进算法求解了时域电场、磁场和混合场积分方程.通过计算实例表明该方法在较大的时间步长取值范围内均能确保时域积分方程时间步进算法求解的精度和后时稳定性.     

基于高阶叠层矢量基函数的时域电磁场 积分方程方法

本文将准正交高阶叠层矢量基函数用于时域电磁场积分方程(TDIE),求解了三维金属目标的时域电磁散射问题.准正交高阶叠层矢量基函数定义在曲面四边形单元上,并且不要求网格为规范网格,给复杂目标的几何建模和电磁建模带来很大方便.在空间上利用伽略金方法、时间上采用点匹配法求解时域电磁场积分方程,并采用隐式时间步进算法,数值计算结果表明了该方法求解时域积分方程的精确性、高效性与稳定性.     

基于时域平面波算法快速求解电磁兼容特性

基于电磁场时域积分方程(TDIE)数值技术求解电大目标的电磁兼容问题时,其计算量和内存需求大.应用时域平面波算法(PWTD)加速求解TDIE,针对算法实现中3个关键步骤,聚集、转移和投射,利用出射表和入射表进行改进.该方法一方面显著降低了内存需求,另一方画通过把PWTD算法中的传统投射方式,改为前向贡献式投射方式,大大减少了投射次数,并且更有利于时间点的对齐,因此提高了计算速度和精度.计算结果验证了该方法的可行性和高效性.     

TDEFIE的奇异性积分的精确快速计算

利用时域积分方程(TDIE)法模拟时域散射现象越来越受到学者们的关注.用于求解TDIE的时间步进(MOT)算法的后时不稳定性严重阻碍了TDIE法的广泛应用和发展.本文首先利用参数坐标和Duffy坐标变换将TDEFIE的奇异性积分转换成非奇异性积分,然后根据时间基函数的特点将该积分转换成可以快速精确计算的分区域积分.数值结果表明,该方法大幅提高了利用MOT算法求解TDE-FIE的MOT算法的后时稳定性和计算精度.     

一致性绕射理论加速的时域积分方程方法

为计算电大平台上天线间的互耦提出一种一致性绕射理论加速的时域积分方程算法.引入一致性绕射理论中射线寻迹的方法,对占时间步进法主要计算量的迟滞积分项进行加速,以牺牲部分精度为代价,提高了时域积分方程算法的计算速度.数值算例证明了有效性.     

使用改进的时域积分方程法计算导体目标的瞬态散射

本文推导了一种改进的时域积分方程(TDIE)方法,用于计算任意导体目标的瞬态电磁散射问题.采用隐式时间步进法,对典型导体目标包括尖劈板、立方体、导体球和球冠锥体进行了求解,得到了正确的瞬态响应结果,没有发现后期不稳定性现象.     

一种稳定的时域电场积分方程求解方法

提出了一种求解任意形状理想导体目标时域散射的稳定时域电场积分方程(TDIE)方法,此方法能非常有效地消除后期振荡。利用显式MOT方法求解二阶时间微分的电场积分方程,矢量位随时间的变化关系采用边缘中心近似,标量位随时间的变化关系则采用三角面元重心近似,然后运用先五步后三步的平均方法。数值结果表明,本文方法能够有效地提高TDIE方法的收敛性和稳定性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks