催化裂化装置气控式外取热器浅析

以取热器的基本取热原理为出发点，着重分析了外取热器中催化剂侧传热系数和催化剂循环的影响因素，从理论上分析了外取热器的运行状况，得出了一些规律。     

催化裂化装置外取热器运行分析

介绍克拉玛依石化公司催化裂化装置外取热器不同于其它同类装置外取热器的稀相运行方式,结合装置的相关工艺参数对装置外取热器进行了能力核算和分析。从计算结果看,该运行方式不仅满足了生产工艺、安全的需要,而且提供了一种特有的操作方式。探讨了装置外取热器稀相运行情况和操作特点,并对实现该设备的长周期运行提出了建议。     

催化裂化装置外取热器运行异常分析

中国石油化工股份有限公司洛阳分公司Ⅱ套催化裂化装置外取热系统自2011年改造后,出现难流化,难建立循环的现象,无法灵活调整外取热器产汽量,给生产造成很大影响.针对进料复杂多变、外取热器难以流化的现状,采取了外取热器单器流化的操作模式,以保证装置具备灵活的取热手段.分析认为外取热器简体内流化风管的流化状态对外取热器流化有重要影响.装置检修期间,对外取热器进行了改造,主要改造内容是简体内的流化风环.改造后,外取热器循环流化和产汽较之前有大幅度改善,为生产优化提供了保障.     

FCC装置下流式密相催化剂强化传热外取热器的开发和应用

中国石化工程建设公司等单位联合开发的新型FCC装置下流式密相催化剂强化传热外取热器采用钉头强化传热管，催化剂对管壁的传热系数比光表面传热管大60％～80％，而且结构简单，高温下受力分布好，不易发生破裂和变形，使用寿命较长。该取热器在扬子石化炼油厂800kt／a渣油FCC装置上投用，两年的运行结果表明，与原联箱式外取热器相比，平均多产蒸汽10t／h，每年节能达640万元。同时因操作平稳，一年多加工原料90kt，特别在装置烧焦量较大的情况下，运行良好，满足了装置生产的要求。     

催化裂化装置外取热器的工艺改进

为了解决中国石油克拉玛依石化有限责任公司催化裂化装置外取热器炉管泄露,发汽量下降的问题,对外取热器进行改造,并将操作工艺由稀相操作改为密相操作。结果表明:改变外流化风返回再生器的位置,增加1路工业风,并采用密相操作后,外取热器炉管5 a内未发生泄漏,发汽量稳定;与稀相操作相比,3.5 MPa蒸汽的发汽量约增加2万t/a。     

重油催化裂化装置外取热器应用

介绍中国石化工股份有限公司广州分公司重油催化裂化装置再生器外取热器的结构、流程和应用情况，以及开工运行过程中出现的问题和解决对策。根据生产数据核算外取热器取热情况，结合装置原料多变的实际，认为其取热范围偏窄。核算外取热器能力与主风机改造后能力的匹配关系，得出了现有外取热器取热量偏小的结论，提出了进一步提高取热量的改进措施。     

浅谈渣油催化裂化装置外取热器

介绍国内外外取热器的发展和特点，并针对乙烯厂催化裂化装置的外取热器设计形式，提出了开好外取热器的要点及注意事项，为今后节能和装置的平稳生产做好了必要的准备工作。     

催化裂化装置的能量系统优化

运用能量利用系统的“三环节”能量流结构理论,对催化裂化装置的能量系统优化进行探讨。指出了降低催经裂化装置能耗的三大途径,重点分析了催化裂化装置热源（主要是反应油气）与原料预热、吸收稳定再沸器发生蒸汽及气分再沸器等热阱匹配的可行性和工程限制条件,对热源、热阱构成的换热网络优化合成问题进行了探讨,并给出两个应用实例。     

重油催化裂化装置外取热器管束的更换吊装

外取热器是兰州石化分公司重油催化装置中的主要设备,属高温、高压设备.长时间运行后其管束发生了扭曲及变形,需要更换.外取热器位于热油泵房、再生器、催化剂罐、大型烟道的中间,所处位置给管束吊装带来了很大的难度.对外取热器管束的更换吊装过程进行了阐述,可为类似设备安装提供参考.     

Use of a Modified RFG-FSIR Catalyst in a Catalytic Cracking Unit

The modified RFG-FSIR catalyst was used in one catalytic cracking unit for reducing olefin content (v) of catalytically cracked gasoline. RFG-FSIR was the model number of the catalytic agent. The experimental data were compared with the blend data. As a result, activity, stability, and fluidization capability of this catalyst were good. More than that, this catalyst can reduce olefin content effectively. At the same time, octane number of catalytically cracked gasoline was reduced. All in all, this catalyst was effective.     

催化裂化催化剂

2000年以来,中国石油兰州石化公司与石油化工研究院围绕国内清洁汽油生产、劣质重油加工以及多产低碳烯烃等技术领域,相继开发成功了LBO系列降烯烃催化剂、LIP系列多产异构烷烃催化剂、     

板式空气冷却器在催化裂化装置分馏塔顶冷却系统的应用

介绍了催化裂化装置分馏塔顶油气冷却系统改造中采用板式空气冷却器代替原斜顶翅片管式空冷器的情况,改造时增设4台U型管热交换器与炼油厂三低温热水进行换热。改造后系统换热效果较好,系统压降、气压机的负荷降低,减少了装置的能耗。     

FCC复活催化剂在重油催化裂化装置的工业应用

石油资源的重质化和劣质化,导致催化裂化(FCC)催化剂重金属污染问题日益突出。国内的FCC催化剂因失活多为一次性使用,需定期卸出废催化剂(即平衡催化剂)。大庆石化公司二套重油催化裂化装置试用某公司生产的FCC复活催化剂,应用结果表明,该复活催化剂可以部分替代新鲜催化剂进入装置使用,每年减少固体废弃物排放139.5 t,节约新鲜催化剂成本36.3万元,提高了行业整体经济效益。     

催化裂化装置沉降器旋风分离器翼阀更换

催化裂化装置中使用的沉降器旋风分离器翼阀,由于角度变大导致其舌板封闭不严及表面出现沟槽,造成了催化剂的异常跑损。考虑到翼阀材质15CrMo的焊接性及其安装角度要求较高的特点,制定了详细的改造施工方案,顺利完成了翼阀的更换。     

Additional Feedstock for Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

Abstract

Fuel refineries are configured with Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU) to convert Vacuum Gas Oils (VGO) into higher value gasoline and middle distillates. But such refineries also generate 8–12% of heavy oils known either as decant oil or clarified oil (CLO), which has to be downgraded as furnace oil. The recycling of the decant oil into FCCU along with VGO feed is restricted to maintain the coke formation within design limits so that there is no decrease either in conversion or yield of liquid products from FCC operations. The condensed aromatic ring compounds present in CLO makes it undesirable feedstock for cracking, as it promotes heavy coke formation on the catalyst. Hence, CLO is disposed by absorbing in the residual fuel oils.

Of late, FCC units are being operated with higher severity to maximize gasoline, and this has resulted in much higher concentration of condensed aromatics in CLO. Hence, better utilization of CLO depends on separating its saturated hydrocarbon components as a good feedstock for recycling into FCCU with the simultaneous production of extract with enriched poly condensed aromatics as a value added product, namely Carbon Black Feed Stock (CBFS). This article describes several extraction studies carried out on CLO to obtain raffinate for which cracking studies were carried out in automated Micro Activity Test (MAT) unit. The quality of extract phase from each of the above studies was evaluated for its suitability as feedstock for carbon black.     

煤焦油催化裂解过程钙-镁催化剂的抗积碳性能

采用两段式固定床反应器进行了煤焦油Ca-Mg催化裂解的实验研究,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及比表面积测试(BET)等手段表征反应前后Ca-Mg催化剂的物化特性,考察了添加Fe2O3助剂对Ca-Mg催化剂抗失活性能的影响。结果表明：长时间裂解反应中积炭叠加导致Ca-Mg催化剂失活,当积炭率达到3%~5%时,出现焦油裂解率降低的拐点;Ca-Mg催化剂中Fe2O3的加入,因积炭与Fe2O3发生慢速固-固反应,明显延迟了Ca-Mg催化剂活性拐点的出现,从而提高了Ca-Mg催化剂的抗积炭性能。     

Additional Feedstock for Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit

Fuel refineries are configured with Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU) to convert Vacuum Gas Oils (VGO) into higher value gasoline and middle distillates. But such refineries also generate 8-12% of heavy oils known either as decant oil or clarified oil (CLO), which has to be downgraded as furnace oil. The recycling of the decant oil into FCCU along with VGO feed is restricted to maintain the coke formation within design limits so that there is no decrease either in conversion or yield of liquid products from FCC operations. The condensed aromatic ring compounds present in CLO makes it undesirable feedstock for cracking, as it promotes heavy coke formation on the catalyst. Hence, CLO is disposed by absorbing in the residual fuel oils.

Of late, FCC units are being operated with higher severity to maximize gasoline, and this has resulted in much higher concentration of condensed aromatics in CLO. Hence, better utilization of CLO depends on separating its saturated hydrocarbon components as a good feedstock for recycling into FCCU with the simultaneous production of extract with enriched poly condensed aromatics as a value added product, namely Carbon Black Feed Stock (CBFS). This article describes several extraction studies carried out on CLO to obtain raffinate for which cracking studies were carried out in automated Micro Activity Test (MAT) unit. The quality of extract phase from each of the above studies was evaluated for its suitability as feedstock for carbon black.