Nasicon系陶瓷湿敏材料和湿度传感器的研究

根据Nasicon相(Na3Zr2Si2PO12)具有低湿阻的特点,高温合成Nasicon相Na3-xZr2Si2-xP1 xO12(0≤x≤2),添加适量成孔剂和少量金属氧化物制成Nasicon4-1和Nasicon4-3两组陶瓷湿敏材料和湿度传感器。用直流电导法判定导电机制是以离子电导为主的离子-电子混合电导。用压汞法和SEM研究了湿敏材料的孔结构。两组湿度传感器的湿阻特性均为线性,Nasicon4-1传感器具有小的低湿度电阻,而Nasicon4-3具有高的感湿灵敏度。     

纳米湿敏陶瓷α-Fe2O-Al2O3-K2O的制备与性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法新工艺制备了不同配比的纳米级α-Fe2O3-Al2O3-K2O复合氧化物湿敏陶瓷.XRD、BET比表面吸附、Archimede排水法等手段对系列纳米陶瓷物相及微结构进行了分析表征.湿敏特性测试结果表明:调控各组分摩尔配比为r(Fe:Al:K)=90:5:5,可获得全湿区阻-湿特性线性关系良好、感湿灵敏度较高、湿滞小、使用温度范围宽、响应速度较快、性能一致性优的湿敏元件.提出组份间界面作用模型,并初步探讨了影响材料阻-湿特性及湿滞的内在因素.     

纳米湿敏陶瓷α-Fe_2O_3-Al_2O_3-K_2O的制备与性能

采用溶胶—凝胶法新工艺制备了不同配比的纳米级α -Fe2 O3 -Al2 O3 -K2 O复合氧化物湿敏陶瓷。XRD、BET比表面吸附、Archimede排水法等手段对系列纳米陶瓷物相及微结构进行了分析表征。湿敏特性测试结果表明 :调控各组分摩尔配比为r(Fe∶Al∶K) =90∶5∶5,可获得全湿区阻—湿特性线性关系良好、感湿灵敏度较高、湿滞小、使用温度范围宽、响应速度较快、性能一致性优的湿敏元件。提出组份间界面作用模型 ,并初步探讨了影响材料阻—湿特性及湿滞的内在因素     

陶瓷湿敏电阻器静态校准曲线的线性拟合

陶瓷湿敏电阻器是湿度传感的重要元件,但因其阻-湿特性往往呈非线性而使用不便。本文利用最小二乘法对典型的"铬镁钛"系陶瓷湿敏电阻的阻-湿特性进行了线性拟合。结果表明,这种线性拟合方法简单可行,可用于非线性湿敏等敏感电阻器件的线性化处理。     

高温金属氧化物陶瓷湿敏传感器研究

本文论述了采用湿法合成可在高温下应用的改性羟基磷灰石感湿粉料工艺有关性能，系统研究了应用上述改性ＨＡＰ感湿粉料，采用厚膜丝网印工艺技术制成的湿敏元件和传感器的各项湿敏性能，探讨了有关工艺参数对元件性能的影响，通过中国建筑科学研究院空气调节研究所近两年的系统测试，首次给出了高温下的湿度－电阻特性曲线。     

不同外加剂对湿拌砂浆性能的影响

研究不同外加剂对湿拌砂浆稠度损失、保水率、凝结时间、抗压强度、粘结强度以及收缩率等性能的影响,并借助X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对掺加不同外加剂的湿拌砂浆胶凝体系进行微观测试分析.研究结果表明:掺加外加剂均能不同程度地减少湿拌砂浆的8h稠度损失,增强湿拌砂浆的保水率,延长湿拌砂浆的凝结时间,提高湿拌砂浆的抗压强度和粘结强度,能更好地保证工程施工的顺利进行.     

纳米湿敏陶瓷α—Fe2O3—Al2O3—K2O的制备与性能

采用溶胶－凝胶法新工艺制备了不同配比的纳米级α－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ｋ２Ｏ复合氧化湿敏陶瓷。ＸＲＤ、ＢＥＴ比表面吸附、Ａｒｃｈｉｍｅｄｅ排水法等手段对系列纳米陶瓷物相及微结构进行了分析表征。湿敏特性测试结果表明：调控各组分摩尔配比为ｒ（Ｆｅ：Ａｌ：Ｋ）＝９０：５：５,可获得全湿区阻－湿特性线性关系良好、感湿灵敏度较高、湿滞小、使用温度范围宽、响应速度较快、性能一致性优的湿敏元件。提出组份间界面     

新型湿拌砂浆外加剂及其应用

针对传统湿拌砂浆外加剂易分层、开放时间短、力学性能差的问题,采用和易型聚羧酸系高性能减水剂(PCE)、改性纤维素醚和超缓释型PCE制备了新型湿拌砂浆外加剂.通过对比传统与新型湿拌砂浆外加剂各组分对砂浆稠度及经时变化、容重、保水率和抗压强度的差异,揭示了新型湿拌砂浆外加剂作用机理,其通过化学释水与物理释水相结合的原理实现了湿拌砂浆长时保塑,提高了水泥的水化程度,同时不影响砂浆力学性能的发展.     

湿碰湿涂装

介绍了湿碰湿涂装的概念。考察了底色漆中各组分对涂膜性能的影响。列出了底色漆配方的优点及与之配套用面漆。     

Fe2O3-A12O3-SiO2-TiO2抗菌、纳米湿敏陶瓷薄膜的Sol-Gel制备

利用溶胶凝胶法制成了Fe2O3-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2抗菌、纳米湿敏陶瓷薄膜。用扫描电镜和原子力显微镜对膜的表面形貌和显微结构进行表征，分析了处理方式对膜的表面形貌和微观结构的影响。制成的Fe2O3-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2抗菌、纳米湿敏陶瓷薄膜具有广谱抗菌、高效、无毒、持久和耐热等特点。湿敏特性测试结果表明：Fe2O3-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2抗菌、纳米陶瓷薄膜制品的感湿灵敏度高，具有较好的响应特性和稳定性。     

Bi_2O_3掺杂对PBSZT压电-铁电陶瓷结构和特性的影响

采用扎膜工艺和固相反应法制备了Bi2O3掺杂的(Pb0.70Ba0.26Sr0.04)(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3–xBi2O3(Bi–PBSZT,x=0,0.1%(质量分数,下同),0.3%,0.5%,0.8%,1.0%)压电–铁电陶瓷。通过扫描电镜和X射线衍射表征Bi–PBSZT陶瓷的结构和物相组成,并对其弯曲强度(σb)、相对介电常数(εr)和横向压电应变常数(d31)进行了检测和分析。结果表明:适量Bi2O3(x=0～0.3%)掺杂可使Bi–PBSZT陶瓷晶粒细化,致密度提高,σb增大;陶瓷的εr和d31下降。当Bi2O3掺杂量为0.3%时,Bi–PBSZT陶瓷的性能得到优化,σb为175.21MPa,εr为5520,d31为518×10–12m/V。     

Effect of additives on redox behavior of iron oxide for chemical hydrogen storage

The redox behaviors of iron oxides, which were modified with Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru, Al, Ce, Ti and Zr as additives, were investigated using temperature-programmed reaction (TPR) technique. The modified iron oxides were prepared by co-precipitation method using urea precipitant. The role of additives was also examined using XRD and SEM analysis in detail. As a result, Pd, Pt, Rh and Ru additives have an effect on promoting the reduction and lowering the re-oxidation temperature of iron oxide. Especially, it is revealed that the effect of Rh species on lowering the reduction temperature is attributed to decrease of activation energy for H₂ reduction according to Fe₂O₃ → Fe₃O₄ course. Meanwhile, Al, Ce, Ti and Zr additives played an important role in prevention of deactivation of iron oxide by repeated redox cycles. Redox performances of iron oxides were also enhanced due to cooperative effects by co-addition of Rh and another species such as Al, Ce and Zr. Finally, Fe–O/(Rh, Ce, Zr) sample exhibited good performance for H₂ evolution by water-splitting through synergistic effect of component additives.     

超声压电马达用陶瓷材料的研究

研究了钡锶锑锰等离子掺杂对锆钛酸铅(PZT)系压电陶瓷的介电、压电性能和体积密度的影响。实验结果表明:对于Pb0.95Ba0.03Sr0.02(Zr1-yTiy)O3+xwt%MnSb2O6(PBSZTMS),在x=1.5、Zr/Ti=52/48附近获得了优越的压电活性。对于Pb0.95Ba0.03Sr0.02(MnSb2O6)x/3(Zr54Ti46)1-xO3(PBSMSZT),综合性能较好的组成点出现在x=0.05处。对于PbaBabSrc(MnSb2O6)x/3(Zr1-yTiy)1-xO3+zwt%MnSb2O6系列配方,发现Sr2+和Ba2+的共同添加会使样品致密度降低,介电常数、介质损耗和压电常数增加;当a=1,b=0,c=0,x=0.03,y=0.48,z=0.76时,获得了综合性能较好的陶瓷材料,有望应用于大功率超声压电马达器件领域。     

液相前驱体浸渗工艺引入添加剂制备透明多晶氧化铝陶瓷

以Mg（NO3）2、Y（NO3）3和La（NO3）3为前驱体,采用液相前驱体浸渗工艺将添加剂MgO、Y2O3和La2O3同时引入到预烧氧化铝坯体中,在1830℃、H2气氛下保温2h烧结制备透明多晶氧化铝陶瓷。利用扫描电子显微镜和紫外一可见分光光度计对透明多晶氧化铝陶瓷的显微结构及直线透光率进行表征。结果表明：液相前驱体浸渗工艺提高了添加剂分布的均匀性,采用该工艺制备的透明多晶氧化铝陶瓷显微结构均匀,晶粒尺寸为20～50μm,在波长300～800nm内最高直线透光率达38．7％（λ=800nm,厚度为0．8mm）;而采用传统湿法球磨工艺得到的透明多晶氧化铝陶瓷晶粒尺寸大小不均,在晶界及晶粒内存有残留气孔,最高直线透光率仅为12．3％m=800nm,厚度为0．8mm）。通过液相前驱体浸渗工艺引入添加剂显著提高了透明多晶氧化铝陶瓷的直线透光率。     

Effects of Extra Al powder Additions on Properties of ZrN-based Composites Prepared by Aluminothermic Reduction and Nitridation Process

ZrN-based composites were synthesized from zirconia via aluminothermic reduction and nitridation proces with Al powders and Mg O as the reductant and sintering aids,respectively. ZrN-based composites are promising for application in the refractory materials or other high temperature industry fields. The effects of extra Al powder on physical properties,phase transformation and microstructures were investigated. Products with differen phase composition and morphologies were obtained with different Al powders additions. The products were composed of Zr N,ZrO_2,MgAl_2O_4,and Zr Al_3O_3 N by aluminothermal reduction and nitridation of zirconia with 0% extra Al powders addition. The diffraction peaks o Zr N were the strongest while peaks of ZrO_2 vanished with 6% extra Al addition. The thermodynamic calculation indicated that introducing Mg O into the system could promote the reaction process.     

Transesterification of edible and non-edible oils over basic solid Mg/Zr catalysts

A series of Mg–Zr catalysts with varying Mg to Zr ratios was prepared by co-precipitation method. These catalysts were characterized by BET surface area, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photo electron spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption of CO₂. The catalytic activity of these catalysts was evaluated for the room temperature transesterification of both edible and non-edible oils to their corresponding fatty acid methyl esters. The catalyst with Mg/Zr (2:1 wt./wt.%) exhibited exceptional activity towards transesterification reaction within short reaction time. The effects of different reaction parameters such as catalyst to oil mass ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time and methanol to oil molar ratio were studied to optimize the reaction conditions. The reasons for the observed activity of these catalysts are discussed in terms of their basicity and other physico-chemical properties.     

添加剂对钛酸镁陶瓷性能影响的研究进展

综述了添加剂对钛酸镁陶瓷性能影响的研究现状,烧结及介电性能等方面的进展。研究结果中可以看出,Bi2O3-V2O5、Co2O3、ZnO等氧化物及氧化物玻璃料的添加可以不同程度地大幅降低陶瓷的烧结温度。在Mg2TiO4中掺杂不同添加剂可适当改变其介电常数,满足其介电常数材料的应用需要;在MgTiO3中掺入不同添加剂可不同程度改变其介电常数,得到具有较高Q*f值且τf≈0的钛酸镁基陶瓷材料。从当前研究现状可以看出,掺杂改性是获得所需性能材料的强有力手段,也是今后对钛酸镁基陶瓷性能优化的主要研究方向之一。     

水性木器涂料的干燥速度与相关因素讨论

水性木器涂料的干燥一直是困扰配方设计师的问题,水性木器涂料的干燥速度受到诸多因素的影响,包括外部环境的温度、湿度、空气流动速率和涂膜厚度,还取决于配方中成膜物质的某些特性,比如玻璃化转变温度和自交联性的影响,配方中的其他组分,比如某些具有保水性能的增稠剂、助溶剂和成膜助剂,以及用来和主漆反应的异氰酸酯等也会影响水性木器涂料的干燥速度。     

二氧化钛陶瓷的湿敏特性

介绍了用锁相放大器来研究金红石相ＴｉＯ２陶瓷的电导，介电损耗，介电常数的实部和虚部的湿度响应，以及表面处理对该湿度响的影响。提出的“ＴｉＯ２陶瓷－水分子薄膜”模型能很好地解释实验结果。