蓝莓、黑莓原果汁及7种天然红色素果汁饮料 产品的比较

目的比较几种蓝莓、黑莓原果汁及天然红色素果汁饮料的品质。方法通过对6品种蓝莓、黑莓果汁出汁率、可溶性固形物、总酸含量、色价、总花色苷含量及花色苷降解指数等品质指标的比较,并制备黑莓果汁饮料,与6种市售蓝莓、桑葚果汁饮料的品质进行比较。结果 6品种原果汁的可溶性固形物含量在8.8%~14.2%范围内,总酸含量在0.447%~1.604%之间,色价为6~45,总花色苷含量在22~83 mg/100 mL之间,花色苷降解指数为1.10~1.23,出汁率为60%~70%,其中园蓝和宝森原果汁的品质较好。7种果汁产品的品质差异较大,其中黑莓果汁饮料的果汁含量30%,色价为3.63±0.050,总花色苷含量6.70±0.019 mg/100 mL,花色苷降解指数1.34,仅次于果汁含量95%的蓝百蓓有机野生蓝莓汁。蓝百蓓野生蓝莓汁和光明桑果汁饮料的品质适中,受欢迎度高。结论原果汁品质从高到低依次为园蓝、宝森、赫尔、切斯特、灿烂、巨蓝;果汁产品品质从高到低依次为蓝百蓓有机野生蓝莓汁、黑莓果汁饮料、光明桑果汁饮料、蓝百蓓野生蓝莓汁、萃雅源蓝莓汁、绿情野生蓝莓汁、金双谷蓝莓汁。     

五种果汁的酚类组成及其抗氧化、抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性研究

本文对比研究了五种果汁中维生素C与总酚含量,采用高效液相色谱法测定了果汁中的酚类组成,并采用化学法和细胞法评价了果汁的抗氧化和抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性.刺梨汁的维生素C含量最高,为14.13 g/L.刺梨汁和沙棘汁的总酚含量最高,分别为13.06和12.53 g GAE/L,且二者无显著性差异(P>0.05).从5种果汁中共...     

Anthocyanin profile of red fruits and black carrot juices,purees and concentrates by HPLC‐DAD‐ESI/MS‐QTOF

A fast and reliable method for anthocyanin extraction and identification by HPLC‐DAD‐ESI/MS‐QTOF was used to analyse the anthocyanin composition of commercial red fruit juices (blackberry, redcurrant and pomegranate), purees (strawberry, cherry and raspberry) and concentrates (elderberry, blueberry and red grape). The anthocyanin profile of black carrot juice is also reported. The extraction and analysis method allowed us to detect and quantify a wide range of individual anthocyanins in a simple and rapid way. Pelargonidin‐3‐glucoside was detected in redcurrant for the first time and petunidin‐3‐galactoside quantified for the first time in blueberries. Considering the health benefits that have been associated with anthocyanin consumption, all these fruit and vegetables processed products could appear as a good source of this group of phytochemical compounds for their direct consumption or their use as ingredients for the design of new food product or food supplements.     

草莓、黑莓、蓝莓中多酚类物质及其抗氧化活性研究

研究草莓、黑莓、蓝莓3种小浆果的总酚、总黄酮、原花青素含量及其总抗氧化能力。结果表明:蓝莓全果的总酚、总黄酮、原花青素含量在所测3种浆果全果中最高,分别为9.44mg没食子酸/g干质量、36.08mg芦丁/g干质量、24.38mg儿茶素/g干质量;其总抗氧化能力也最强,达14.98mmol Trolox/100g干质量。草莓的总酚、总黄酮、原花青素含量则最低,抗氧化能力也最弱。此外,3种浆果果渣中的总酚、总黄酮、原花青素含量以及总抗氧化能力均高于全果和果汁,即果渣>全果>果汁。总酚含量、总黄酮含量以及原花青素含量与总抗氧化能力之间的相关性分析表明,总酚含量与总抗氧化能力之间存在显著线性相关,相关系数r达到0.9704,表明酚类物质是其抗氧化作用的主要物质基础。     

Comparison of the polyphenolic composition and antioxidant activity of European commercial fruit juices

Thirty six commercial European fruit juices were tested to ascertain their antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic composition. Six of the products were labelled 100% pomegranate juice, the others included 20 brands of diluted pomegranate juice or pomegranate blended with other fruit juices and 10 different non-pomegranate fruit juices. The antioxidant capacity of all the juices was determined while anthocyanin, ellagitannin and ellagic acid profiles of the 26 pomegranate juices and pomegranate juice blends were obtained using HPLC-PDA-MS(2). Additional analysis was conducted on seven of the juices using HPLC with an on-line antioxidant detection system. Three of the "pure" pomegranate juices had the highest ellagitannin content and the highest antioxidant capacity. Only one of these three juices was rich in anthocyanins. The other "pure juices" had differences in their HPLC "pomegranate" fingerprint and also had a lower antioxidant capacity, in some cases lower than that of some of the blended juices. Vitamin C rather than phenolic compounds was the major contributor to the antioxidant capacity for some of the juices. Statistical analysis of both the antioxidant assay and the HPLC on-line antioxidant data demonstrated that the ellagitannins were the major antioxidants in the pomegranate juices. The complexity of the polyphenolic profile of pomegranates necessitates the use of HPLC-PDA-MS(2) for a thorough evaluation of juice composition and authenticity.     

Effect of blackberry and raspberry juice on whey protein emulsion stability

The effect of raspberry and blackberry juice on oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion oxidative stability was investigated with different concentrations of whey proteins and rapeseed oil. The extent of lipid oxidation was measured by determining conjugated diene hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and that of protein oxidation by loss of natural tryptophan fluorescence and formation of protein carbonyl compounds. In addition, the anthocyanin colour stability and emulsion turbidity were measured. The increasing concentration of whey proteins and berry juices led to enhanced stabilization of the interface formed during emulsification. The anthocyanin concentration and colour decreased during oxidation leading to whiter emulsions. Raspberry juice provided a better overall antioxidant protection towards lipid and protein oxidation compared to blackberry juice. The antioxidant activity of berry juices towards lipid oxidation varied with concentration. The antioxidant activity increased with increasing concentration of berry juices. In conclusion, red berry juice anthocyanins, as well as other phenolic compounds, act as antioxidants improving the oxidative stability of whey protein emulsions. However, the antioxidant protection is different towards protein and lipid oxidation, and is also affected by other components present.     

Removal of phenolic compounds in pomegranate juices using ultrafiltration and laccase-ultrafiltration combinations

Phenolic compounds of fruit juices are responsible for haze and sediment formation as well as for color, bitterness and astringency. The influence of ultrafiltration (UF) and laccase-UF combination was investigated on phenolic contents of pomegranate juices and on filtration output. Laccase-treated and then ultrafiltered pomegranate juices have shown a rapid increase in their color, when compared to only ultrafiltered (control) samples. Kinetic parameters of laccase were also determined. During the oxidation period, the changes occurring in pomegranate juices were estimated from phenolic contents, color and anthocyanin measurements. Results have shown that laccase oxidation produced a significant decrease in phenolic content of pomegranate juices while juice color the increased. However, in recent literatures, the possibility to remove polyphenols in apple juices was reported. We decided in this study that laccase treatment can not be applied due to the loss of natural red color and unwanted dark brownish color formation in pomegranate juice.     

Removal of phenolic compounds in pomegranate juices using ultrafiltration and laccase‐ultrafiltration combinations

Phenolic compounds of fruit juices are responsible for haze and sediment formation as well as for color, bitterness and astringency. The influence of ultrafiltration (UF) and laccase‐UF combination was investigated on phenolic contents of pomegranate juices and on filtration output. Laccase‐treated and then ultrafiltered pomegranate juices have shown a rapid increase in their color, when compared to only ultrafiltered (control) samples. Kinetic parameters of laccase were also determined. During the oxidation period, the changes occurring in pomegranate juices were estimated from phenolic contents, color and anthocyanin measurements. Results have shown that laccase oxidation produced a significant decrease in phenolic content of pomegranate juices while juice color the increased. However, in recent literatures, the possibility to remove polyphenols in apple juices was reported. We decided in this study that laccase treatment can not be applied due to the loss of natural red color and unwanted dark brownish color formation in pomegranate juice.     

石榴-胡萝卜复合饮料理化性质、抗氧化活性及其货架期的研究

以石榴、胡萝卜为原料,按质量比1∶3、1∶1、3∶1混合配制石榴-胡萝卜汁复合饮料,研究常温(25±1)℃下60 d的储存期内其物理化学性质(pH值、可溶性固形物、总酸度)、抗坏血酸、总酚以及抗氧化活性的变化,并对复合汁进行感官评价。结果表明,3个样品的pH值分别为4.04、3.92和3.38,可溶性固形物分别为5.02%、6.14%和8.13%,总酸度分别为0.74、0.74 g/100 mL和0.77 g/100 mL,在60 d的货架期pH值有所降低,可溶固形物含量没有明显的变化,而总酸度有所增加。抗坏血酸含量以质量比为1∶3的混合汁占优,总酚含量、DPPH自由基清除率以质量比为3∶1的混合汁占优,3项指标在货架周期内呈总体下降趋势。质量比为1∶1的石榴-胡萝卜复合汁感官评价得分最高。     

Phytochemical characterisation for industrial use of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars grown in Spain

BACKGROUND: The study of 15 pomegranate cultivars was carried out in order to demonstrate the wide diversity among the quality of Spanish pomegranates, and compared to ‘Wonderful’ cultivars, which are used worldwide for industrial purposes. Juice yield, quality parameters, organic acids and sugars, colour, vitamin C, ellagic acid, punicalagins, anthocyanins, total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and sensory properties were measured. RESULTS: A considerable variation was found between ‘Wonderful’ and pomegranates of Spanish origin, according to both cluster analysis and principal component analysis. ‘Wonderful’ juices displayed large antioxidant activity and a polyphenol content with very high acidity. In contrast, ‘Mollar de Elche’ showed fewer anthocyanins although it had very superior organoleptical properties. In addition to a high content in ellagitannins, ‘Valenciana’ juices had exclusive colour parameters. CONCLUSION: These useful results can be employed by the juice processing industry to select those properties more interesting for the development of pomegranate juices that are organoleptically attractive and rich in bioactive compounds. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

复合乳酸菌发酵蓝莓黑莓混合汁过程中的品质变化

以鲜榨并经灭菌的蓝莓黑莓混合果汁为原料,接入3种不同的乳酸菌（植物乳杆菌、乳酸乳杆菌、肠膜明串珠杆菌）进行发酵,研究发酵过程中乳酸菌活菌数、pH、总酸、总糖、还原糖、总酚、体外抗氧化和抑菌活性变化规律。结果表明,乳酸菌在混合果汁中生长良好,24 h时活菌数最高,为1.23×108 cfu/mL;发酵过程中,pH值不断降低,由最初的5.50降低到3.75,总酸含量呈不断上升趋势,从初始含量0.15 g/100 mL上升到2.15 g/100 mL;还原糖呈先短暂上升然后下降趋势,发酵至6 h为最高值2.63 g/L,总糖被微生物利用消耗, 质量浓度不断下降,42 h后趋于0 g/L;总酚含量从2.32 mg/mL升高到3.26 mg/mL,发酵前后增加了40.52%;DPPH·、羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除能力比未发酵前分别提升了18.17%、30.67%和34.55%。发酵混合汁对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、酿酒酵母和黑曲霉等几种微生物的抑菌作用显著,抑菌效果随发酵时间而逐渐提高。因此,利用复合乳酸菌发酵来提升蓝莓黑莓混合汁品质和开发功能性产品具有重要意义。     

Effect of mixing time, freeze-drying and baking on phenolics, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity of raspberry juice during processing of muffins

BACKGROUND: Consumption of baked products constitutes an important part of a daily breakfast considering that people are continually grabbing meals on the go. Among baked products, muffins rank third in breakfast products and attract a broad range of consumers. Incorporation of red raspberry juice into muffins can add value to the product while preserving health benefits to the consumer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of mixing time, freeze‐drying and baking on the phenolic and anthocyanin contents and antioxidant capacity of raspberry juice during the preparation of muffins. RESULTS: Freeze‐drying of raspberry batters reduced their phenolic content and antioxidant capacity regardless of mixing time. Non‐freeze‐dried raspberry batter mixed for 5 min had the highest phenolic content (0.88 mg gallic acid equivalent g^?1 dry matter (DM)). Non‐freeze‐dried raspberry muffins had the highest antioxidant capacity (0.041 µmol Trolox equivalent g^?1 DM). Freeze‐dried raspberry batters mixed for 5 and 10 min had the highest anthocyanin content (0.065 mg cyanidin‐3‐glucoside g^?1 DM). Baking reduced the anthocyanin content of both non‐freeze‐dried and freeze‐dried raspberry muffins. CONCLUSION: Despite the reduction in valuable compounds, muffin is a vehicle for the delivery of these compounds. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Evaluation of Microbial Stability,Bioactive Compounds,Physicochemical Properties,and Consumer Acceptance of Pomegranate Juice Processed in a Commercial Scale Pulsed Electric Field System

This paper investigated the feasibility for pasteurizing raw (100 %) pomegranate juice in a commercial scale pulsed electric field (PEF) processing system. The juice was processed at 35 and 38 kV/cm for 281 μs at 55 °C with a flow rate of 100 L/h. Effect of PEF processing on microbial stability, color, °Brix, pH, sediment, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, anthocyanin, and sensory properties after the treatments and during storage at 4 °C for 12 weeks were studied and compared to those of thermally processed juice. PEF treatments significantly (p?<?0.05) inhibited the growth of total aerobic bacteria, which remained at <2.5 log colony-forming units (CFU)/ml during the 12-week storage. No yeast and mold were detected (<0.69 log CFU/ml) in the PEF-treated juices during storage up to weeks 10 and 12, which is similar to the thermally processed juice. There were no significant differences in pH and °Brix values between the PEF processed juice and unprocessed juice. PEF processing did not alter the contents of total phenolics and anthocyanin as compared to unprocessed juice. PEF processing had significantly (p?<?0.05) less impact on the color of pomegranate juice than thermal processing. PEF-treated juice had the same consumer satisfaction scores as the unprocessed juice, which were significantly (p?<?0.05) higher than thermally processed juice samples. There was no significant difference between the two PEF treatments in all results. This study demonstrated that PEF technology extended microbial shelf-life and preserved the major quality and nutritional characteristics of pomegranate juice, and hence, is technically feasible for commercialization in the juice industry.     

Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Raspberry and Blackberry Cultivars

ABSTRACT: Raspberry (Aksu Kırmızısı, Rubin, Newburgh, Hollanda Boduru, Heritage) and blackberry (Bursa 1, Bursa 2, Jumbo, Chester) cultivars were assayed for antioxidant activity (determined as 2,2-azino-di-[3-ethylbenzothialozine-sulphonic acid][ABTS], 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical [DPPH], and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity [CUPRAC]), total phenol, total flavonoid, and total anthocyanin contents. In addition, 10 anthocyanins and anthocyanidins were determined in raspberry and blackberry by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Raspberry and blackberry had the highest ABTS, DPPH, CUPRAC, total phenol, and total flavonoid contents in methanol extracts, whereas total anthocyanin contents were the highest in water extracts. The antioxidant activity of the raspberry and blackberry was directly related to the total amount of phenolic compounds detected in the raspberry and blackberry. All antioxidant activity values were highly correlated with anthocyanin content in blackberry (0.93 ≤ r ≤ 0.99, P = 0.05). On the other hand, high correlation between total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity was recorded in water extract of blackberry (0.91 ≤ r ≤ 0.93, P = 0.05). ABTS value was highly correlated with total flavonoid content in methanol extract (r = 0.90), whereas total flavonoid content was relatively less correlated with DPPH (r = 0.85) and CUPRAC (r = 0.89).     

Physico-chemical and sensory properties of pomegranate juices with pomegranate albedo and carpellar membranes homogenate

Five pomegranate juice samples were studied: one made only from pomegranate arils, two with different concentrations of albedo and carpellar membranes homogenate (20 and 50 g L⁻¹), and two with the same levels of homogenate , but strained after 48 h to eliminate residual particles from the albedo. Total soluble solids content, pH, tritatable acidity, total phenolic content, volatile composition, and sensory flavor analysis were conducted to determine the main differences among samples. Samples with 5 g L⁻¹ homogenate (either with or without straining) had significantly higher total phenolic content than the other samples. Only slight differences in intensity of sensory properties were found among the juices, which might be due to fruit variability. Only slight variability was found in the volatile composition of the samples. Aldehydes, alcohols and terpene compounds were the three volatile groups present in all samples. Adding albedo and carpellar membranes homogenate, and straining the juice (some hours later) could be a good tool to increase healthy properties without decreasing acceptance of the product.     

A new drink rich in healthy bioactives combining lemon and pomegranate juices

Nowadays, the interest in dietary antioxidants, mainly present in fruits and vegetables, has prompted research in the field of commercial polyphenol-rich beverages. The main objective of the present work was to produce new polyphenol-rich beverages using lemon and pomegranate juices in different proportions (at 25%, 50% and 75% for both juices). The bioactive composition (flavonoids and vitamin C) of the mixtures as well as its stability, antioxidant capacity and changes in colour over a 70 days storage period were studied. Our results suggest that the new drink made of 75% of pomegranate juice (PJ) and 25% of lemon juice (v:v), has potential for development of new healthy beverages or food products, emphasised by its high antioxidant capacity determined by its phenolic composition – punicalagin isomers, anthocyanins and vitamin C – and improved colour properties.     

Influence of origin source, different fruit tissue and juice extraction methods on anthocyanin, phenolic acid, hydrolysable tannin and isolariciresinol contents of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits and juices

To gain more comprehensive knowledge of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit composition and its impact on juice features, fruits and juices produced from fruits of eleven different provenances were investigated by HPLC–DAD-ESI/MSⁿ for their monomeric phenolic and lignan profiles. Total phenolics and antioxidant capacity were monitored by the Folin-Ciocalteu, ferric reducing antioxidative power and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assays. Peels, mesocarp, seeds and juices obtained from isolated arils (PJAs) as well as from entire fruits were separately analyzed. Ellagitannins were found to be the predominant phenolics in all samples except in PJAs. However, due to the low lignan amounts, only isolariciresinol could be quantitated in peels and mesocarp. The peels and mesocarp revealed highest contents of hydrolyzable tannins (27–172 g/kg and 32–263 g/kg, respectively) and isolariciresinol (4.9–19.8 mg/kg and 5.0–13.6 mg/kg, respectively). To the best of our knowledge, a systematic investigation of monomeric phenolic compounds and isolariciresinol considering diverse pomegranate fruits has been performed for the first time. The study demonstrates that raw material and extraction process have significant impact on juice composition and thus must be carefully selected. Furthermore, pomegranate processors should select juice extraction processes according to the final designation of the product, that is, distinguish between dietary products being rich in phenolic compounds having an astringent taste, and juices for consumption having an appealing taste but lower amounts of phenolics, respectively. This study may further contribute to facilitate authenticity control of diverse pomegranate products and help predict sensory and biofunctional characteristics of pomegranate juices.     

Total phenols and antioxidant capacity in 10 Moroccan pomegranate varieties

The study focused on characterizing the 10 major Moroccan cultivars to acknowledge the quality and bioactive compounds of the fruits. The following determinations were assessed: pomegranate fruit maturity index, which truly defines juice taste, as well as organic acids and sugar contents, total phenols, and antioxidant activity of pomegranate juice. The cultivar per se (genotype) behaved as the most influencing factor conditioning pomegranate sugar and organic acids profiles, antioxidant activity, and total phenolics. The assessment of pomegranate chemical compositions implies the great potential of Moroccan cultivars for both fresh market and fruit processing. In fact, the "Hamde" sour cv. seems particularly suitable for juice production because of its high phenolics content. Additionally, the presence of bioactive compounds in pomegranate juices may encourage their consumption for potential health benefits. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The cultivar per se (genotype) behaved as the most influencing factor conditioning pomegranate sugar and organic acids profiles, antioxidant activity, and total phenolics. Given the divergence observed on bioactive compounds concentrations and antioxidant activity among evaluated cultivars, the genotype factor should be considered as the most influencing factor in future breeding programs to enhance the synthesis of beneficial bioactive compounds.     

Relationships between colour parameters,phenolic content and sensory changes of processed blueberry,elderberry and blackcurrant commercial juices

There is an increased interest in the consumption of fruits containing high phenolic concentrations such as berry fruits. Attractive colour of berries plays a vital role for consumer acceptance. The aim of this work was to evaluate colour parameters (a*, b*, L*), phenolic content and sensory changes of blueberry, elderberry and blackcurrant (BC) pasteurised commercial juices during accelerate storage. Initial phenolic concentration was 3.21, 10.06, 10.72 g GAE L^?1 for blueberry, elderberry and BC, respectively. Moreover, phenolic concentration of all juices decreased by approximately 40% throughout the first 30 days. Blueberry exhibited a substantial decrease in a* (40%) in the first 30 days, while elderberry presented a gradual decrease and BC only presented a slight decrease (7%) at the end of storage. Colour preferences decreased when storage time increased. However, when consumers were informed that ‘the juices are a rich source of phenolics, which contribute to reducing risk of suffering chronic diseases’, a high level of purchase intention was obtained.     

BERRY SEEDS: A SOURCE OF SPECIALTY OILS WITH HIGH CONTENT OF BIOACTIVES AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE

Selected berry seed oils from blackberry, blueberry, cranberry, strawberry, red raspberry and kiwi were characterized for their quality and nutritional characteristics. These oils are by-products of berry juice production that have only recently gained commercial interest. Free fatty acid content was below 1.6% for all examined oil samples. Peroxide value ranged between 0.6 and 44 mg O₂/kg oil for blackberry and kiwi seed oils, respectively, and p -anisidine value varied from 6 in cranberry to 23 in strawberry. Linolenic acid content ranged from 17.53% in blackberry seed oil to 57.60% in kiwi seed oil. The oxidative stability of all oils was rather low (0.17 h for kiwi to 8.4 h for blackberry at 97.8C). Phytosterol contents ranged between 403 and 692 mg/100 g for blackberry and cranberry, respectively. The content of tocols (tocopherol  +  tocotrienol) varied from 34.4 for kiwi to 2,133 mg/kg for red raspberry seed oils.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

A waste stream of fruit processing is used to extract the oil from berry seeds. Such oils are particularly rich in essential fatty acids (with a favorable low n-6/n-3 ratio) and antioxidants. They are incorporated in cosmetic preparations such as hand and body creams, and shampoos. Their composition is also interesting from a nutritional point of view. As the commercial interest is growing, chemical studies are necessary to elucidate the composition, activity and stability of different berry seed oils.