High Relative Humidity In‐Package of Fresh‐Cut Fruits and Vegetables: Advantage or Disadvantage Considering Microbiological Problems and Antimicrobial Delivering Systems?

ABSTRACT:  This hypothesis article states that the high relative humidity (RH) of packaged fresh-cut fruits or vegetables that is associated with spoilage can be used as an advantageous way to deliver antimicrobial compounds using cyclodextrins (CDs) as carriers. CDs can function as antimicrobial delivery systems as they can release antioxidant and antimicrobial compounds (guest molecules) as the humidity levels increase in the headspace. Hydrophobic antimicrobial guests can be complexed with CDs due to the amphiphatic nature of the host. Then, at high RH values, due to the water–CDs interaction, host–guest interactions are weakened; consequently, the antimicrobial molecule is released and should protect the product against the microbial growth. Potential antimicrobial compounds capable of forming complexes with CDs are discussed, as well as possible applications to preserve fresh-cut produce and future research in this area.     

柚类果实提取物生理功能及综合利用研究进展

柚类果形硕大,果皮厚,绝大部分品种的果皮占单果质量的40%～50%。本文从柚果果皮提取物的抗氧化与抑菌作用,精油、黄酮类物质、果胶、膳食纤维、色素、多糖、酚酸的提取工艺,果汁、果酱、果糕、果脯、罐头、果酒、果醋、鲜切柚瓣等柚果加工产品研制,新鲜花、幼果、种子的利用等方面,综述国内外对柚类果实加工及综合利用的研究进展,以期为柚类资源的深度开发利用提供参考。     

Nanoemulsion as advanced edible coatings to preserve the quality of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables: a review

The increasing consumer's demand regarding the healthy diet has promoted the research towards novel approaches for preserving minimally processed fruits and vegetables without the necessity of using preservatives. Emulsion-based edible coatings technology is considered a valuable alternative to improve fresh-cut fruit and vegetable quality. This review discusses some recent advances for the preservation of the quality and safety of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables with respect to the use of nanoemulsion-based edible coatings as carrier of functional compounds such as antimicrobial agents, antioxidants and texture enhancers. It focuses especially on the use of natural functional compounds in food preservation as an alternative to synthetic additives. Moreover, the preparation and characterisation of nanoemulsion are also reviewed.     

Agro-industrial potential of exotic fruit byproducts as a source of food additives

Exotic fruit consumption and processing is increasing worldwide due to the improvement in preservation techniques, transportation, marketing systems and consumer awareness of health benefits. The entire body of tropical exotic fruits is rich in bioactive compounds, such as phenolic constituents, carotenoids, vitamins and dietary fiber. However, the fruit processing industry deals with the large percentage of byproducts, such as peels, seeds and unused flesh, generated in the different steps of the processing chains. In most cases, the wasted byproducts can present similar or even higher contents of bioactive compounds than the final produce does. The aim of this review is to promote the production and processing of exotic fruits highlighting the possibility of the integral exploitation of byproducts rich in bioactive compounds. Amongst the possible uses for these compounds that can be found in the food industry are as antioxidants (avoiding browning and lipid oxidation and as functional food ingredients), antimicrobials, flavoring, colorants and texturizer additives. Finally, the importance of extraction techniques of bioactive compounds designated as food additives is also included.     

Enhancing Safety and Aroma Appealing of Fresh-Cut Fruits and Vegetables Using the Antimicrobial and Aromatic Power of Essential Oils

ABSTRACT:  Microbial and aroma attributes are within the most decisive factors limiting safety and sensory appealing of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. Alternatively, several plant essential oils (EOs) are constituted of several volatile active compounds and most of them present antimicrobial potential and had different aroma profile. Considering these premises, this hypothesis article states that safety and aroma appealing of fresh-cut produce could be improved with EO treatment. EOs could prevent fresh-cut fruit decay; however, their volatile constituents could be sorbed by the produce, and according to the aroma notes of the antimicrobial oil, sensorial appealing of odor, and flavor of the treated produce might be affected positively or negatively. Specifically, garlic oil is a natural antimicrobial constituted by sulfur compounds, which are responsible for its odor and antimicrobial properties. Besides, fresh-cut tomato is a highly perishable product that needs antimicrobial agents to preserve its quality and safety for a longer period of time. From the sensorial point of view, aroma combination of garlic and tomato is a common seasoning practice in Europe and America and well accepted by consumers. Once the right combination of flavors between the EOs and the fresh-cut produce has been selected, safety and quality of the treated fruit could be improved by adding antimicrobial protection and extra aroma. Therefore, other combinations between EOs and fresh-cut produce are discussed. This approximation could reinforce the trends of natural food preservation, accomplishing the demands of the increasing sector of consumers demanding tasty and convenient fresh-cut produce, containing only natural ingredients.     

天然防腐剂在鲜切水果和果汁保鲜中的研究进展

随着国民生活水平的提高,人们对低热量食品的需求不断增大,即食鲜切水果和果汁的消费也逐渐增加,它们的安全性越来越受到人们的重视。鲜切水果和果汁由于组织和形态被破坏极易受到病原微生物和腐败微生物的污染,如果加工或储存条件不当,极易造成微生物致病和腐败。微生物学、酶学、化学或物理学变化均能引起鲜切水果与未高温消毒果汁的质量损失。其中,微生物造成的损失非常重要,有两方面原因:一是微生物毒素或病原微生物对消费者的健康构成威胁,二是微生物腐败给消费者造成经济损失。使用防腐剂可以有效减少微生物污染增强安全性。天然防腐剂既能保证食品安全又能保持品质特征,近年来,将其用于鲜切水果与未高温消毒果汁以防止微生物腐败方面的研究备受关注。本文综述了来自动物、植物和微生物的天然防腐剂对鲜切水果和果汁中病原微生物及腐败微生物的抑菌作用。     

UV radiation-induced changes of antioxidant capacity of fresh-cut tropical fruits

The effect of ultraviolet (UV-C) treatment on total phenol, flavonoid, and vitamin C content of fresh-cut honey pineapple, banana “pisang mas”, and guava was investigated. The antioxidant capacity of the fruit also was evaluated by measuring its ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and DPPH free radical-scavenging activity. The fresh-cut fruits were exposed to UV-C for 0, 10, 20, and 30 min. Total phenol and flavonoid contents of guava and banana increased significantly with the increase in treatment time. In pineapple, the increase in total phenol content was insignificant, but the flavonoid content increased significantly after 10 min of treatment. UV-C treatment decreased the vitamin C content of all three fruits. In fresh-cut banana, longer treatment time resulted in higher FRAP and DPPH values; these values remained stable throughout the experiment for fresh-cut pineapple. For fresh-cut guava, FRAP and DPPH values were stable until 30 min, after which a significant increase in FRAP values occurred.

Industrial relevance

UV irradiation processing of fresh-cut fruits leads to increase in antioxidants, polyphenols, and flavonoids. Hence, apart from the application of UV for microbial safety at industrial levels, this novel technology can also be exploited for enhancement of health promoting compounds for benefit of consumers.     

Fruit-based Natural Antioxidants in Meat and Meat Products: A Review

Due to the potential toxic effects of synthetic antioxidants, natural antioxidant sources especially fruits are being preferred now-a-days for use in different meat products. The majority of the antioxidant capacity of a fruit is especially because of numerous phenolic compounds. Many of the phytochemicals present in fruits may help protect cells against the oxidative damage caused by free radicals, thereby reducing the risk of degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, various types of cancers, and neurological diseases. Various parts of the fruit including their byproducts like skin and seeds have been used in meat products. Plum has been used as plum puree, prunes (dried plum), and plum extracts. Grape skin, seed, peel extracts, and grape pomace; berries as cakes and powder extracts; pomegranate rind powder and its juice; and most of the citrus fruits have proved beneficial sources of antioxidants. All these natural sources have effectively reduced the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) values and free radical frequency. Thus, lipid oxidation is prevented and shelf life is greatly enhanced by incorporating various kinds of fruits and their byproducts in meat and meat products. There is a great scope for the use of fruits as natural sources of antioxidants in meat industry. The review is intended to provide an overview of the fruit-based natural antioxidants in meat and meat products.     

可食性活性涂膜在鲜切果蔬保鲜中的应用

可食性涂膜是一种由天然可食性材料制成的选择透过性薄膜,具有调节果蔬内部气体交换、减少水分损失、降低腐烂率及延长货架期的特性,在果蔬包装及保鲜领域中已引起广泛关注。鲜切果蔬具有新鲜、方便、快捷等特点,已在全球范围内广泛供应餐饮业及零售业。可食性涂膜作为多种食品添加剂的载体常应用于生鲜产品中,且将活性添加剂与可食性涂膜结合可以延长鲜切果蔬的货架期,提高果蔬品质,减少果蔬表面致腐及致病菌增长的风险。可食性活性涂膜将作为一种绿色、安全、营养的保鲜技术,并将应用于鲜切果蔬保鲜领域的研究。本文综述了可食性涂膜的分类及其添加的抗菌剂、抗氧化剂、塑形剂、营养素等活性成分在鲜切果蔬保鲜中的应用,旨在开发用于鲜切果蔬保鲜的功能性可食性涂膜。     

Antimicrobial edible films and coatings for fresh and minimally processed fruits and vegetables: a review

The use of edible films and coatings is an environmentally friendly technology that offers substantial advantages for shelf-life increase of many food products including fruits and vegetables. The development of new natural edible films and coatings with the addition of antimicrobial compounds to preserve fresh and minimally processed fruits and vegetables is a technological challenge for the industry and a very active research field worldwide. Antimicrobial agents have been successfully added to edible composite films and coatings based on polysaccharides or proteins such as starch, cellulose derivatives, chitosan, alginate, fruit puree, whey protein isolated, soy protein, egg albumen, wheat gluten, or sodium caseinate. This paper reviews the development of edible films and coatings with antimicrobial activity, typically through the incorporation of antimicrobial food additives as ingredients, the effect of these edible films on the control of target microorganisms, the influence of antimicrobial agents on mechanical and barrier properties of stand-alone edible films, and the effect of the application of antimicrobial edible coatings on the quality of fresh and fresh-cut fruits and vegetables.     

Quality Index, Consumer Acceptability, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Activity of Fresh-Cut "Ataulfo" Mangoes (Mangifera Indica L.) as Affected by Low-Temperature Storage

ABSTRACT:  To measure bioactive compound losses due to minimal processing, mature green fresh-cut mangoes ( Mangifera indica L.) cv. "Ataulfo" were subjected to an antioxidant treatment and stored at 5 °C during 15 d. Quality index, total phenols, flavonoids, β-carotene, ascorbic acid, vitamin E, and antioxidant activity were measured during the storage period of fruits. Antioxidant capacity was estimated using ORAC_FL, TEAC, and DPPH assays. The dipping treatments with ascorbic acid (AA) + citric acid (CA) + CaCl₂ affected positively quality delaying deterioration of fresh-cut mango as compared with whole fruit. However, dipping treatment affected the consumer preferences of fresh-cut mangoes. The highest vitamin C, β-carotene, and vitamin E losses were observed after 10 d, being similar in whole and fresh-cut mangoes. The antioxidant activity was not significantly affected by storage time. We conclude that fresh-cut mangoes retained their bioactive compound content during storage and their antioxidant and nutritional properties make them a good source of these compounds.     

短波紫外线法处理对鲜切果蔬抗氧化系统影响的研究进展

短波紫外线（ultraviolet-C,UV-C）作为一种绿色无污染的非热处理技术,近年来在鲜切果蔬保鲜中的研究越来越多,主要研究热点在UV-C对鲜切果蔬抗氧化系统的影响。鲜切加工、贮藏、运输、销售等过程会引发一系列的不利于果蔬贮藏的生理生化和品质特性改变,导致其食用品质和商用价值下降,带来重大的经济损失。鲜切果蔬抗氧化系统主要由酚类物质、黄酮类物质、维生素类等物质组成非酶抗氧化系统,超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶、抗坏血酸氧化酶等组成酶促抗氧化系统,共同发挥对鲜切果蔬贮藏品质的调节作用。本文介绍了UV-C和鲜切果蔬的特点,综述了UV-C对不同鲜切果蔬中非酶抗氧化系统和酶促抗氧化系统的影响,并对未来研究前景进行了展望,旨在为探究果蔬鲜切伤害条件下,UV-C处理对果蔬抗氧化系统响应机制的影响和鲜切果蔬贮藏品质特性影响的机理,并为UV-C在鲜切果蔬上的进一步推广、应用提供参考。     

鲜切果蔬活性氧产生和抗氧化体系代谢的研究进展

新鲜果蔬经切割后,诱导组织产生O2―?、H2O2和?OH等,均可破坏植物组织中正常的活性氧代谢平衡。但是,鲜切处理同时诱导果蔬启动抗氧化系统而主动防御。本文就鲜切果蔬O2―?、H2O2等的产生,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)等抗氧化关键酶活性以及抗坏血酸、多酚化合物、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)等抗氧化物质的研究进展进行综述,以期为鲜切果蔬针对机械伤害的响应机制方面的研究提供一定的参考。     

柠檬酸处理鲜切猕猴桃在贮藏过程中抗氧化活性的变化

研究0.1、0.2、0.3 g/100 mL柠檬酸处理的鲜切猕猴桃在10 ℃贮藏10 d内抗氧化活性的变化。结果表明：鲜 切猕猴桃在贮藏期间抗氧化能力呈现下降的趋势,前期变化缓慢,后期下降趋势明显;同时,通过样品抗氧化能力 指标的测定可知,经过柠檬酸处理的鲜切猕猴桃抗氧化能力变化比未经过处理的鲜切猕猴桃抗氧化能力变化缓慢, 说明柠檬酸处理在贮藏过程中能更好的维持鲜切猕猴桃的抗氧化活性。     

应用于鲜切果蔬中的保鲜技术研究进展

鲜切果蔬因其方便、健康、新鲜等特点日益受到人们的青睐,销售量逐年增加。鲜切果蔬又称为切割果蔬、半加工果蔬、调理果蔬等,通常是指改变了蔬菜、水果物理形状、但仍然保持其新鲜状态的果蔬制品或果蔬混合产品。其生产过程一般要经过清洗、分级、修整、切分、洗涤、干燥、包装、贮存、配送等工序,可供消费者直接食用或餐饮业使用。鲜切果蔬保鲜技术对果蔬的色泽、气味、质地、营养成分、组织状态等感官方面得以最大的保留,减少果蔬因经过清洗、去皮、等机械处理过程导致的品质改变。本论文主要对现阶段鲜切果蔬的保鲜技术研究进展进行综述,其主要技术包括物理、化学和综合保鲜技术,以期为今后更深入的研究与探索提供参考与借鉴,并对未来发展方向进行了展望。     

热处理对鲜切果蔬品质影响的研究进展

鲜切果蔬方便、营养的特性越来越受到加工者和消费者的重视和青睐,然而短暂的货架期已成为限制鲜切果蔬发展的瓶颈难题。为了在保证其食用安全性的前提下,延长鲜切果蔬的货架期,有必要寻找或开发更为环保和安全的鲜切果蔬加工方法,来取代氯水清洗或其他化学试剂在果蔬去皮、切块、清洗等工序中的使用。热处理是一种传统的物理保鲜方法,而将热处理技术应用在鲜切果蔬贮藏保鲜是近年来的研究热点。为此,本文概括了热处理和热处理与其他技术相结合对鲜切果蔬感官品质、营养品质和安全品质的影响,同时归纳了热处理对鲜切果蔬保鲜的机理。以期为热处理应用于鲜切果蔬的贮藏保鲜和提高鲜切果蔬的食用安全提供参考。     

短波紫外线处理对鲜切果蔬品质及抗氧化活性的影响研究进展

鲜切果蔬因具有营养、便利、新鲜、可食率达100%等特点,越来越受到人们的关注。但鲜切果蔬由于受到机械损伤,其品质下降、易被微生物污染。短波紫外线作为一种非热力杀菌技术,近年来被研究者们用于鲜切果蔬保鲜,得到了良好的效果。本文介绍了鲜切果蔬及短波紫外线技术的特点,综述了短波紫外线处理对鲜切果蔬安全品质、营养品质及感官品质的影响及短波紫外线处理对鲜切果蔬抗氧化物质及抗氧化活性的作用,并讨论短波紫外线技术在鲜切果蔬中的应用前景,为短波紫外线处理鲜切果蔬的深入研究和推广应用提供重要的理论依据和参考。     

不同品种枣果实发育过程中多酚类物质、VC含量的变化及其抗氧化活性

为探索不同品种枣果发育过程中多酚类物质与抗氧化活性的动态变化规律,对灰枣、鸡心枣、梨枣、赞皇枣、磨盘枣、葫芦枣6 个枣品种的不同发育期果实中多酚类物质的含量及组成和VC含量及抗氧化活性进行分析测定。结果表明,供试各品种枣果实中总酚、总黄酮、VC含量和抗氧化活性均在采摘初期（幼果期）为最高,其后随着果实的发育呈逐渐下降趋势。其中总酚、总黄酮含量在绿熟期前下降迅速,绿熟期以后变化趋缓,果实接近成熟时则趋于平稳,全红期果实可较采摘初期降低60%以上;VC含量和抗氧化活性在白熟期前下降较快,白熟期后降幅变小。高效液相色谱（high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC）分析结果显示,儿茶素、表儿茶素、芦丁是供试各品种枣果实中最主要的酚类物质,这些酚类物质含量在枣果实发育过程中也呈下降趋势,但在不同品种间存在较大差异。供试枣果实抗氧化活性与其中的总酚、总黄酮、VC以及儿茶素、表儿茶素、芦丁等主要酚类物质的含量均存在极显著相关关系（P＜0.01）,其中尤以芦丁、表儿茶素、儿茶素与抗氧化活性的相关性较高,说明芦丁、表儿茶素、儿茶素等多酚类物质是枣果中最主要的抗氧化活性成分。磨盘枣、葫芦枣具有较高的多酚类物质含量和抗氧化活性,鸡心枣具有较高的VC含量,是功能性枣果及其加工制品生产的理想品种。     

Maintaining Antioxidant Potential of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables After Harvest

The consumption of fruits and vegetables has increased in the past few years, not only because of their attractive sensorial properties, but also for their nutritional and health benefits. Antioxidants are compounds found in fresh fruits and vegetables, and evidence of their role in the prevention of degenerative diseases is continuously emerging. However, the antioxidants in some fruits and vegetables can be lost during handling after harvest, even during minimal processing and storage. In this sense, postharvest treatments are needed to preserve the quality and antioxidant potential of fresh produce. Postharvest treatments and technologic strategies (including ultraviolet light, controlled and modified atmospheres, heat treatments, and application of natural compounds, such as edible coatings, active packaging, microencapsulation, and nanoemulsion) have shown positive and promising results to maintain fruit and vegetable antioxidant potential. The purpose of this review is to analyze and propose the application of postharvest strategies to maintain, or even improve, the antioxidant status of fruits and vegetables, thus offering options to maximize health benefits to consumers.     

大气压冷等离子体在鲜切果蔬保鲜中的应用研究进展

鲜切果蔬因具有新鲜方便、无添加剂和营养价值高等优点而广受消费者喜爱,但是鲜切果蔬在加工和贮藏过程中极易受微生物污染,导致食品品质劣变并缩短货架期.大气压冷等离子体(Atmospheric cold plasma,ACP)是一种新型非热加工技术,广泛应用于食品及生物医药领域.本文综述了ACP对鲜切果蔬表面微生物的灭活效果...