分布式复杂事件流处理平台的研究

复杂事件处理是大数据时代的关键技术之一。针对现有的复杂事件处理平台存在的各种问题,提出并设计了一个以复杂事件流处理语言CEStream为基础的分布式复杂事件流处理平台,实现了基于正规树模式的事件检测功能,支持多数据源的复杂事件处理。针对多数据源组合事件模式的检测需求,该平台可以将复杂事件分解为多个独立的事件检测任务,部署在集群中不同节点和远端的事件检测代理上。实验结果表明,系统的吞吐量和响应时间达到了预期结果,可以满足目前主流的复杂事件处理的应用需求。     

一种复杂事件处理语言的自定义函数功能扩展

为使复杂事件处理语言满足股票分析、故障监控等行业的细粒度查询需求,本文为一种复杂事件处理语言CEStream扩展支持细粒度数据处理的用户自定义函数功能。函数通过对数据逐个处理和函数重载实现细粒度处理功能。同时函数内可调用原有语句,给用户提供基础的模块化功能,提高语言的复用性。实验结果表明扩展的函数功能使语言能够支持更细粒度的查询需求,同时在完成相同查询需求时使用函数相对于使用原有语句完成系统吞吐量基本相同。     

面向RFID数据处理的复杂事件模式匹配方法

RFID数据具有不确定性,复杂事件处理技术将RFID数据看作不同类型的事件,从事件流中检测符合特定匹配模式的复杂事件。概率事件流分为多项概率事件流和单项概率事件流;针对多项概率事件流,提出NFA-MMG模式匹配方法,亦即使用多个有向无环图结合自动机实现模式匹配。针对单项概率事件流,提出NFA-Tree模式匹配方法,亦即使用匹配树结合自动机实现模式匹配;并提出改进的NFA-Tree方法,即基于概率阈值进行过滤,提高结果过滤效率。实验结果验证了上述模式匹配方法的性能优势。     

分布式上下文敏感复杂事件处理方法

针对物联网事件云的复杂事件处理面临的海量事件规模、分布式数据处理、上下文相关等挑战,提出一种分布式的上下文敏感复杂事件处理方法。该方法基于模糊本体进行事件上下文的表示和推理,通过查询重写支持事件上下文处理,并基于查询规划和数据划分进行分布式处理与启发式优化。实验结果表明,该方法能够处理模糊事件上下文,对于大规模物联网事件云上下文敏感复杂事件的处理具有比一般方法更好的性能和可伸缩性。     

Ceper:一个高性能复杂事件处理引擎

复杂事件处理技术从连续的输入事件流中分析并提取出满足特定模式的事件序列。它将传统先存储静态数据再进行处理和挖掘的数据处理方法,转变为实时处理动态事件流,更加符合真实世界的数据处理模式,能够高效及时地从数据流中过滤出相对少量的具有应用价值的数据。文章设计并实现了一个高性能复杂事件处理引擎——Ceper,提出了Ceper的事件处理模型,展示了它的系统结构和模式匹配树的方法 PMT,介绍了Ceper的实现的关键技术,并进行了一定的测试。     

PMTree:一种高效的事件流模式匹配方法

复杂事件处理技术从多个持续事件流中分析并提取满足特定模式的事件序列.高吞吐率场景下,如何快速准确地识别事件序列是复杂事件处理技术中一个非常重要的问题.现在事件流的模式匹配方法——NFA、Petri网、有向图等——存在语义描述能力不足、部分算子实现代价高等缺陷.针对这一现状,设计并实现了一种基于树的模式匹配方法——PMTree.PMTree定义了事件模型及相应事件算子,将事件序列映射为树节点,同时将时间窗口约束及谓词约束等放置在相应节点,这些树节点连接成一棵PMTree来支持实时的事件筛选与过滤.进一步研究了PMTree构建过程中的优化策略,并提出了开销模型以及优化构建算法,以尽可能减少模式匹配开销.实验结果表明,相同测试条件下基于PMTree实现的复杂事件处理引擎Cesar吞吐率是基于NFA实现的开源引擎Esper的3～6倍,并且在不同事件量或事件序列复杂度下性能表现稳定.     

面向物联网的分布式上下文敏感复杂事件处理方法

物联网产生的数据具有大数据特征,而这些数据难以用现有数据处理技术进行有效处理.作为物联网中间件的核心技术,复杂事件处理技术具备大数据的海量、复杂性等特征和实时处理的需求.上下文敏感是复杂事件处理引擎的重要特征.提出一种高效的面向物联网的分布式上下文敏感复杂事件处理架构和方法.该方法使用模糊本体进行上下文建模,以支持事件的不确定性及模糊事件查询问题.以基于模糊本体的查询和基于相似性的分布式推理为基础,生成复杂事件查询规划,并通过查询重写,把上下文相关查询转换为上下文无关子查询.根据不同的事件模型和上下文划分数据,并通过优化和多级并行来提高性能.实验结果表明该方法能够处理模糊事件上下文,对于面向物联网的分布式上下文敏感复杂事件处理具有比一般方法更好的性能和可伸缩性.     

地铁列车环境中多依赖复杂事件处理研究

针对多源海量实时数据的复杂事件检测中，原始事件流的分流处理存在事件检测准确率低及效率慢的问题，提出一种基于事件树的复杂事件检测方法。首先给出事件依赖关系的明确定义，然后根据原子事件间存在的多依赖关系生成原子事件树，以事件树为节点构造依赖事件树链表，提升复杂事件处理引擎的有效检测次数，使得事件检测的匹配效率得到提升。同时该方法减少了事件检测过程的内存消耗，提高了事件检测的吞吐量。仿真实验与案例研究证明了提出方法在海量数据处理上的优异性及可行性。     

一种基于算子的可扩展复杂事件处理模型

随着大数据处理的深入发展,系统单位时间内产生的数据日趋庞大,数据间的关联关系日趋复杂,这使得传统的“存储-查询”或者“发布-订阅”的方式无法很好地满足诸如故障监控、股票分析、医疗及生命保障等对大数据具有实时处理需求的系统。复杂事件处理技术实现的是将用户对特定的事件序列的查询需求映射到特定识别结构上。该结构从多个持续的数据流中分析并提取满足特定模式的事件序列。该技术能够很好地支持对大量数据进行实时在线分析。但由于在数据处理的过程中,系统不可能预置全部的查询语义,许多系统在使用过程中会需要使用新的语义,以查询新产生的模式。因此,一种支持扩展的语义的复杂事件处理模型是非常必要的。同时,现有的复杂事件处理模型仅针对某几类特定的查询进行描述以及优化,对整体模型缺乏统一描述,导致许多模型在多规则复杂查询的情况下效率欠佳。针对上述问题,提出了基于算子的可扩展复杂事件处理模型。该模型能够良好地支持现有的各类查询语义,具有较快的识别速度。基于该模型的形式化描述,对系统在识别过程中的性能消耗进行了详细分析,给出了模型构造最优算法。通过实验验证了算子模型优化方案的正确性。实验结果表明,经过优化后的树结构事件处理速度比开源复杂事件处理引擎Esper快3倍以上。     

基于双数组trie树的多模式复杂事件检测方法

制造物联网中海量实时数据流急需高效的事件检测与处理方法，高效意味着单位时间内使用较小的存储空间处理更多的输入事件。提出一种基于双数组trie树的多模式复杂事件检测方法，通过构建多模式匹配自动机模型减少查询过程中冗余的检测和计算，并利用双数组trie树充分压缩存储空间，从而提高了复杂事件处理的效率。仿真实验表明，提出的方案相比传统的单模式复杂事件检测，具有较小的空间和时间消耗。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.